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1、供热专业毕业设计外文翻译附录A 近几年来我市城市建设飞速发展，极大地推动了集中供热事业的进步。在建设大型集中供热站的同时，对于有条件进行改造的旧有供热站，扩大供热规模。增加供热面积，满足日益增长的供热需求是加快我市集中供热事业快速发展的一个重要方面。 首先本文对原供热站锅炉房周围环境及改造工程的难度做了分析，提出了初步设计方案，并采取公众参与的方式，即对周围居民及居委会以问卷调查的形式，收集公众代表及相关部门代表对工程改造的意见，尽量减小对周围环境的影响，结果充分证明了此项工程的可行性。然后对锅炉房热力系统、设备等进行选型、设计，分析锅炉房运行管理问题，并针对运行中各种污染源的控制与管理提出了
2、有效的措施。最后从能源合理利用的角度分析并得出结论:该项改造工程是一项改善人民生活水平、效益长远、造福人民的有益工程。 国内计量供热采暖系统综述: 目前发展较快的区域锅炉集中供暖，其优越性已被普遍认识，相对众多小锅炉房的分散供暖模式，它具有节能显著、占地省、降低粉尘噪声烟气污染等优点，更主要的是可以提高锅炉每吨位的供热面积，以往供热受其它能源种类的制约，基本上都是以煤做为燃料，随着石油、天然气的不断开发和电力供应的充足以及其它能源，如地热、核供热等的出现，使各种能源进入供热行业成为可能。在集中供热的基础上利用当地热电厂进行供热，称为热电联产供热，这种供热方式即具有节约能源、改善环境，又提高了供
3、热质量的优点。 地热作为一种低品质能源用于采暖供热有着占地面积小、运行费用低、资源综合利用收益大，资金回收快的优点，尤其是对大气污染极小，改善了城市大气环境，促进生产发展，提高人民生活水平，且具有较高的能源利用率，但由于受地热条件的限制，加之部分地热存在着水温偏低及腐蚀严重等问题，阻碍了它的发展。 随着供热作为商品进入市场，计量供热成为必然趋势。它是社会主义市场经济发展的必然结果。多年来，传统的按面积收费必然要被计量收费所取代，这即是一种趋势，又是国家建筑节能“九五”计划的发展目标，是适应社会主义市场经济要求的一大改革，是节约能源的重要措施之一。要实现供热采暖系统按热量分户计量，用户能自行调节
4、室温并保持用户要求的范围是采暖按热量分别计量供热的基础，即室内采暖系统必须具有可调节性。现就目前计量供热有以下几种主要方式及其特点分析如下。 生产过程中可能对人体危害的主要设备是锅炉。为此，所选用的锅炉安全附件齐全、可靠，并严格遵守锅炉房设计规范及热水锅炉安全技术监察规程的规定进行设计。如:保证系统最高点不产生汽化，水泵定压值为0.4MPa-0.45MPaa循环水泵进出口总管间联有带止回阀的旁路，防止停电时对水泵造成冲击。停电时有自来水补水，P水管装有安全阀可泄压。锅炉房按丁类厂房，耐火等级为二级，抗震设防烈度为7度来设计，屋顶采用轻型屋顶。 锅炉采用负压运行，防止烟气及火焰外喷，炉膛负压为一
5、20一一40Pa.锅炉除渣为湿式重型链条除渣机，储于沉渣池，用单轨抓斗起重机装车，减轻工人劳动强度，煤场为封闭式，设有洒水栓，输煤采用埋刮板密封式输煤，不会影响工人身体健康。鼓、引风机设减震架，进出口管上装挠性接头，避免噪声对人体的伤害。锅炉给水全部经过软化和除氧处理，处理后水质总硬度7毫克当量/升，溶解氧毛0.1毫克/升。锅炉房设有化验室，保证水质达标，避免损害设备，发生事故。 锅炉安全保护装置和报警装置齐全: 1)设有锅炉出口水温超温报警和联锁，循环水泵和炉排、鼓、引风机联锁。 2)锅炉出口压力降低至热水汽化压力时与炉排、鼓、引风机联锁。 照明: 1)锅炉房、主控室、配电室等房间照度标准按
6、工业企业照明设计标准GB50034-92规定设计。 2)主控室、配电室等除设正常照明外，还设有应急照明。 3)对运煤廊、封闭煤场等照明灯具采用防爆和防尘灯具。 电缆敷设: 1)所有室内暗敷设动力与照明电缆均有钢管保护。 2)电缆敷设时与压力水管、热力等保持足够的安全距离。(3)动力电缆和控制缆分开在不同桥架内敷设，防止干扰。 附录 In recent years, the construction of our city has developed quickly, which promotes greatly the central heating cause. To meet the he
7、ating demands continuously, we will construct some large-size central heating stations, and at the same time we shall enlarge heating scale and areas of old heating station that have abilities to reform, which is very important for the rapid development of central heating cause in our city. Firstly,
8、 the paper analyzed the difficulties of this reform project and surrounding environment of boiler room at this old heating station, puts forward initial design scheme. The author gets some opinion about project reform from delegates of local residents and related department by supplying questionnair
9、es, and then lowers the influence of this project on surrounding environment. It is proved that this reform project is feasible. The author makes a thermodynamics system design of this boiler room and selects some equipment, analyzing a few questions about the running and management of boiler, bring
10、s forward some effective means about control and management of all kinds of pollution sources. By analyzing the reasonable utility of energy sources, the author makes a conclusion that this reform project is profitable one which can improve living standard of local residents and has s long-term bene
11、fit for them. Domestic measurement heating heating system summary: At present develops the quick region boiler central heating, its superiority had been known generally, the relatively multitudinous small boiler room dispersible heating pattern, it has the energy conservation obviously, the occupyin
12、g a land area of province, reduces merits and so on dust noise haze pollution, main is may enhance boiler each tonnage the heating area, formerly heated other energy type restriction, basically all was does take the coal as the fuel, along with petroleum, natural gas unceasing development and electr
13、ic power supply sufficient as well as other energy, like the geothermy, nucleus heating and so on the appearance, caused each kind of energy to enter the heating profession possibly to become.Heats in the centralism in the foundation carries on heating using the local thermal power plant, is called
14、the thermoelectricity payment proportional to production to heat, this heating way namely has saves the energy, the improvement environment, also enhanced the heating quality merit. The geothermy took one kind of inferior goods mass energy source uses in heating heating to have the area slightly, th
15、e operating cost low, the resources comprehensive utilization income is big, the fund recycles the quick merit, was in particular minimum to the air pollution, improved the city atmospheric environment, the promotion production development, raised the lives of the people level, also had the high ene
