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1、目 录1.总论22.项目建设的必要性33.技术方案、设备方案54.节能节水措施65.组织机构与人力资源配置66.项目实施计划67.投资估算与资金筹措78.结论91. 总论1.1工程概况*国家税务局综合楼，建筑面积4.8万。1996年建成并投入使用。由于国家政策调整，*市政府文件（*市供热区域替代工作领导小组文件2009年第1号）要求，市政蒸汽明年全面停供，冬季采暖改为供应热水。该局综合楼现供冷、供热、生活水热源及食堂等热源停供，且现有制冷机等设备已连续运行13年，其设计寿命周期为15年，空调末端设备老化锈蚀严重急需更换。拟对*国税局综合楼地下制冷机房、空调末端设备、换热站等尽快改造更新并新建一
2、座锅炉房。工程名称：*国家税务局综合楼能源替代改造工程。1.2设计方案1.2.1制冷机房针对*省国家税务局综合楼能源替代改造工程的具体特点确定制冷机房采用具备能源条件、能满足使用要求、能效比高的环保型电制冷机组。1.2.2 换热站市政管网改造后，市政热源为110/70 高温热水，原汽水换热器更改为水水换热器进行供暖。1.2.3锅炉房：新建锅炉房需提供110/70高温热水，增加2台4吨卧式燃气锅炉，作为备用采暖制热设备。1.2.4 空调末端设备进行更换。1.2.5循环水系统：制冷机房内原有循环冷却水泵、冷水循环水泵在制冷机组更换后均根据新机组要求进行更换。1.2.6土建工程：对制冷站、换热站、锅
3、炉房等旧设备拆除，需要打开原有设备吊装口，待旧设备拆除新设备安装就位后再将吊装口封闭。拆除所有淘汰旧设备的基础，重新施工新设备基础。新建燃气锅炉房，风机盘管等设备拆换后，进行拆换封堵吊顶、重新粉刷墙面等。2. 项目建设的必要性2.1. 建设的必要性由于国家政策调整，*市政府文件（文件号：*市供热区域替代工作领导小组文件2009年第1号）要求市政蒸汽明年停供，冬季采暖改为供应热水。*国家税务局办公楼中央空调制冷系统的三台蒸汽制冷的制冷机将不能运行，夏季不能提供冷气。中央空调采暖系统的（汽-水）换热器由于蒸汽停供冬季不能正常提供暖风，且现有制冷机及空调末端设备已连续运行13年，其设计寿命周期为15
4、年，从2007年开始，制冷机组能耗明显增加，稳定性明显下降，软故障时有发生。末端设备老化锈蚀严重，存在严重的跑冒漏现象，因此中央空调系统急需改造，以保证办公大楼的正常采暖和制冷效果。2.2项目分析2.2.1制冷机组制冷机组种类通常分为三类：压缩式（电制冷型）、吸收式和蒸汽喷射式。其中压缩式又分为离心式、螺杆式和活塞式；吸收式制冷机可分为蒸汽型、直燃型；而蒸汽喷射式制冷机因其制冷效率低、蒸汽和冷却水耗量较大、机组运行噪音高等原因现已很少使用。离心式制冷机组适用于大型空调系统，螺杆式适用于大、中型空调系统，而活塞式电制冷机组一般用于小型中央空调系统，此三种电制冷机组所需的能源就是电；吸收式制冷机是
5、以热能为主要能源，蒸汽吸收式制冷机所需的主要能源是蒸汽，直燃吸收式制冷机所需的主要能源是燃料。该局原空调制冷机采用蒸汽吸收式制冷机组。吸收式制冷机组相对电制冷机组而言，仅仅节电效果显著，而从整个能耗来看，其节能效果远远不如电制冷机组即“节电不节能”。从运行费用和使用维护方面对电制冷机组、蒸汽吸收式制冷机组、直燃吸收式制冷机组作一系统的比较： 以制冷量为500UST比较三种制冷机组的运行费用，以一个月30日、空调每天运行8小时计算，考虑机组均满负荷运行，则电制冷机组、蒸汽吸收式制冷机组、直燃吸收式制冷机组一个月的运行费用分别为57960元、83538元、222797元。 从维护使用情况比较，蒸汽
6、吸收式制冷机组运行时除电力外，还需蒸汽管网和凝结水管网；直燃吸收式制冷机组运行时除电力外，还需燃气管网，尤其在燃气管网穿越地下室时，还需增加单独的通风系统和报警系统；而电制冷机组仅仅需要电力系统，所以无论从安全性还是使用维护方面考虑，电制冷机组均具有明显的优势。综合本工程的具体情况，并考虑运行费用和使用维护的方便性，电制冷机组比较适合本工程的使用。2.3项目的意义和作用本项目实施后，制冷机房设备、采暖设备等的改造将极大改善*省国税局办公环境质量，同时在节能环保方面符合国家相关政策。3. 技术方案、设备方案3.1制冷空调系统针对*省国家税务局综合楼能源替代改造工程的具体特点和现实条件，拟选用体积
7、较小（能通达原有设备吊装口进行吊装），负荷调节能力强、能效比较高、现有配电室既能满足要求的环保型电冷水机组。与冷水机组配套的冷水循环水泵、冷却水循环水泵更新，数量和参数按新机组要求选定。配套冷却塔延用原有设备，只进行必要维修。原有设备基础均需拆除，根据新设备要求新做基础。管路及配电按新的要求拆改。空调末端设备更换442台风机盘管，变风量空气处理机组8台。相关空调管道拆换，因施工破坏的吊顶拆换，墙面粉刷。3.2 换热站市政管网改造后，市政热源为110/70 高温热水，原换热站汽水换热器更改为水水换热器，换热后供暖。现经校核计算将换热站改造如下：换热站选型按原系统设计分高低区分别设置，高区空调系统
8、采用二台水水换热器，换热量2.8MW，二次网供回水温度：60/50。低区空调系统采用二台水水换热器，换热量5.6 MW，二次网供回水温度：60/50。低区采暖系统设一套水水换热机组，换热量0.53 MW，二次网供回水温度：95/70。3.3锅炉房：经核实计算，锅炉房需提供110/70高温热水，G=214.6m3/h。增加2台4吨燃气锅炉，作为备用采暖制热设备。能源引自市政燃气公司天然气。4. 节能节水措施 制冷机组、换热站及锅炉房全部配备节能自动控制系统。5. 组织机构与人力资源配置从立项之初，即有专业项目管理人员负责项目的实施工作，并依据科学有效的项目管理程序对各项事宜进行严密的监控，保证项
9、目的安全、快速。进入正式营运后，聘请专业化人才进行系统化管理，按市场化、人文化、生态化、科学化的理念，构建新型的管理模式和框架。进入正式营运前，对主要岗位的人员进行培训，达到岗位技能要求后才能上岗，使生产安全、有序、顺利进行。6. 项目实施计划 6.1改造方案编制：首先依据设计规范进行详细设计、优化，考虑到改造期间合理安排时间，抓住空调使用的淡季进行改造施工，尽量减少对大楼正常办公的影响。最佳时机在供冷停用后的10月份至来年的4月份改造供冷系统，在来年4月至10月再改造供暖相关系统。6.2项目实施管理机构及实施程序成立空调系统改造办公室或者由现有中央空调系统主管部门负责实施。主要设备（制冷机，
10、水泵，换热器等）、安装工程施工等，由该局政府采购部门依法组织招标，项目实施，可采用施工和设备分别单独招标方式进行。6.3项目实施时间安排2009年9月2010年10月7. 投资估算与资金筹措7.1概算总投资*国家税务局综合楼能源替代改造工程概算总投资1929万元，其中：建安投资为944万元；设备投资为828万元，其他费用为157万元。按照费用构成划分投资见表7-1；按费用构成划分投资表表7-1序号费用名称投资（万元）占总投资（%）1建筑工程费292.7657 15.18 2安装工程费651.0063 33.75 3设备购置费827.5700 42.90 4其他费用157.6700 8.17 5
11、预备费0.0000 0.00 项目总投资1929.0120 100.00 按照工程类别划分投资见表7-2按工程类别划分投资表表7-2序号费用名称投资（万元）占总投资（%）1综合楼机房等工程12450564 64.54 2换热站工程2463428 12.77 3锅炉房工程2799428 14.51 4其他费用1576700 8.17 项目总投资19290120 100.00 7.2编制依据7.2.1工程量依据各专业设计及同类工程资料数据取得。7.2.2设备价格及运杂费设备价格采用厂家报价，网上寻价，参照类似设备价格进行估价。7.2.3材料价格参照*省工程造价信息中的价格，结合市场价格进行编制。7
12、.2.4定额指标和费率建筑安装工程采用2006年*省建设项目概算定额。施工取费执行2006年*省建筑安装工程费用定额7.2.5其它费用2004年*省建设项目概算其他费用定额及中国建设工程造价管理协会2003年8月建设项目总投资组成及其他费用规定等有关文件计取。7.2.6预备费无。7.3资金筹措 国家财政全额拨款8. 结论通过本次改造，可以解决因蒸汽停供和设备老化带来的大楼制冷、采暖等问题。本项目完工后，设备的维护、保养和日常管理要跟上，并安排专业人员值班。Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photogra
13、pher. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the worlds first
14、satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Y
15、et the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule
16、 hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tue
17、sday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me be
18、cause I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me
19、from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost
20、grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The super
21、sonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the low
22、er level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosse
23、s the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something
24、resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shal
25、low end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him comp
26、letely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deplo
27、y this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass ou
28、t, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.
