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1、初一下册英语知识点归纳 初一英语下册知识点归纳 Unit 1 Can you play the guitar? 一、 单词与词组 Guitar吉他sing 唱歌,swim游泳dance跳舞,draw画画,chess西洋棋 Join: 表示“参加,加入”,此处指参加社团或组织,成为其中的成员。 Join the army 参军 Join the NBA 加入美国篮球协会 Join the art/sports/music/English/chess club 参加体育/音乐/英语/象棋俱乐部 play 乐器类+the play the guitar /the violin/the drums/t
2、he piano 非乐器类+ the play soccer/ basketball/volleyball/football/tennis/badminton Be good at+ sth./doing sth. 擅长做某事 Be good with 与相处得好 Be good to 对友好=be friendly to Be good for 对有好处 Like to do sth.特指某一次的动作; like doing sth. 强调经常性的爱好。 两者都表示喜欢做某事,在仅仅表达“喜欢”时两者可以通用。 Tell: Tell stories 讲故事 tell sb. sth. /to
3、 do sth. /not to do sth.告诉某人某事/不要做某事 Help: Help sb. to do sth. /help sb. with sth./ help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事 Help yourself/sb. (to sth.)把某物(尤其是指食物,饮料等)拿给自己/某人 cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 Call at 用于打某人的电话 e.g. Call Mr.Brown at 293-7742 Home:1. 表示动态概念。意思是“回家”,“到家”。前面不加介词。这里的home 是副词,表示目的地。 e.g. 1)When
4、 do you go home every day?你每天什么时候回家? 2)He drives home after work.他下班的开车回家。 3)She often does some shopping on his way home. 她经常在回家途中买些东西。 2. at home 表示静态概念。意思是“在家”。这里的home是名词,表示具体地点。 e.g. 1) Is she at home? 她在家吗? 2)He left his book at home. 他把书放在家里了。 Go home 回家 get home 到家 at home 在家 Also 也,而且;较正式,用于
5、肯定句,紧跟动词。 e.g. I can speak English and I can also speak Chinese. 我能说英文也能说中文。 也 Too 多用于口语,放在句末。 E.g. Me too. Either 多用于否定句,放在句末。E.g. He hasnt finished, either. 他也没有完成。 Show sb. sth. /show sth. To sb. 展示给某人看 1 Show time 作秀时间,表演开始 talk show 脱口秀 二重点句型 Can you swim? 你会游泳吗? Yes, I can./ No, I cant. 是的,我会。
6、/不,我不会 What can you do ?你会什么? I can dance./ I cant sing. 我会跳舞。/ 我不会唱歌。 What club do you want to join?你们想加入哪个俱乐部? We want to join the chess club.我们想加入象棋俱乐部。 Unit 2 What time do you go to school? 一、单词与词组 Run跑, brush v.刷:刷净 n 刷子, clean v.打扫;弄干净 adj. 干净的 exercise v&n 锻炼,练习, walk n&v 行走,步行. work n&v 工作 t
7、aste v.品尝 n.味道,滋味 usually adv.通常地,一般地, never adv. 从不,绝不 quarter n. 一刻钟,四分之一, forty num. 五十 Get dressed 穿上衣服, brush ones teeth 刷牙, eat breakfast 吃早餐, take a shower洗淋浴, do ones homework做作业, take a walk 散步 二、语法点 时间连词:when=while 当时 then 然后 after that 在那之后 at+时间点/sb. do sth. at about +时间点 for breakfast/l
8、unch/dinner 睡觉go to bed=go to sleep 睡觉 take a tap 午休,小睡一会儿 反:get up 起床 Time 表时间,不可数;表次数,可数。 Some times 几次 sometimes 有时 some time 一段时间 sometime 某个时候 系动词It tastes/smells/looks/sounds/feels尝起来/闻起来/看起来/听起来/摸起来 tastes/smells/looks/sounds/feels+like 尝起来/闻起来/看起来/听起来/摸起来像 eitheror二选一 neithernor 两者都不 连接两个主语时
9、,其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致,即 就近原则。 e.g. Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里,要么我去那里。 Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 今天父母都不在家。 Here引导的倒装句表位置的副词放在句首时, 如主语是代词,不倒装 ; 表位置的副词放在句首时, 如主语是名词,要用全部倒装。 2 e.g. Here it is! Here he comes. (代词不倒装) Here is your ticket. Here comes the bus. 关于时间的问法
10、(1)以when提问,“什么时候”可以是较长的时间段,也可以是较短的时间点 When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候? My birthday is Dec. 29th. 我的生日是x月x日。 这里就是指一天的时间段 When do you go home? 你几点回家? I go home at 4:30 p.m. 我下午4:30回家. 这里when问的是具体的时间。 (2)具体几点我们通常用what time提问 What time is it now? 现在几点了? or Whats the time? 几点了? Its 9:26. 现在九点二十六。 What t
11、ime is it by your watch? 你手表几点了? Its 8:36. Oh, Its 50 minutes late 8:36,哦,它慢了50分钟。 What time do you get up? 你几点起床? I get up at 6:00 a.m. 我早上6点起床。 三、重要句型 What time do you usually get up ? I usually get up at six thirty. What time does Rick eat breakfast. He eats breakfast at seven oclock. When does S
12、cott go to work? He always goes to work at eleven oclock. Unit 3 How do you get to school? 一、单词 Train 火车, bus公共汽车, subway地铁, bike自行车, car小汽车, river河,江, year年, minute 分钟, kilometer千米,公里, seventy,七十 eighty八十, ninety 九十, hundred一百 , ride drive v.开车 , live v.居住,生活 leave v.离开 , cross v.穿过,越过 二,词组 Take th
13、e train/ bus乘火车/公共汽车 go by bike/subway ride a bike骑自行车 driver a car 开车 think of 想起 between .and . 在.和.之间 Leave home/school 离开家/学校 come true实现 many students是单指学生数量多,侧重数量 many of the students是指学生中很多一部分,强调部分 too太 1. too much意为“太多”,+不可数名词/+动词。 3 boat小船 , sixty六十, v.骑 n 旅程, e.g.I had too much housework t
14、o do yesterday . 昨天我有太多的家务活要干。 She talks too much . 她说话太多。 much too意思是“过分,太”,隐含了过分而不恰当之意,much too+形容词或副词,不+动词。 e.g.The question is much too difficult . 这道题太难了。 Youre walking much too fast . 你走得太快了。 2.tooto太而不能.e.g. You are never too young to study. 同: sothat太以至于 e.g.The river runs too quickly for bo
15、ats.=The river suns too quickly to row a boat. =The river runs so quickly that people cant row a boat to across the river. 三、重要句型 How do you get to school? I ride my bike. How long does it takes to get to school? It takes about 20 minutes. H ow far is it from your home to school? Unit 4 Dont eat in
16、class 一、单词 rule n. 规则 rules hallway n. 走廊, 过道 fight v. 打架, 争吵 习惯用语: give up the fight 认输,放弃战斗 put up a fight 奋勇战斗, 抵抗 have a fight with sb. 和某人打仗/打架 Fight dog, fight bear. 一决雌雄 outside adv. inside dining n. dining room / dining hall 食堂 have to 不得不 else adj.& adv. (多与不定代词,疑问代词等连用) something else, any
17、body else, wash v. 洗 loudly adv.大声地 响亮地 loud adj. 高声的 low 二、词组 school rules 学校规章制度 break the rules 违反规章制度 make the rules 制定规章. in the hallways 在过道 in the music room 在音乐教室里 in the dining hall 在餐厅 be in bed 在床上 be late for迟到 listen to music 听音乐 wash my clothes 洗衣服 make dinner 做饭 have to do 不得不做 too ma
18、ny+名词复数; too much +不可数名词“太多” by ten oclock 十点之前 on school nights 上学的晚上 on weekends 在周末 go to the childrens palace 去少年宫 after school 放学后 sports shoes 运动鞋 gym class 体育课 三、句型 (1)Dont arrive late for class. (2)We cant listen to music in the hallways, but we can listen to it outside. 4 (3)-What else do y