16、rgy use factor, but as a result of the geothermy condition limit, is added the part geothermy to exist the water temperature somewhat low and the corrosion serious and so on the questions, has hindered its development. Enters the market along with heating as the commodity, measurement heating become
17、s the inevitable trend.It is the socialist market economy development inevitable result.For many years, the tradition inevitably has had to measure the charge according to the area charge to substitute, this is one tendency, also is the national construction energy conservation “95” the plan develop
18、ment targets, adapts a socialist market economy request big reform, saves one of energy important measures.Must realize the heating heating system according to the hot weighing out household measurement, the user can regulate room temperature and maintain the user request the scope is voluntarily th
19、e heating the foundation which measures according to the quantity of heat to heat separately, namely in the room heats the system to have to have the controllability.Presently measures on at present heating to have following several fundamental modes and the characteristic analysis is as follows. Bo
20、iler room personnel organization: In the production process the main equipment which harms to the human body is possibly the boiler.Therefore, the boiler security appendix which selects is complete, is reliable, and observes Boiler room Design Standard strictly and Hot water boiler Safety work Super
21、vision Regulations the stipulation carries on the design.For example: Guaranteed the system peak does not have the vaporization, the water pump constant pressure value is 0.4MPa-0.45 between the MPaa circulating water pump import and export main pipe the association has the belt check valve bypass,
22、prevented when power cut has the impact to the water pump.When power cut has the running water to make up the water, P the water pipe is loaded with the safety valve to be possible the decompression.The boiler room according to a Ding kind of workshop, the fireproof rank is two levels, the earthquak
23、e resistance fortification intensity is 7 degrees designs, the roof uses the light roof. The boiler uses the negative pressure movement, prevented outside the haze and the flame spurts, the chamber negative pressure is 1,201,140 Pa. boilers eliminates the dregs to eliminate the dregs machine for the
24、 wet heavy chain link, Chu in the grit compartment, with the single track grab hoist crane load, reduces the worker labor intensity, the coal field is the enclosed type, is equipped with sprinkles the cock, loses the coal to use buries the scraper sealed type to lose the coal, cannot affect the work
25、er health.The drum, the drawing fan suppose the shock mount, in the turnover oral siphon install the flexible joint, avoids the noise to the human body injury.The boiler all passes through for the water the conditioning and except oxygen processing, after processing the water quality total hardness
26、7 milli-equivalents/rises, dissolved oxygen wool 0.1 milligrams/litre.The boiler room is equipped with the laboratory, guaranteed the water quality standards, avoids harming the equipment, has the accident. The boiler safety device and the alarm device are complete: 1) is equipped with the boiler ex
27、portation water temperature ultra warm to report to the police with the interconnection, the circulating water pump and the fire grate, the drum, the drawing fan interconnection. 2) boiler outlet pressure reduces to the hot water vaporization pressure when and fire grate, drum, drawing fan interconn
28、ection. Illumination: 1) room degree of illumination standards and so on boiler room, main control room, transformer vault according to Industrial enterprise Illumination Design standard GB50034-92 stipulation design. 2) main control room, the transformer vault and so on besides suppose the normal i
29、llumination, but also is equipped with the emergency lighting. 3) pair transports illumination lamps and lanterns and so on coal porch, seal coal field uses the explosion-proof and the dustproof lamps and lanterns. Cable laying: 1) all room in dark placing power and the lighting cable have the steel pipe protection. When 2) cable laying and flow pipe, thermal energy and so on maintenance enough safe distances. 3) power electric cable and the control cable separate in the different bridge lay, interference protection. In the movement each kind of source of pollution control and governs:
