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1、英语连读的规则,一.连读的条件：1.相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关，同属一个意群。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读，只需顺其自然地一带而过，不可读得太重。(1)“辅音+元音”型：连读在同一个意群里，如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。eg.ImanEnglish boy.Itisanold book.Let me havea lookatit.Ms Blackworkedinanofficeyesterday.Putiton,please.Notatall.Please pickitup.,2.“r/re+元音”型连读如果前一个词是以-r或者-
2、re结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这时的r或re不但要发/r/，而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。eg.Theyre my fatherand mother.I looked forit hereand there.Thereis a football underit.Thereare some books on the desk.Hereis a letter for you.Hereare foureggs.But whereis my cup?Whereare your brotherand sister?但是，如果一个音节的前后都有字母r，即使后面的词以元音开头，也不能连读。The bla
3、ck clouds are coming nearer and nearer.（nearer与and不可连读）,3.“辅音+半元音”型连读英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是/j/开头，此时也要连读。eg.Thankyou.Nice to meetyou.Didyou get there lateagain?Wouldyou likea cupof tea？Couldyou help me,please?“音的同化”常把/d/+/j/读成/dV/，did you听上成了/dIdVu/，would you成了/wudVu/，could you成
4、了/kudVu/。,4.“元音+元音”型连读:如果前一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。eg.Iam Chinese.Heis very friendly to me.She wants to studyEnglish.Howand why did you come here?She cant carryit.Itll take you threehours to walk there.The question is tooeasy for him to answer.,5.当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时，意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出
5、现，也不可连读。Isit ahat or a cat?（hat与or之间不可以连读）Thereisa good book in my desk.（book与in之间不可以连读）Can you speakEnglish or French?（English与or之间不可以连读）Shall we meet ateight or ten tomorrow morning?（meet与 at，eight与or之间不可以连读）She opened the door and walkedin.（door与and之间不可以连读）,二.失去爆破:6个爆破音有3对/p/，/b/;/t/，/d/;/k/，/g/失
6、去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情况下，只须做出发音的准备，但并不发音，稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时，前一个爆破音会失去爆破，即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破eg.The girl in the re(d)coat was on a bla(ck)bike jus(t)now.The bi(g)bus from the fa(c)tory is full of people.Wha(t)time does he get up every morning?This is an ol(d)pi(c)ture of a
7、 bi(g)car.The ol(d)do(c)tor has a ca(t),too.Were going to work on a farm nex(t)Tuesday.What would you like,ho(t)tea or bla(ck)coffee?Its a very col(d)day,but its a goo(d)day.You can put i(t)down in the bi(g)garden.I bought a chea(p)book,but its a goo(d)book.,(2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型:如果前面是爆破音，其后紧跟着某些摩擦音（如/f/，/s
8、/，/W/，/T/等），那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破，而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。eg.Goo(d)morning,Mr.Bell.Uncle Lis fa(c)tory is qui(te)near to the cinema.I wen(t)there alone a(t)nine las(t)night.-Do you know his bi(ke)number?-Sorry,I don(t)know.The forty-firs(t)lesson is qui(te)difficult.Goo(d)luck,Lin Tao.,三.浊化 1、S 后面的清辅音要浊化 eg.dis
9、cussion：k 浊化成 g stand：t 浊化成d expression：p浊化成 b2、美音中：t 在单词的中间被浊化成d 如：writer，听起来和 rider 的发音几乎没有区别 letterladder 美国人和加拿大人发音为了省事，习惯清音浊化，尤其是t在单词的中间一定会浊化成d，但英国人发音不会这样，这也是英音和美音的一大区别。了解这一浊化原则，会给听力带来一些帮助。,四.弱读 一般来说：实词重读，如动词、名词、副词等；虚词弱读，如介词、代词等 弱读的规则一般是：元音音节弱化成 E如单词 for from to some am do have does 强式 fC:frC:m
10、 tU:sQm Am dU:hAv dQz 弱式 f frm t sm m d hv dz,五.英音和美音的差异由于美音的流行，四级考试听力也以美音为主，但是，由于历史的原因，我国大多数英语教师的发音，仍然以英音为主，所以，我们脑海中根深蒂固的英式发音，可能和磁带中的发音不一致，进而造成四级听力中的障碍。英语和美语在读音上的差异主要反映在元音字母a,o 和辅音字母r 的不同读音上。1)在ask、cant、dance、fast、path 这一类的单词中，英国人将字母a 读作a:，而美国人则读作，所以这些词在美国人口中就成了AskkAntdAnsfAst和pB:W。,Liason 连读,1.Sit
11、 on the chair2.Without any difficulty3.in a minute4.a woman of forty5.best of all6.arrive in the city7.at eight oclock8.an old man and a girl9.ask any person10.walk across the street11.on a foggy day12.a student in the English Department13.in our classroom14.talk with a friend of mine15.fall in the
12、river,16.tell us a story17.find it in my desk18.waited and waited19.run after it20.at the end of the street21.here and there22.sit at the other end of the room23.after a while24.take for example25.for an hour26.a pair of trousers27.wait for a student28.find the answer after all29.put more on her pla
13、te30.take care of it,31.cant hear it32.no air and water33.the other answer34.150 kilometers per hour35.a fire in a forest36.discover a new star37.doctor and nurse38.far easier than that39.the owner of the house40.the paper in the desk,1.I dont understand the theory at all.2.Jane has saved a lot of m
14、oney.3.It isnt our mistake.4.My mother came and opened the door.5.Instead of a shirt,Tom bought a jacket.6.There was a man and a woman sitting behind me.7.I shall graduate from middle school in one and a half years.8.Dont let him in while Im reading.9.He is a tall and handsome young man.10.When I we
15、nt into my office,he was talking with a friend of his.,11.While I was waiting for our bus,the rain stopped.12.There is only one hospital in the town.13.Perhaps that pair of shoes will fit me.14.He came in and asked for a cup of coffee.15.Here is your bag.16.He is standing at the other end of the bri
16、dge.17.There are no clean glasses in the kitchen,we have used them all.18.Could you open the door for us?19.He didnt finish his work until after eight yesterday evening.20.Dont worry,well find the answer after all.,1.This is the lost and found office.2.My telephone number is 555-9470.3.I couldnt hel
17、p overhearing what you said about an orchestra.4.Im in perfect health.5.Ive a perfect heart.6.You win and I cook dinner for the entire family.7.She was impressed by the relaxed and informal atmosphere.8.Im just here to do some research.9.Do you ever smoke at meal times?10.Some patients seemed almost