19、ou have to do? - We have to clean the classroom. (4)-Can we wear hats in school? -Yes, we can/ No, we cant. (5)-Do you have to wear a uniform at school? -Yes, we do /No, we dont. (6) What are the rules at your school? 四、重难点 祈使句 通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气。它的主语you(听话人)通常省略。其构成通常有以下几种形式。 )Be型。如: Be quiet,
20、please. 否定句Dont + be+表语+其他。如: Dont be angry. )Do型。如: Open you books, please. 否定句Dont +实义动词原形+宾语+其他。如: Dont eat in the classroom. )Let型如: Let me help you. Lets go at six oclock. 否定句一般在宾语后加not。如: Let not watch TV. )No+V-ing型如: No smoking! 严禁吸烟! No talking! 不许交谈! No passing! 禁止通行! No parking! 不许停车! Mus
21、t与have to 1.must表主观看法,主观上的必要 have to 表客观需要 e.g. My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事) He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。 2. have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。 3. 在否定结构中: dont have to 表示不必;mustnt 表示禁止。 e.g. You dont h
22、ave to (neednt没必要) tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。 You mustnttell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。 On time 准时,按时。 In time 及时,迟早 e.g. We were just in time for (to catch ) the bus. 我们及时赶上了公车。 The train pulled in on time. 车准时到站。 Unit 5 Why do you like pandas? 一、单词 Panda熊猫, zoo动物园, tiger老虎, elephant大象, koala
23、考拉, lion狮子, giraffe长颈鹿, animal动物, cute可爱的, lazy懒惰的, smart聪明的, beautiful漂亮的, scary胆小的, kind和蔼的, Australia澳大利亚, south南方, Africa非洲, pet宠物, leg腿, cat猫, sleep睡觉. 二、词组 want to do sth .想要做某事 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 want sth 想要某物 Let sb do sth 让某人做某事 5 Kind kind of 有几分种类 a kind of 一种 (all) kinds of 各种各样的=
24、various of like to do sth/like doing sth 喜欢做某事 play with 与.一起玩 during the day 在白天 at night 在夜间 三、句型与日常交际用语 1、-why do you like pandas?/ -Why dose he like koalas? -Because theyre kind of interesting. 2、 Why do you want to see the lions? Because theyre 3、-Where are lions from? -Lions are from South Afr
25、ica. 4、-What (other) animals do you like? -I like elephants. 5. This is a symbol of good luck. 的象征 6. Have a good memory like an elephant. 形容记忆力好 7 .- How old are you?=Whats your age? Im ten years old./Im ten. 8.-Do you like giraffes? -Yes, I do. / No, I dont make of 与make from “由组成” make of 看得出原材料,
26、物理变化;make from 看不出原材料,化学变化。 e.g. We must save trees and not by things made of ivory(象牙). The paper is made of wood. 四、 重点难点 The other, others, another, other的区别 1.other可作形容词或代词,做形容词时,意思是“别的,其他”,泛指“其他的”。如: Do you have any other question(s)? 你还有其他问题吗? Ask some other people. 问问别人吧! Put it in your other
27、 hand. 把它放在你另一只手里。 2.the other指两个人或物中的一个时,只能用the other,不能用another,此时的other作代词。如: He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿,一个是护士,另一个是工人。 the other后可加单数名词,也可加复数名词,此时的other作形容词。如: On the other side of the street,there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一边,有一棵大树。 Mary is much taller than th
