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1、初三英语笔记Unit 1 How do you study for a test SectionA 1) listen to ：强调听的动作 hear ： 听的结果，强调听见 2) ask for 要.,要求. ask sb for sth =ask for sth from sb向某人要某物 .by ：在.之前 / 通过/ ask 问；ask sb +whether/if/特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句；ask sb to do sth：让某人做某事； 3）ever = at any time 曾经 常常 总是 现在完成时的一般疑问句中。 Have you ever studied with a
2、group? 2）条件句If you ever hear from her ,please tell me about it.3）一般现在时的疑问句Do you ever talk to your English friends ? 4）否定句No one ever returned from here. 5）在肯定句中可以表示常常 相当于always He is ever repeating the same story. 5) practice 名词 = exercise It takes much practice to be really good at this game. 动词 p
3、ractice doing sth 练习做某事 He always practices speaking English to improve his oral English. 6) what about =how about 其后加 名词，代词，动名词 7）aloud ：强调发出的声音能被听见，出声地、大声地 与read /call 连用 Sorry ,I cant hear you ,please read aloud. loud ：响亮的，大声地做形容词时 多为定语和表语 Jim answered the teachers question in a loud voice. 做副词时
4、多用比较级 且放在动词之后。常和speak,talk,laugh等连用 loudly ：大声地，吵闹地。常与 ring,knock等连用。有喧闹之意。 Someone knock loudly at the door. 8) I ve learned a lot that way. that way 做方式状语，其前省略了借词 in ,由this ,that构成的短语作方式状语或时间状语，其前的借词往往省略。Come this way, please! You can come this day. 9）improve = makebetter 10) too.to.太.而不能=so.that否
5、定句=not enough to do (not 后边的adj或adv与too后边的为反义词) Li ling is too young to go to school= Li ling is so young that she cant go to school=Li ling is not old enough to go to school l 在too.to中_如果too后的adj是easy,happy,ready,kind,eager时，这个句型为太.而能 l _如果too前有never,not,only,but, all时 这个句型则表示非常.而能. Eg：This book is
6、 too easy to understand。这本书太容易去理解了。One is never too old to learn。活到老学到老。 11)语法：动词不定式 做主语 常用句型为：It is +adj+(for sb)+to do sth 形式主语为it 真正的主语为 不定式 做定语 放在名词或代词后：the way to do sth 做某事的方法 做宾语 want to do sth ,ask to do sth ,like to do sth；特殊疑问词+to do sth 联合可以做tell,know,ask,learn, teach,后做宾语 尤其注意： how to do
7、 it /that .或者what to do 做宾语补足语 want sb to do sth ,would like sb to do sth . 做表语 My wish is to become a teacher in the future. 做状语 目的状语：to do sth =in order to do sth 位于句首，句中。so as to do sth ,不可位于句首 结果状语 常和only 连用； 原因状语 ：be +adj+ to do sth 12)for example 可以位于句首，句中，句尾。常用逗号与正文隔开。Something about Endland,
8、for example. 且它后可以是句子，短语，或名词，代词 。 such as 仅加名词或代词。且=like 13)语法：动词ing形式做主语,做定语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语。俄 14)memorize 记忆指有意识的下功夫的记下=learn by heart； remember 无意识的回忆某事也可指主观努力去记忆 15）help sb with sth /help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事 16）以ing 结尾的形容词 说明事物或者人的性质和特征；以ed结尾的形容词 说明人的状态 boring ：令人厌烦的； interesting ：令人感兴趣的 bored ：厌烦的 in
9、terested ：感兴趣的 17）动词a)系动词其后加adj做表语 感官动词 sound feel smell taste look 保持 stay keep remain 变得 get become go grow turn Be 动词 似乎好像 seem b) 实义动词及物动词 ：直接加宾语 不及物动词 ：加介词加宾语 c)助动词 be have has did do dose d)情态动词 must should shall will can coule may might 18)现在完成进行时：have /has been doing sth 动作发生在过去并一直持续到现在 很有可能
10、一直进行下去 常和 for +时间段 或者since +时间点或者一般过去时的句子 连用 19)see /watch /notice /look at/ listen to /hear sb doing sth ；see /watch /notice /look at/ listen to /hear sb do sth 20)sometimes ：有时候，偶尔 sometime ：某一点时间 some times ：一些次数，倍数 some time ：一段时间 21)find +n/代词+adi 发现n /代是.的 eg：I found the baby sleepy. find +n/代
11、词+doing 发现n /代正在做 eg：She found her mother cooking in the kitchen . find +it+adj+to do sth 发现做某事是.的 eg：They find it easy to learn English well. 22)however，副词。然而，可是 可以放在句首，句中，句尾，且必有逗号和句子隔开。however 还有无论如何， 不1 管怎么样 however +adj/adv +主+谓！ However it is cold ,she always goer swimming，but 连词，无需逗号与句子隔开。 23）
12、have fun with sth / have fun (in) doing sth 高兴得做某事 fun 为不可数的名词 24）have a conversation with sb 和某人进行交谈25）not .at all 根本不 not at all 没有关系 26) end up doing sth 最终做了某事 end up with 以结束 Sectiong B spoken English 口语英语 English speaking 说英语的 make mistakes in /about 在.方面犯错误 mistake A for B 错把A 当作Bget +n/代词+ad
13、j 使n /代词.的 get sb to do sth 使某人做某事 get +n/代词+done 使n /代词被. forget /remember to do sth 忘记/记得要去做某件事Dont forgot to close the door when you leave !.别忘了锁门，当你离开的时候forget /remember doing sth 忘记/记得做过的事情 I remembered finishing the task. 我记得完成了任务 why dont you do sth =why not do sth = how/what about doing sth
14、5) join :表示加入并成为其中一员，其后加组织名词或者人称代词 join in : 加n或者doing 加入但并不一定是其中的一分子 take part in :参加群众性的活动或者会议、考试等。并在活动中起一定的作用。 其中：take an active part in 表示积极参加 6) learn to do sth 学习去做某事 learn sth from sb 从某人那里学习了 ；learnby heart 背 7) first of all: 首要，最重要的，常用在列举事例的首项前。at first : 起先，开始，常指动作 8) to begin with =firstl
15、y 首先，第一 ，begin with ,以开始 9) latet on，常用在句子中作状语，可以放在句首，句尾。用在一般过去时和一般将来时中 later 表示后来，过后。其前常与数词连用。two days later,两天后 10) afraid 表语形容词 be afraid of sth 害怕某事/某物 Most of girls are afraid of dogs. -be afraid to do sth 害怕去做某事 She is afraid to stay at home alone . -be afraid of doing sth 唯恐做某事 Dont be afraid
16、 of asking for help -be afaid that 从句 恐怕 I am afraid that he comes here 11) laugh at 嘲笑，对而笑 12) decide to do /that . 决定做 They decided to buy a new car =They decided that they would buy a new car decide wh-开头的从句=decide wh-+to do sth We cant decide when to leave=We cant decide when we should leave. de
17、cide on sth 决定某事 13) 也too,放在肯定句句尾 either ，放在否定句句尾 also ,放在句中 solution to /of /for的解决，解答 14) be impressed with /by 被.感动 eg : I am impressed with his kindness.我被他的善良感动。 15) have trouble /difficult/ problemsdoing sth.做某事有困难。 16) try to do sth 尽量去做某事 -try not to do sth 尽量不去做某事 17) try doing sth 尝试着做某事 Y
18、ou should try eating more fruit. try onee best to do sth 尽某人最大的努力做某事 We should try our best to fininsh our task. try on 试穿. have a try 试一试 Selfcheck and reading 1) write down =put down 写下put down 还有把放下 look up 查阅 look into 调查look for 寻找 take notes 做笔记，做记录make up 由组成 ；编造；弥补； 代词放中间，名词放在中间或后边 2) a +序数词
19、+n 表示又一个；再一个 3) around the world=across the world=around the world 遍及世界 4) help sb do sth=help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 help oneself to +食物，随便吃点. with the help of sb=with sbs help 在某人的帮助下,该短语在句之中做状语 5) deal with- 处理. 用how,来提问 强调处理的过程. How do you deal with this problem. do with - 处理. 用what,来提问 强调处理的结果. Wh
20、at do you do with this problem. - 想要 与can /could 连用 Can you do with a tea?你想要一杯茶吗？ - 与有关 常与have to 连用 I think he has something to do with you.我觉得他有些事与你又关。 6) unless=if.not除非,如果不.,引导条件状语从句，遵守主将从现的原则。 I will not go unless I am invited by her.= I will not go if I am not invited by her 7) regard as(as 为
21、介词) eg: I regarded him an my best friend regards 名词 致意，问候 eg: Please give my regards to your parents. 2 as regards ,位于句首，做介词短语，加名词、代词、动名词或what的从句. 8) instead:副词.放在句首或句尾 . instead of 介词短语，其后加名词代词或动词ing. 9) worry about=be worried about担心，担忧；each other 彼此 ，one another 也是彼此。 10) be angry with=be mad at
22、其后都加人，表示生某人的气be angry at/about 生某事的气，其后加名词或者从句. be angry for 因为而生气. go by ,不及物动词短语. Time goes by.时光飞逝. . 11) 过去分词做定语放在名词的后面，代词的前面.过去分词短语必放在名词和代词的后面.过去分词和被修饰的成分之间是被动的关系。 否定动词不定式=not to do sth. 12) complain about /of 抱怨.,对不满. 13) too much +不可数名词 too many +不可数名词 much too +形容词或副词 14) be strict with sb对某
23、人要求严格，be strict at sth.在某事上要求严格。 15) changeinto，把转变成.,变成 Eg: We can change ice into water by heating.我们能把冰转换成水通过加热。 help名词，with the help of sb=with sbs help 在某人的帮助下 -动词，help sb do sth=help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 16) think of 思考；考虑 ；想起；认为 think about 思考；考虑 think out 想出 17) compare A to B 把 A 比作B We ofte
24、n compare teachers to candles.我们通常把老师比作 compare A with B,把A 和B 做对比 They often compared my handwriting with my father 18) let sb do sth,让某人做某事；let sb not do sth 让某人不要做某事 Unit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark Sectiong A 1）used to do sth 过去常常做某事 eg: I used to be afraid of the dark.我过去常常害怕黑暗 used to be
25、 +名词短语，形容词 eg : I used to be a student.我过去是一个学生。 I used to be lovely.我过去是可爱的. 否定:didnt use to do sth/didnt used to be eg: I didnt used to be afraid of the dark 反意疑问形式: used to do sth ,didnt +主语 eg: He used to be afraid of the dark,didnt he? used to do sth, usednt +主语eg: He used to be afraid of the d
26、ark,usednt he be used to do sth=be used for doing sth 被用来做 eg: The tool is used to paint the wall.= The tool is used for painting the wall. be used to doing sth ,习惯于做某事 eg: I am used to washing my face with the cold water.我习惯用冷水洗脸。 afraid 表语形容词 be afraid of sth 害怕某事/某物 Most of girls are afraid of do
27、gs. -be afraid to do sth 害怕去做某事 She is afraid to stay at home alone . -be afraid of doing sth 唯恐做某事 Dont be afraid of asking for help -be afaid that 从句 恐怕 I am afraid that he comes here 1) 否定的一般疑问句，。翻译成: 难道不回答a)yes, 不，b)no, 是的， Havent you ever studied with your friends?yes ,I have.Ive learnt a lot t
28、hat way. 难道你没有和你的朋友们学习过吗？不，我学习过.通过那种方法学习到很多. Dont you remember me?Yes,I do. /No,I dont.难道你不记得我了吗？不，我记得.是的，我记得 2) be interested in=take an interst in 对感兴趣，其主语为人. 3) play +球、棋、牌； play+ the +乐器；play播放 4) on the swim team,在游泳队 5) People sure change.人们确实在变. 其中sure 是副词=certainly sure 做形容词 常用句型-be sure to
29、do sth 有把握做某事 ；I am sure to pass the exam. -be sure that 确信I am sure that he will come in a monent. -be sure of sth. 相信，确信某件事 I am sure of it. make sure :确保，Make sure that the door is closed. 6) Here is a list of things that many people are afraid of here 等地点副词或地点状语位于句首是，主语和谓语的位置颠倒。 Here comes a bus
30、. 车来了！ In the front of our classroom standed a old man.一个老人站在我们教室的前面。 但是这种情况的主语是名词，如果是代词，则不颠倒主语和谓语的位置。 In the front of our classroom she standed. alone :单独的，表示一个人的.只能做表语 lonely :孤独的，表示心灵上的寂寞.它作定语时是人迹罕至的，偏僻的意思。 3 lone :孤独的，无伴的。可以做定语. 7) in front of :在的前面；in the front of : 在内部的前面 8) be afraid /terrifi
31、ed of 害怕 I am afraid /terrified of being alone. be terrified at 因为看到/听到而害怕 9) with +宾语+宾语补足语，或者to do sth）在句子中做状语 eg: I went to the bedroom with the light on. It was so hot that we slept with all the windows open all night. With you to help us, we are sure to finish the work on time . With a boy lead
32、ing the way, they started towards the village With the problems solved, we all felt very happy. go to sleep 去睡觉, on TV.在电视上 section B 1) hate doing sth 讨厌做某事；hate to do sth 讨厌做某事 2) have to具有客观性，有各种时态的变化；must 具有主观性，只能用在一般现在时和一般过去时 注意：两者在时态范围允许的情况下，可以互换使用。 Eg: I have to get up early to catch the earl
33、y train；I must learn more English. 3) take the +交通工具+to +地点=go to +地点+by+交通工具 Eg :I go to school by bus everyday= I take the bus to school every day. 类似转换: walk to=go to on foot ； drive to=go to by car 4) chew gum嚼口香糖 all the time一直 5) 表语丛句系动词后面由that ,who ,when ,where,which,why ,wether ,as if 引导的句子
34、一定要用陈述语序 that在表语从句中不可以省掉 eg: He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago； His suggestion is that we should stay calm 6) busybe busy doing sth=be busy with sth 忙于做某事 eg: He was busy with doing his work=He was busy with his work. 7) so much +不可数名词/ so many+可数名词复数 /so little +不可数名in school =at sch
35、ool 在求学中 8) 花费的句型 It takes sb +时间段+to do sth Sb spend +时间段或者金钱+doing sth. Sb spend +时间段或者金钱+on sth Sth cost sb +时间段或者金钱 Eg:It took her ten hours to write the article.她花费了10个小时去写这篇文章。 She spent ten hours in writing the article.或者She spent ten hours on the article. The book costed her 10 yuan 9) all 1
36、）所有的，全部的 eg: all the students所有的学生 all the milk 所有的牛奶 2）整个的eg: all day=the whole day一整天阿 10) not any more=no more=stop doing sth指动作行为不再重复或者发生 eg : They dont use animals to do farm work any more.=They no more use animals to do farm work. They stop using animals to do farm work.他们不再用动物去做农场工作。 notany l
37、onger=no longer =stop being Eg:I am not young any longer=I am on long young=I stop being young.我不再年轻. 11) chat with /to sb about sth 和某人聊某事 eg :After class,I like chatting with my friends on the internet. 12) hardly ever/hardly 几乎不 副词 但是注意如有hardly 后面有any 或者a ,any 不能改为some there were hardly any peopl
38、e in the square yesterday.昨天广场上几乎没有任何人。. 13) miss 想念 思念 错过 miss doing sth 错过做某事 14) in the last few years 在过去的几年里=in the past few years 15) mind 介意 多用在疑问、否定和条件句中 常接动词ing 形式 mind 的一般疑问 时 回答用yes / of course /certainly 等为介意的意思 no / of course not /certainly not 为不介意 Would you mind waitting a minute? No
39、./yes 你介意在等一会儿吗？不介意/介意 Do you mind if I open the door?你介意我打开门吗？ mind sbs doing sth 介意某人作某事，eg :I minded his behaving as a doctor. mind 作名词为思想的意思 have mind to do sth 有做某事的想法 make up ones mind to do sth,下定决心去做某事 Selfcheck and reading 1) make :使；让 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 eg:He always made his friends lau
40、gh. 4 . make +n/代词+adj 使某人的 eg:The good news made us happy. make +n/代词+done 使n/代词被 eg: She raised her voice to make herself heard 2) stressed out 形容词短语 紧张的 疲惫的 常为短语: be /get stressed out 3) worry about =be worried about 担忧；担心 grow my hair long留长我的头发 4) seem 系动词-似乎，好像 a) 其后+adj eg:She always seems sa
41、d.她总是似乎很悲伤。 b) Sb.seem to do sth=it seems that sb do sth 似乎做某事 Eg:They seem to be able to do the work.= It seems that they are able to the work.看上去他们能完成这个工作. c) There seems to be 看起来好像有，似乎有 5) cause 动词 造成，使发生(通常指引起不好的结果) -不可数名词 原因 理由 辨析: cause 起因，后接介词of eg:The cause of accident was that he drove too
42、 fast. reason 决定做某件事的理由 eg:The reason that he was late is that he got up late. excuse :借口，可以是真的，也可以是假的.eg:He made a good excuse for his fast driving. 6) trouble-麻烦 ;不可数名词 常用词组: in trouble 在麻烦中 out of trouble 摆脱麻烦 7) change ones life.改变了某人的生活. 8) give sb sth=give sth to sb.给某人某物 其中，give sb sth ,其中sb和
43、sth 为双宾语 类似的还有 show .sent ,buy 9) death 死 为名词扩展-dead 形容词 做表语和定语 强调死的状态 have been dead+for +时间段 表示已经死了. =die+一段时间+ago 多久以前死了eg:He has been dead for ten years,but his wife always missed him. -die 瞬间动词 不和时间段连用 -dying 为die的ing 形式，它可以做形容词使用 翻译为，垂死的，要死的，可以放在名词的前面做定语或者系动词的后边做表语。 Eg:The dying solider wanted
44、 to look at his country.垂死的士兵想要看看他的祖国 The dog is dying .狗要死了！ 10) 形容词比较级和最高级: 比较级 最高级 单音节形容词 直接+er +est 辅音加y的形容词 去y+ier +iest 重读闭音节双写尾辅 +er +est 双音节和多音节的形容词 在其前+more 变比较级 ; +most变最高级 特殊变化 good/well better - best ill/bad-worse-worst much/many-more-most far-farther-farthest 注意形容词的比较级可以有副词much,a lot ,a
45、 little ,rather ,even ,stil,a bit 等放在其前来修饰 Eg:Martins life is much more difficult. 11) afford 买得起,负担的起 常为:be able to/can afford sth能够负担的起某物 eg:He can afford an apartment.他能买得起一栋房子。 be able to /can afford to do sth.它能够负担的起做某事 eg:He is able to afford to go abroad.他能过负担起出国。 12) pay for+sth,为某物付钱；pay 钱for 物-为某物付钱 13) look after=take care of 照顾，有关look的词组 look through 浏览；look into 调查，往里看 look for 寻找 ;look
