初中英语单词联想趣味词根法谐音法组合法记忆.docx

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1、初中英语单词联想趣味词根法谐音法组合法记忆初中英语单词记忆 I、分类记忆法 II、构词记忆法 III、联想记忆法 IV、同义词近义词记忆法 V、反义词记忆法 VI、形近字记忆法 一、分类记忆法 名词 星期(week) Monday、Tuesday、Wednesday、Thursday、Friday、Saturday、Sunday 月份(month) January、February、March、April、May、June、July、August、September、October、November、December 季节(season) spring、summer、autumn、winter

2、 时间(time) second、minute、hour、day、night、week、month、year、century 国家(country) China(中国)、Japan、England(英国)、India、Canada、America / the United States(美国)、Australia、Germany、Russia、France 大洲 Asia、Africa、America、Europe 方位(direction) east、south、west、north、left、right 交通工具(transport) bike / bicycle、bus、car、jeep

3、、train、ship、plane 饮食(meal) breakfast、lunch、supper、dinner、snack、picnic 米面及肉类食品 rice、porridge、dumpling、 noodle、meat、beef、mutton、chicken、egg 水果(fruit) Apple、banana、pear、orange、strawberry 蔬菜(vegetable) tomato、potato、carrot、cabbage、onion零食(snack) chocolate、hamburger、cake、bread、mooncake、 ice cream、cheese、

4、salad、 dessert、candy、biscuit、pie、cheese 饮料(drink) juice、milk、tea、green tea、coffee 调料 butter、sauce、sugar、salt 学习用品 pen、pencil、eraser、ruler、knife 颜色(color) red 红色、yellow黄色、blue蓝色、green绿色、black黑色、white白色、orange橙黄色、brown棕色、褐色、pink粉红色、purple紫色、gray灰色 衣着 clothes、hat、shirt、T-shirt、coat、raincoat、uniform、ski

5、rt、dress、trousers、pants、jeans、shorts、sock、shoe 科目(subject) Chinese、math、English、history、geography、biology、physics、chemistry、P.E. 身体部位(body) head、hair、neck、eye、nose、mouth、tooth、ear、face、arm、hand、finger、heart、back、knee、leg、foot 亲属 father、mother、parents、grandfather / grandpa、grandmother / grandma、grand

6、parents、brother、sister、cousin堂兄弟、堂姐妹、husband、妻子、son、daughter、uncle、aunt 动物(animal) lion、tiger、elephant、camel、cow、pig、fox、snake、duck、chicken、hen、bird、rabbit、panda、deer、giraffe、sheep、fish、ant、mouse (mice) / rat、dog、cat、monkey、pig 职业 teacher、doctor、nurse、policeman、policewoman、reporter、shop assistant、ba

7、nk clerk、waiter、scientist、student、farmer、fisherman、cook、barber 公共场所 shop / store、bank、hospital、police station、TV station、stop、cinema、theater、hotel、restaurant、factory、company、market、supermarket、museum、post office、school、airport、church 学校 primary school、middle school、junior high school、senior high sch

8、ool、university 房间(room) livingroom、bedroom、bathroom、kitchen 宇宙 sun、moon、star、earth、sky、air、rain、cloud、wind、snow 天气 sunny、rainy、cloudy、windy、snowy 运动 basketball、football、volleyball、baseball、tennis、table tennis / ping-pong 乐器 drum、trumpet、piano、violin、guitar 二、构词记忆法 1、合成法 由两个或者两个以上的词合成新词,这种构词法叫做合成法。 c

9、lassroom=class + room, worldwide=world+ wide, downstairs=down+ stairs, friendship= friend+ ship, everywhere= every + where. homework=home + work, housework=house + work, southeast=south + east, underground=under+ ground, schoolbagschool + bag, homelandhome+ land, hometownhome+ town, basketballbasket

10、+ ball, countrysidecountry+ side, playgroundplay+ ground, toothbrushtooth + brush, toothpastetooth + paste, oversleepover + sleep, earthquakeearth+ quake 2、词缀记忆法 前缀 1)un-: ableunable、 comfortableuncomfortable、 crowdeduncrowded、 pleasantunpleasant、 usualunusual、 healthyunhealthy、 happyunhappy、 friend

11、lyunfriendly、 2)dis-: advantagedisadvantage、 coverdiscover、 agreedisagree、 likedislike、 honestdishonest、 playdisplay 3)im-: politeimpolite、 possibleimpossible 4)re-: review、return、rewrite、recycle 5)inter-: interview、international、internet 6)en- encourage、endanger 后缀 1)-or / -er: actor、visitor、collec

12、tor、translator、director、singer、teacher、reader、writer、foreigner、learner、villager、winner、foreigner、owner、lawlawyer、 特例:postposter、 drawdrawer、 elevateelevator、 equalequator、 cookcookcooker、 flower、finger、slipper、helicopter、refrigerator、calculator 2)-ist: sciencescientist、 artartist、 tourtourist、 terro

13、rist 3)-tion: predictprediction、 competecompetition、 inviteinvitation、 inventinvention instructinstruction attendattention、 describedescription、 attractattraction、 pollutepollution、 donatedonation、 organizeorganization、 pronounce pronunciation 4)-ment: develop(v.发展)development、 advertiseadvertisemen

14、t、 entertainentertainment、 improveimprovement、 argueargument、 statestatement、 requirerequirement、 government 5)-ture / -ure picture、temperature、future、structure、creature、pressure、pleasure 6)-th truetruth、breath、birth 7)-ful: successsuccessful、 wonderwonderful、 colorcolorful、 beautybeautiful、 carecar

15、eful、 peacepeaceful、 playplayful 8)-less: carecareless、 helphelpless、 homehomeless 9)-y: funfunny、 healthhealthy、 sleepsleepy、 tastetasty、 lucklucky、 shiny、sleepy、guilty、salty 特例: photography、energy 10)-al: naturenatural、 nationnational、 personpersonal、 medicinemedical、 normal、final 11)-able: comfor

16、table、knowledgeable、adjustable、suitable 12)-ous delicious、nervous、enormous 13)-ern: eastern、western、southern、northern 14)-ly: 作形容词后缀时:lovely、friendly、lively、daily 作副词后缀时:usually、simply、probably、really、quickly、slowly、certainly、clearly、extremely、gradually、strongly、exactly、normally 15)-ed: surprised、in

17、terested、excited、relaxed、worryworried、annoyed、 embarrassed、organized、injured、tired、spotted、endangered、polluted 16)-ing: 形容词后缀: interesting、exciting、outstanding、 amazing、disappointing、following、 willing、fascinating、frustrating、embarrassing、tiring、confusing、convincing、thrilling、misleading 名词后缀: buildi

18、ng、training、meaning、ending 附:国家、地区加后缀后表示“民族、语言或所属国家、地区的” ChinaChinese中国人、汉语、中国的 JapanJapanese日本人、日语、日本的 EnglandEnglishman英国人、英国男人 Englishwoman英国女人 English英语,英国的 the English总称英国人 AmericaAmerican美国/洲人、美国语、美国的 AustraliaAustralian澳大利亚人、澳大利亚的 IndiaIndian印第安人、印第安语、印度的、印第安人的 RussiaRussian俄国人、俄国的 CanadaCana

19、dian加拿大人、加拿大的 FranceFrench法语、法国的 the French总称法国人 Frenchman法国男人 Frenchwoman法国女人 GermanyGerman德语、德国的 AsiaAsian亚洲人、亚洲的 AfricaAfrican非洲人、非洲的 EuropeEuropean欧洲人、欧洲的 3、转化法 一个单词由一种词类转化为另一种词类,这种构词法教转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义密切联系。 showshow, waterwater, slowslow, walktake a walk, resttake a rest, lookhave a look, st

20、orestore, graduategraduate, tastetaste, soundsound, lightlight, studystudy, smellsmell, emptyempty, foolfool, kidkid, landland, displaydisplay, smilesmile, wastewaste, locklock, bookbook, 4、缩写和简写 telephonephone,airplaneplane,laboratorylab,advertisementad,examinationexam,mathematicsmath,photograghpho

21、to,veterinarianvet、refrigeratorrefrige,televisionTV 三、同义近义词记忆法 answerreply,reachget toarrive at/in,beginstart,fastquick,questionproblem,healthyfit, voicesound,tourtrip,bicyclebike、oftenusually,illsick,ratmouse,trashlitterrubbishgarbage,possibleprobable,veryquite、shopstore,cleversmart,holidayvacation

22、,cutelovelyareadistrict,filmmovie,look aftertake care ofcare for,photophotogragh,rightcorrect,impoliterude,termsemester,pursewallet,disappointingfrustrating,fixrepairmend,fleeescaperun away,smokesnake,themetopic,perhapsprobably,chanceopportunity,companyfirm,shakequake 四、反义词记忆法 manwoman,boygirl,miste