18、 normal.,11.But wouldnt you like to go into the villagesometimes to buy your own tobacco?12.He was a gentle and mild-mannered old fellow.13.Dr.Carmichael was easily persuaded to let her talk to Maurice.14.Gillian felt slightly uneasy as the porter unlocked the gate and waved her through.15.Oh,thank
19、you very much,Ok.16.Ive never been out that way before at all to Australia or the Far East.17.The food was strictly fish and chips.18.In addition to this,we were most unhappy with the arrangements for our journey home.19.Have you ever been to an exhibition?20.The Indians are bad and the white man is
20、 good and brave.,21.Columbus thought he had arrived in India.22.I remember going into the camp and getting a hot meal and clean clothes.23.You need to work at it.24.I made enough for an army.25.Ill make you two fried egg.26.The same shift on Tuesday.27.Her last question is about her other interest.2
21、8.I hope your friend sends in an application.29.They have their own special characteristics.30.The other waiter hid the bottle Id opened wrongly.,31.This gas will put anyone to sleep for exactly three minutes.32.Youre going to go round to the managers desk and steal all the money.33.I think its risk
22、y.34.If you walk out with 50,000 pounds under your arm,somebody will surely notice you.35.You go into the bank with a motor-cycle helmet on,and a black rubbish bag in your pocket.36.When you get there,radio Ginger and tell him to come.37.Sport balloon flights are best early in the morning or late in
23、 the afternoon when the wind is light.38.The flight recorder of the DC10 airliner which crashed in the Antartic a fortnight ago.39.Fifteen people are to appear in court in Manchester.40.The trouble began when groups of rival supporters whose teams had both been playing London clubs began to insult e
24、ach other.,41.Would you like a weekend in Las Vagas?42.Mary stopped outside a shoe shop and looked in the window.43.When an atom is divided,heat appears.44.Talk of a quick election was pure speculation.45.He hoped it would lead to a basis for negotiation.46.How did you find it at first being stared
25、at all day?47.People werent aware in a scientific way of the role of different micro-organisms and enzymes in producing different types of cheese.48.Cheese started being made on a large scale in factories.49.They might not become great artist or composers.50.It suddenly struck us that somebody must
26、have taken this money.,51.The point is that his university life might not have been so difficult if his ability has been recognized sooner.52.I knew its sudden,but this is an important opportunity.53.Well,I wasnt clear about my future.54.Its rather cold out here on the deck.55.Mike and I had a hambu