28、e other girls. 玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。 He lives on the other side of the river. 他住在河的对岸。 3.others是other的复数形式,泛指“另外几个”,“其余的”。在句中可作主语、宾语。如: Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports. 我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞,其余的从事体育活动。 Give me some others, please. 请给我别的东西吧! There are no others. 没有别的了。 4.the others意思是“其他东西
29、,其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的”。是the other的复数形式。如: Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园,其余的留在家里。 the others=the other 复数名词,这在第2条中已经有所介绍。 5.another=an other,既可作形容词,也可作代词,只能用于三个或更多的人或物,泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如: I dont like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个
30、,请给我看看另一个。 I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三个女儿。一个是护士,另一个是教师,还有一个是工人。 Lets do sth , lets=let us 让我们做 人称代词用宾格 Lets 之后跟动词原形。 Lets see the panda.我们看熊猫吧。 Lets go! 我们走吧! 6 Unit 6 Im watching TV. 一、单词 Newspaper 报纸, use使用, soup汤, wash清洗, movie电影, just
31、 刚刚 二、词组 do ones homework 做家庭作业 watch TV 看电视 eat dinner 吃饭;就餐 clean the room 打扫房间 talk on the phone 电话聊天 thanks for+n/doing为某事感谢某人 go shopping/swimming去购物/游泳 at the pool 在游泳池 at school 在学校 in the tree 在树上 read newspaper/a book 看报纸看书 write a letter 写信 go to the movies =go to the cinema=watch a movie
32、看电影 take photos 拍照 wait for 等待;等候 TV show 电视节目 talk about 谈论e.g. What are you talking about? some of中的一些 a photo of my family 我的家庭照 be with 和一起 with sb 和某人在一起 in the first/last photo在第一张/最后一张照片 三、句型与日常交际用语 1.-What+be+主语+doing? 正在做什么? -主语be doing 正在做某事 2.-Here are/is例: Here are some of my photos. /He
33、re is a photo of my family. 3.-Do you want to go to the movies? -Sure. 4.-When do you want to go? -Lets go at seven. 5.-Where do people play basketball? -At school. 6.-Whats he waiting for? -Hes waiting for a bus. 7.-Whats he reading? -Hes reading a newspaper. 8. Can +do(动词原形) 可以 e.g.You can see my
34、family at home. 四、语法现在进行时 1)现在在进行时的形式:助动词be(am,is,are)+动词-ing形式,表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。 2)现在进行时的肯定句形式:主语+be(am,is,are)+动词现在分词+其他 例:Im watching TV. 3)现在进行时的否定句形式:主语+be(am,is,are)+not+动词现在分词+其他 例:They are not playing soccer. 4)现在进行时的一般疑问句形式及回答: Is(am,are)+主语+动词现在分词+其他? Yes,主语+is/am/are. No,主语+isnt/arent/am no
35、t. 例:Are you reading? Yes,I am. No,I am not. 5) 现在进行时的特殊疑问句形式:特殊疑问词+is/am/are+主语+现在分词+其他? 例:What is your brother doing? Unit7 Its raining! 1构词知识: 1) 名词后缀:-er,如,singer 2)形容词后缀: -ful 如,beautiful -or,如 actor -ing 如,boring 7 -ing, 如 meeting -ous 如,dangerous -tion 如 direction -ly 如, friendly 3)副词后缀:-ly 如
36、,really 4)数词后缀:-teen 如,thirteen -ty 如,thirty -th 如,fourth 5)在国家名词后加-ian,-an, -n表示其国家的人。如, Egypt埃及 Egyptian埃及人 Europe欧洲 European欧洲人 Canada加拿大 Canadian加拿大人 Italy意大利 Italian意大利人 Australia澳大利亚 Australian澳大利亚人 America美国 American美国人 6)在表示天气的名词后加-y如,wind-windy, fog-foggy,sun-sunny 2Until的用法: Until 和 till的意
