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1、陶板项目可行性报告范文一、背景和意义陶板早源于欧洲，是一种以天然陶土为主要原料，通过挤压成形，再经1200左右高温烧制而成的幕墙装饰材料。在欧洲及东南亚各地诸多知名建筑都大量采用陶土板作为主要幕墙材料，但目前在我国墙面材料中还多以玻璃、石材和金属铝板为主，其中玻璃幕墙更是占到全部幕墙的60%以上，陶瓷干挂大板用于幕墙装饰才刚刚起步。但传统玻璃幕墙有诸多弊端：光污染严重，安全隐患多，爆裂伤人事件频发，建筑物能耗高，大面积采用玻璃幕墙的“玻璃盒子”建筑甚至不得不开放空调加大功率调节室温。因此广东省已于今年4月份全面实施公共建筑节能设计标准,把窗墙耗能指标列入“强制执行”范围,同时规定新建酒店、办公
2、大楼等公共建筑一律禁用超大玻璃幕墙。北京也已出台类似规定，严格限制玻璃幕墙的使用。相比之下，陶土板幕墙材料在环保和节能方面与目前市场大量运用的玻璃、石材、金属幕墙材料相比拥有以下多方面的优势：1、不会产生光污染，可与保温材料配合使用，具有良好的保温、隔音功能。2、热稳定性高，不会暴裂脱落，强度高，抗风压能力好，使用安全。3、和石材相比自身重轻，而且无论在强度、吸水率、耐候性等方面都优于一般石材，但价格却比石材低三分之二左右。4和玻璃，石材等其他材料相比，干挂陶瓷大板还具有安装工艺单间，费用省，时间快，而且在陶板破损时易于单片更换的特点 。5色泽图案、表面质感更加丰富多彩并可人为控制，能更大范围
3、满足设计师的设计意图和千变万化的市场需求。 虽然陶瓷干挂大块有以上诸多优点，但此前国内生产陶瓷干挂大板在配方体系，挤出成形设备和烧成工艺等关键技术上不过关，所以国内无法生产，国内市场主要由国外供应商占据，产品价格高昂。 为了适应的市场需求，打破国外技术垄断，湘潭炜达机电制造有限公司经过不懈努力，已成功开发出完全国产化并拥有自主知识产权的干挂陶瓷大板砖生产线，是国内唯一完全掌握此项生产技术的厂家。这套技术的特点和优势主要体现为：1.挤出成型采用四轴真空挤出机，双主轴挤出，出泥口宽，可以挤压600mm宽的大块产品，挤出压力大，横截面的泥流速度均匀，无螺旋应力，解决了以往单主轴挤出机不能挤出宽断面产
4、品的问题。2采用高效复合强熔剂原料，成功开发出能适合辊道窑快速烧成的配方体系，烧成时间缩短到2.5-4小时，解决了以往辊道窑焙烧挤出砖生烧的问题。3.采用与挤出机联动的辊道干燥线和辊道窑，实现自动化流水线生产，不但劳动人员少，效率高，而且因为产品从挤出成型到切割，干燥，烧成全过程都现实自动化，无需人工搬动，从而解决了产品易变形的问题。 4. 独家发开出超薄高温纳米涂层，烧成后不改变产品的外观色泽，不影响产品表里如一的质感，同时又极大地提高了产品的自洁性能，减轻建筑物日后的高空清洁工作负担。二、产品的市场前景分析从20世纪90年代以来，中国幕墙建筑面积一直稳居世界首位，据来自中国幕墙协会2006
5、年的统计资料显示，中国幕墙产业年需求量保守估计为5200万平米，并且每年还在以20%以上的速度增长，随着国内建筑业的飞速发展和人们对干挂陶板幕墙性能的理解认识不断加深，干挂陶瓷大板在建筑幕墙装饰工程中的应用也越来越广泛，如北京北展综合楼，上海长途汽车南站等（见附录二）都采用了干挂大板砖，其高雅气派的整体装饰效果吸引了不少人士亲临现场考察拍照，在业内反响很大。据业内人士分析，在上海申花国际大厦，北展大楼，中国建筑设计院等著名幕墙工程的示范作用下，随着有关部门“限璃令”的出台，2008年国内玻璃幕墙将大幅下降，与此相反陶板的使用量将快速增加，总需求量有望突破1000万平米,今后5-10年还将以20
6、%以上的速度增长，产品的市场前景看好。目前市场干挂陶瓷大板供应主要依赖代理商从国外进口，据了解，国内建筑公司从海外进口陶土板的销售价格在6001800元/平米之间，而且必须提前4个月付清款项，条件非常苛刻；而且国内外沟通成本高，需要经过漫长的海运，供货周期达四个月以上，长途海运破损率高。目前国内个别全线从欧州引进的企业在生产中因消化不良等原因 ，年产总量还不足20万平方米，从而导致陶板市场缺口很大，市场销价在300元/平米以上，利润非常可观，故有人称干挂大板砖为建筑陶瓷业中的最具潜力的朝阳产业。三、产品方案及生产规模本方案是按照一条长200m，宽2m的辊道窑的生产能力来进行各项平衡设计的，每天
7、生产干挂陶瓷大板2000平米,每月以30天计，每年以11个月计，年产量为66万平方米。产品品种主要为双层中空式，单层平挂式和百叶窗式三种，分别如图1、图2、图3所示，产品的颜色主要为红色，黄色，灰色和咖啡色系列，也可根据客户的要求和当地的原料特点生产其它颜色的产品。1、双层中空干挂大板砖的产品规格：（1）长度：300mm-1200mm（2）宽度：150mm-600mm（3）厚度：30-35mm主要规格为40060030mm，特殊规格可根据客户需要定制。2、单层平挂式，如图2所示（1）长度：300mm-1200mm（2）宽度：150mm-600mm（3）厚度：15-20mm主要规格为300600
8、18，特殊规格可根据客户需要定制。3、百叶窗式，如图3所示主要规格如下：方形百叶：538050mm；椭圆形：303004186；矩形：60330150；棱形：49900140mm；491350140mm；46900200mm；46135020mm；特殊规格可根据客户需要定制。四、生产工艺设计（一）、生产工艺过程概述：各种原料按配方要求配料称量后用鄂式破碎机进行粗碎，再以铲车送到给料箱，经皮带运输机运送至双轴搅拌机上初搅，然后输送至粉磨机粉碎，粉碎后的粉料再输送粉料仓，粉料经强力混料机混合后送到园盘给料机加水挤练，挤出的泥料经真空练泥机挤成细条再经皮带运输机送至泥料陈腐仓，陈腐三天以后备用。陈腐
