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1、全国卷短文改错解题技全国卷短文改错解题技巧 1 考点设置 1处多一个词，删除符号“”；1处少一个词，漏字符号“”； 8处错一个词，修改符号“”。 一般会考到的情况 1. 考冠词 2. 考名词 (记住典型不可数名词：fun, progress, furniture, advice, information) 3. 考形容词/副词 填形容词： adj.(作定语) +名词 系动词be/feel/get/become + adj.(作表语) 填副词： 副词常在句首或句未 副词在动词前或动词后 副词在形容词前 副词放在副词前 4.考代词 指代错误 单复数 反身代词 主格宾格 名词性物主代词 your/y
2、ours 5. 考连词 before/after if / unless when/until/because 6. 考介词 7. 考谓语 主动：does三单式 did 过去式 have/has/had done 完成时 is/are/was/were doing进行时 will do 被动：is/are done was/were done have/has/had been done is/are/was/were being done will be done 8. 考非谓语 主动：doing having done to do to have done 被动：done having b
3、een done to be done being done 9. 考一般的状语从句，定语从句，名词性从句 10. 考 感到.的 (excited /interested /disappointed /surprised) 令人的(exciting /interesting /disappointing /surprising) 一. 多一个词 1. 多了冠词 (记住不用冠词的情况) 球类棋类和游戏，非特指的三餐，惟一职位名词前，go to school (bed, church, town, class, college, etc) ，by bus /by plane /by train,
4、用于某些独立结构中(如：The teacher came in, book in hand. ), 但是in a/the bus, on a/the/my bike 2. 多了“be”类 不是被动，不要在动词前乱加be 是被动， 也不要乱加be 3. 多了“have”类 不是完成时态，别乱加have 4. 多了to 1) 记住不用to的两个动词 let/make Make sb to do sth; let sb to do sth have sb to do sth 2) 记住以下句子里home, downtown是副词，不要to Go to home go to abroad (abroa
5、d也是副词) Tomorrow Ill go to downtown with my sister. 1 但是 I went to my uncles home. (要to，这里home是名词) 5. 宾语从句(已有how/what/ where引导)，多了that I dont know that what he said. I dont know that when/why/where he goes. 6. each time/ every time / the moment/ the first time可以直接引导时间状语从句，再加when 就多余了 Each time/ Every
6、 time when I remember my grandma, I feel warm. The moment when I arrive in Beijing, I will call you. I knew we would be good friends the first time when I met her 若是定语从句，用when没错 At the moment when you want to give up, think about why you have come this far. Paul and I met for the first time when we
7、were both at university. I still well remember the first time when I met her. 7. 定语从句，多了代词 Honghong is a lovely girl whom many boys love her in secret. 8. 及物动词，多了介词 ( marry with, serve for ) 翻译：为人民服务。 serve for the people (错) 因为serve是及物动词 serve as a doctor/ work as a doctor 作为一个医生 9. 意思重复 again/rete
8、ll, although/but, because/so, most/favorite Retell the story again This is my most favorite food. 二. 少了一个词 少了冠词 记住要定冠词the的情况： 1）演奏乐器 2）方位的名词前 3）序数词，形容词最高级前 Play the piano (但是play music) 少了“be”类 少了“have”类 少了to, 如: ask sb to do sth / sb. is made to do sth 不及物动词，少了介词 agree with; approve of; suffer from
9、; adapt to; apply for graduate from 少了副词up, down, on., away 少了引导词 三. 记住固定搭配 at home and abroad go abroad heart and soul neither . nor / either or not . but / not until so that / such that as as / such as 四. 经常区分以下考点 1. and / but / or / so / while 2. however / besides / therefore / otherwise 2 3. som
10、e / any / every 4. something / anything / everything 5. somebody / anybody / everybody 6. all/none三者或以上 both/neither两者 7. very / very much / much /well 8. many / much; so much /so many 9. few / a few; little / a little 10. much / more much 原级more 比较级most最高级 much+比较级 “得多” more+多音节单词 more beautiful, m
11、ore difficult 11. more / less / better more / less +原级 =构成比较级，例如： more / less beautiful/difficult 12. visit / pay a visit to I visited Beijing last weekend. I payed a visit to Beijing last weekend. 13. other / another / others / the other 14. others / others 15. its/its whose/ whos 16. doctor / doct
12、ors it/ its you/your them/their 17. some one else / some one elses ; 18. yesterday/ yesterdays two hours / two hours hours / hours students / students 19 区分so / such so kind a boy / such a kind boy so + adj./adv. + that-从句 such + a/an +adj. + n. + that-从句 such good boys (对) / so good boys (错) 20. 区分
13、how / what How kind a boy he is ! / what a kind boy he is ! How to do it (宾语) / What to do(缺宾语, what充当do的宾语) How do you feel? (内心情感的感受)/ what do you feel? Computers could pick up what we feel. 21. 区分which/ what (都是在从句中作主语，宾语或表语) which常用于 定语从句 what常用于 名词性从句 22. used to do 过去常做 be used to doing 习惯于做 2
14、3. be familiar with对熟悉。/ be familiar to为所熟知 Most of us are familiar with the small village. The small village is familiar to most of us. 24. leave Beijing 离开北京 leave for Beijing 到北京去 25. because + 主语+ 谓语+ because of +名词/代词/宾语从句 3 26. advertise sth 登广告宣传或推销某物 advertise for sth (sb) 登广告征求或寻找某物或某人 27.
15、prepare / prepare for The students are preparing for the coming college entrance exam. 学生复习备考 The teacher is preparing mid-term exams 老师出题备考 Mother is preparing lunch. 正在准备午饭。 The students are preparing for the final exam. 正在为期末考试作准备。 28. prepare for 强调准备的目的，要应付的情况，“为作准备” be prepared for强调准备好的状态 29.
16、 worry about 表示一个动作 be worried about表示一个状态 30. determine to do 表示动作状态，表示决定做某事 be determine to do 表示心理状态，表示下定决心做某事 She determined to go that very afternoon. 她决定那天下午走. He was determined to win the game. 他决心赢那场比赛. 31. in the newspaper在报纸里的新闻内容,广告消息, 图片等 on the newspaper 指放在报纸上面 32. on the wall 在墙的表面上 /
17、 in the wall 在墙的里面 There is a map of China on the wall. 墙上有一张中国地图。 There is a hole in the wall. 墙上有个洞。 33. in the tree / on the tree 存在树上的东西用on the tree，比如树叶。 本身不存在树上的东西用in the tree，如树上的鸟 五. 典型不可数名词 1. 建议 不可数advice 可数suggestion 2.消息信息 不可数Information/news/word 可数message/text(短信)；words(话语，单词) 3.面包糕饼 不可数bread 可数loaf, cake, cookie 4.家具类 不可数furniture 家具 可数 sofa，bed，chair 5. 工作 不可数 work (扩展homework / housework) 可数 job, position 6. 布,衣服类 不可数cloth (布) 可数 clothes衣服, rag碎布 7. 笑哭泪 不可数 laughter (笑声) 可数 tears 8. 不可数 fun 乐趣 what a great fun ! 9. 不可数 progress 进步 make a rapid progress 4