27、rger this afternoon and we talk.56.You couldnt pick a finer medical school than Michigan.57.The small producer working from his farm dairy continued to exist and still exist today.,历史岳麓版第13课交通与通讯的变化资料,精品课件欢迎使用,自读教材填要点,一、铁路，更多的铁路 1地位 铁路是 建设的重点，便于国计民生，成为国民经济发展的动脉。2出现 1881年，中国自建的第一条铁路唐山 至胥各庄铁路建成通车。1888
28、年，宫廷专用铁路落成。,交通运输,开平,3发展(1)原因：甲午战争以后列强激烈争夺在华铁路的。修路成为中国人 的强烈愿望。(2)成果：1909年 建成通车；民国以后，各条商路修筑权收归国有。4制约因素 政潮迭起，军阀混战，社会经济凋敝，铁路建设始终未入正轨。,修筑权,救亡图存,京张铁路,二、水运与航空 1水运(1)1872年,正式成立，标志着中国新式航运业的诞生。(2)1900年前后，民间兴办的各种轮船航运公司近百家，几乎都是在列强排挤中艰难求生。2航空(1)起步：1918年，附设在福建马尾造船厂的海军飞机工程处开始研制。(2)发展：1918年，北洋政府在交通部下设“”；此后十年间，航空事业获
29、得较快发展。,轮船招商局,水上飞机,筹办航空事宜,处,三、从驿传到邮政 1邮政(1)初办邮政：1896年成立“大清邮政局”，此后又设，邮传正式脱离海关。(2)进一步发展：1913年，北洋政府宣布裁撤全部驿站；1920年，中国首次参加。,邮传部,万国邮联大会,2电讯(1)开端：1877年，福建巡抚在 架设第一条电报线，成为中国自办电报的开端。(2)特点：进程曲折，发展缓慢，直到20世纪30年代情况才发生变化。3交通通讯变化的影响(1)新式交通促进了经济发展，改变了人们的通讯手段和，转变了人们的思想观念。(2)交通近代化使中国同世界的联系大大增强，使异地传输更为便捷。(3)促进了中国的经济与社会发
30、展，也使人们的生活。,台湾,出行,方式,多姿多彩,合作探究提认知,电视剧闯关东讲述了济南章丘朱家峪人朱开山一家，从清末到九一八事变爆发闯关东的前尘往事。下图是朱开山一家从山东辗转逃亡到东北途中可能用到的四种交通工具。,依据材料概括晚清中国交通方式的特点，并分析其成因。提示：特点：新旧交通工具并存(或：传统的帆船、独轮车，近代的小火轮、火车同时使用)。原因：近代西方列强的侵略加剧了中国的贫困，阻碍社会发展；西方工业文明的冲击与示范；中国民族工业的兴起与发展；政府及各阶层人士的提倡与推动。,串点成面握全局,一、近代交通业发展的原因、特点及影响 1原因(1)先进的中国人为救国救民，积极兴办近代交通业
31、，促进中国社会发展。(2)列强侵华的需要。为扩大在华利益，加强控制、镇压中国人民的反抗，控制和操纵中国交通建设。(3)工业革命的成果传入中国，为近代交通业的发展提供了物质条件。,2特点(1)近代中国交通业逐渐开始近代化的进程，铁路、水运和航空都获得了一定程度的发展。(2)近代中国交通业受到西方列强的控制和操纵。(3)地域之间的发展不平衡。3影响(1)积极影响：促进了经济发展，改变了人们的出行方式，一定程度上转变了人们的思想观念；加强了中国与世界各地的联系，丰富了人们的生活。(2)消极影响：有利于西方列强的政治侵略和经济掠夺。,1李鸿章1872年在上海创办轮船招商局，“前10年盈和，成为长江上重
32、要商局，招商局和英商太古、怡和三家呈鼎立之势”。这说明该企业的创办()A打破了外商对中国航运业的垄断B阻止了外国对中国的经济侵略C标志着中国近代化的起步D使李鸿章转变为民族资本家,解析：李鸿章是地主阶级的代表，并未转化为民族资本家；洋务运动标志着中国近代化的开端，但不是具体以某个企业的创办为标志；洋务运动中民用企业的创办在一定程度上抵制了列强的经济侵略，但是并未能阻止其侵略。故B、C、D三项表述都有错误。答案：A,二、近代以来交通、通讯工具的进步对人们社会生活的影响(1)交通工具和交通事业的发展，不仅推动各地经济文化交流和发展，而且也促进信息的传播，开阔人们的视野，加快生活的节奏，对人们的社会
33、生活产生了深刻影响。(2)通讯工具的变迁和电讯事业的发展，使信息的传递变得快捷简便，深刻地改变着人们的思想观念，影响着人们的社会生活。,2清朝黄遵宪曾作诗曰：“钟声一及时，顷刻不少留。虽有万钧柁，动如绕指柔。”这是在描写()A电话 B汽车C电报 D火车解析：从“万钧柁”“动如绕指柔”可推断为火车。答案：D,典题例析,例1上海世博会曾吸引了大批海内外人士利用各种交通工具前往参观。然而在19世纪七十年代，江苏沿江居民到上海，最有可能乘坐的交通工具是()A江南制造总局的汽车 B洋人发明的火车 C轮船招商局的轮船 D福州船政局的军舰,解析由材料信息“19世纪七十年代，由江苏沿江居民到上海”可判断最有可
34、能是轮船招商局的轮船。答案C,题组冲关,1中国近代史上首次打破列强垄断局面的交通行业是()A公路运输 B铁路运输C轮船运输 D航空运输解析：根据所学1872年李鸿章创办轮船招商局，这是洋务运动中由军工企业转向兼办民用企业、由官办转向官督商办的第一个企业。具有打破外轮垄断中国航运业的积极意义，这在一定程度上保护了中国的权利。据此本题选C项。答案：C,2.右图是1909年民呼日报上登载的一幅漫画，其要表达的主题是()A帝国主义掠夺中国铁路权益B西方国家学习中国文化C西方列强掀起瓜分中国狂潮D西方八国组成联军侵略中国,解析：从图片中可以了解到各国举的灯笼是火车形状，20世纪初的这一幅漫画正反映了帝国
35、主义掠夺中国铁路权益。B项说法错误，C项不能反映漫画的主题，D项时间上不一致。答案：A,典题例析,例2(2010福建高考)上海是近代中国茶叶的一个外销中心。1884年，福建茶叶市场出现了茶叶收购价格与上海出口价格同步变动的现象。与这一现象直接相关的近代事业是()A电报业 B大众报业 C铁路交通业 D轮船航运业 解析材料主要反映了信息交流的快捷，故选A。答案A,题组冲关,3假如某爱国实业家在20世纪初需要了解全国各地商业信息，可采用的最快捷的方式是()A乘坐飞机赴各地了解 B通过无线电报输送讯息C通过互联网 D乘坐火车赴各地了解解析：本题考查中国近代物质生活的变迁。注意题干信息“20世纪初”“最快捷的方式”，因此应选B，火车速度远不及电报快。20世纪30年代民航飞机才在中国出现，互联网出现在20世纪90年代。答案：B,4下列不属于通讯工具变迁和电讯事业发展影响的是()A信息传递快捷简便B改变着人们的思想观念C阻碍了人们的感情交流D影响着人们的社会生活解析：新式通讯工具方便快捷，便于人们感情的沟通和交流。答案：C,