9、好的泥料用铲车送至箱式给料机，经输送带送至储料箱，从储料箱送至双轴搅拌机，经搅拌的泥料再输送到真空挤出成型机挤出，挤出的砖坯经切割机进行切割后进入109m的三层余热辊道干燥器干燥，经6小时左右的干燥后，再进行纳米涂层喷涂，喷涂好的砖坯进入200m辊道窑烧成，烧后的产品再经磨边机自动磨边后，检选并用木箱打包入库。生产工艺流程图如下15立方喂料机鄂式破碎机粗碎雷蒙机粉碎粉料仓电子称量喂料机中间料仓强力混料机 双轴搅拌机园盘给料机陈腐仓5立方喂料机四轴真空挤出机专用陶板切割机宽面陶板输送装置辊道干燥器干燥喷涂纳米涂层辊道窑烧成磨边分级检验包装入库（二）、原料的选择原则及配比范围： 在原料的选择上，应
10、遵循以下原则 1、要保证坯体具有足够的可塑性：2、保证坯料具较少的有机物：3、保证坯料具有较低的成瓷温度和较宽的烧结温度范围：大块干挂砖的基础配方范围大致如下：高岭土类粘土 长石等强熔剂类原料 石英类原料40-70% 30-40% 5-15%（三）、主要生产工艺指标参数1.原料综合损失率：5% 2.坯料陈腐期：3天 3.砖坯半成品合格率：90% 4.烧成产品合格率：95% 5.干燥最高温度：1200 6.干燥周期：6小时 7.烧成周期：2.5-4小时8.坯料可塑性指数：12（四）、产品性能指标（1）、产品吸水率：10%（2）、抗霜冻性：经50次冻融循环后无损（3）、其他品性能符合国家炻质挤出陶
11、瓷砖标准。.六生产人员编制根据本方案的生产工艺流程和生产特点，对全厂人员作如下编制:车间生产工人83人，后勤管理人员27，共110人，具体如表4所示七投资概算（一）土建工程平面工艺布置总图（见如附图）1. 全厂占地长度250m，宽度110m,总面积27500m22.厂房及办公室主要建筑物总计14870m2,具体如下表5厂房及办公室主要建筑物表5序工程名称建筑面积(m2)长X宽m层数备注1干燥烧成车间6000240X2512原料及成型车间6000240X2513.成品仓库125050X2514原料仓库60024X2515配件房1206X2016设备维修房24012X2017电工房1206X201
12、8 办公室54018X3019合计148703.厂房投资总额约为941+50=991（万元）（二）项目总投资：2683万元除厂房和设备投资外，其他投资以50万元计算，则本项目的总投资为：机械设备+窑炉设备+厂房+其他=784+858+991+50=2683（万元）八、经济效益分析本方案成本估算按月产量6万平方米，以东山淄博地区的原料价为基础进行，计算依据如下：（一） 单位生产成本分析（如表6） 表6SN成本项目待添加的隐藏文字内容3单位月耗量月成本（万元）单位成本（元/m2）备注1原料及辅助材料吨/月360072122.工资成本元18.513.093天然气标方582000116.419.44水
13、耗立方米50000.60.15电耗KWH25960820.763.466折旧17.162.867维修及大修61.08包装费24.04.09管理费6.01.09税费89.7614.9610合计371.2261.87（二）年生产成本年生产成本=生产单位成本（元）产量（万m2）=61.84X66=4081.44万元（三 ）年销售额： 销售单价以目前市场厂家提货价200元/m2计（不含配件）年销售总额=年销售量X单价=66X200=13200万元（四）年利润额利润额=年销售总额（万元）年生产成本（万元）=13200-4081.44=9118.56万元（五）投资回报率投资回报率=净利润（万元）投资总额（
14、万元）100%=9118.562683100%=339.86%（六） 投资回收年限投资回收年限=1投资回报率=1339.86%0.29年Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder
15、 what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before
16、my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, bu
17、t right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a m
18、an take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the wind
19、s, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.Th
20、e guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As s
21、oon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communicati
22、ons), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds
23、 less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), d
24、rifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.
25、53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be t
26、raveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the
27、 top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead
28、, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at m
29、ach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.