37、义相同,都有“直到”,“直到才,在以前不的意思它们的使用方法为: 1) 作介词: 作介词,后面通常接表时间的名词或短语如We are back until/tilloclock.三点种我们才回来 2) 作连词: 作连词时,until和till引导时间状语从句如 Go along this road until you see the park沿着这条路走,直到你看到公园为止。 )以上的状语从句的例句都是从句在主句之后,如果把从句放在主句之前,那么,引导词用till.如Till you come back, I wont leavehere.直到你回来我才回离开这。 ) 主句的动作是终止性的,要
38、用notuntiltill句型。 “违反规矩“的现在进行时态 1) 现在进行时比哦按时目前这一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。而说话时并不一定正在进行。如Is Tom working hard this term?汤姆这学期学习用功吗? They are working on the farm these days.这些日子他们在农场劳动。 2) 表示往返或位置转移的动词,如come,go,leave, stay, start, arrive等构成的现在进行时,可表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作。这些动词还可以和表示将来的时间状语,如tomorrow, next week, next ye
39、ar等连用。 They are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.明天他们要动身去北京。 ) 现在进行时与always, often等词相结合,也可表示习惯的,经常重复的动作。意思是“老是”,“总是”。此时常带有一定的感情色彩,如:埋怨,赞赏等。如 Mary is always talking about her son.玛利总是谈论她的儿子。 3. 关于how 的用法 1) How作“多少”“怎样”“多么”讲,为副词。 2) how 的感叹句的构成:How + 形容词+主语+be动词! How+副词+主语+谓语动词! 3)how many 多少 How many da
40、ys are there in a year? 4) how much 多少 How much water is there in the cup? How much are these pants? 8 5) how often多久 How often do you go there? Once a month. 6)how old多大岁数 How old is your grandfather? He is sixty-five. 7)how soon多久 How soon are you back? In a week. Unit 8 Is there a post office nea
41、r here? Section A 1a - 1c :There be 句型 结构:There be+sb/sth +地点 在某地有某人或某物 eg.There is a bank in the neighborhood. (2)There be 句型的谓语动词be 在人称和数上应以后面的第一个名词保持一致。 如果后面的名词是可数名词单数或不可数名词,谓语动词用is. There is some salad on the table . 如果后面的名词是可数名词复数,be 动词用are. There are some students in the classroom. (3)如果There
42、be 句型中有多个名词,be 动词通常与第一个名词保持人称和数的一致。 There is a boy and two girls in the room. (4)There be 句型的一般疑问句:将be 动词提到句首。 肯定回答:Yes,there is /are 否定回答:No,there isnt/arent -Is there a bank near here? -Yes, there is ./No ,there isnt. (5)There be 句型的否定句:在be 后加not. There is a post office near hear. There isnt a pos
43、t office near hear. (5)There be 句型与have/has 的区别: *There be 句型表示客观存在;have/has 表示主观拥有 *There be 句型不能与have/has 连用。 Section A 2a -2d 1.方位介词的用法: *across from 在对面,后接地点名词或代词。 There is a bank_ _(在对面) the library. *next to 在.旁边,靠近后接地点名词或代词。 (1)The pay phone is _ _(紧挨着) the library. *betweenand在和之间 ( )She is
44、sitting _Lily and Lucy. A.near B.next to C.between D.across from *in front of 在前面 *in the front of 在.前面 2.pay v 支付,付钱 *pay for +物 “付钱买某物” *pay + 钱+for +物 “付多少钱买某物 She pays 5 yuan for the books. 9 4.Excuse me 打扰了,对不起 用法:因询问事情,打扰别人而表示歉意时的用语,常用在问路之前。 sorry 对不起 因做错事,说错话时向别人道歉时的用语。 ( )-_,could you tell m
45、e the way to the bank? A.Hello B.Excuse me C.Hi D.Sorry Section A Grammar Focus-3c 3.Where +be+地点“.在哪儿“ ( )“_ is the hotel?” “Its near the bank” A.How B.Who C.Where D.What 2.busy adj 忙的 be busy doing sth=be busy with sth 忙于做某事 He is busy _(do) his homework. 3.enjoy v 喜欢 enjoyable adj 高兴的 enjoy sth 喜欢某物 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 enjoy oneself=h