23、rmadam,waiterwaitress,policethief,beforeafter,bigsmall,easydifficult,askanswer,borrowreturn,drywet,earlylate,birthdeath,coldhot,coolwarm,carefulcareless,safedangerous,buysell,cheapexpensive,youngold,newold,hungryfull,strongweak,busyfree,laughcry,possibleimpossible,losefind,longshort,tallshort,highlo

24、w,rightwrong,fatthin,updown,likedislike,lovehate,savewaste,acceptrefuse,lightheavy,firstlast,takebring,interestingboring,awakeasleep,richpoor,healthyill,ancientmodern,quickslow,positivenegative,pushpull,beautifulugly,quietnoisy,succeedfail,cleandirty,samedifferent,fullhungry,fullempty,adultchild,hug

25、etiny,nativeforeign,wait in linecut in line,out of stylein style,softhard,hard-workinglazy,acceptrefuse 五、形近词记忆法 aloudcloud,bandbank,betterletter,bedred,boxfox,carrymarry,talkwalk,fromform,meatmeet,sheshy,planplay,kindking,handhang,willwish,wastetaste,hearheart,causecourse,treetrue,soonmoon,listlist

26、en,numberNovember,futurefurniture,inviteinvent,boytoy,birdbridge,imaginemagazine,ringking, sweepsweet,ruleruler,readyalready,quitequiet,moneymonkey,bankblank,taketape,movemovie,speedspeech,shirtshort,thirdtired,salesafe,doorfloor,kitchenchicken,tomatopotato,eightheight,placepalacethroughthough,washw

27、ish,dreamdrum,restrestaurant,cupcut,watchmatch,sandstand,programprogress,milemilk,failmail,beltleft,readbread,excuseexercise,starstay,teateam,strictdistrict,againagainst,barkdarkpark,rocksock,partypartner,cameracomedy,shoeshow,towertowel,deardeal,dresspress,roofroot,specialspecific,flyfry,dreamcream

28、, rushbrush,chessless,bowbowl,bridgeporridge,stationsituation,killskill,memberremember,fleefree,campcalm,bigpig,petvet,popularpopulation,squarequarter,complainexplain,lazycrazy,shallshell,garagegarbage,skinsink,scoopspoon,middleriddle,staffstuff,cheercheese,glueblue,catchfetch,planeplanet,purposepur

29、se,smilesimilar,pietie,leftlift,tennet,hatchat 六、联想记忆法 1、添减字母联想法 allcallfallhallmalltallwall, eardearfearhearnearpearwearyearclearearlyearth, eatbeatheatmeatseat, oldcoldgoldhold, illhillkilltillwill, andbandhandlandsand, everfeverneverseveral, icemicenicerice, finelinemineninewine, airhairpairchair

30、, ourfourhourpoursourtour, atcatfathat, nowknowsnow, daylaymaypaysayway, costlostmostpost carcardcarecarrotscarf, findkindmindwind, cakelakemaketakewake, getletpetwet, fightlightnightrightbrightflight 2、谐音联想法 coffee、hamburger、chocolate、sofa、tofu、sandwich、salad、guitar、shark 3、形象联想法 形象联想法,寓有形于无形,变有限为无

31、限。只要充分发挥我们的大脑想象力,则记忆英语单词只如囊中探物。 如“menu”一词,由“men”和“u”两部分构成,我们把“men”想象成一群男人,把“u”想象成酒杯,接着,我们结合“menu”的意思联想出那么一个画面:一群男人拿着菜单在一边喝酒一边点着菜。这样一来,这个单词你永生难忘了吧? 再如这两个书写上容易混淆的单词:snake和snack。我们不妨这样联想:一条蛇正在吃着快餐。而蛇的单词后面是ke,在汉语中可以发“渴”音,而在蛇与快餐中,只有蛇才会口“渴”,这样一来,就不再会把这两个单词混淆了。 附录:一、不规则形容词副词比较级与最高级 原级 good/well better best

32、 bad/badly worse worst ill worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther farthest furthest furthest 二、不规则名词复数形式 单复数同形的名词 ChineseChinese,JapaneseJapanese,deerdeer,sheepsheep, fishfish 单复数不同形的名词 childchildren,footfeet,toothteeth,manmen,womanwomen,GermanGermans,mousemice 附:以f(e)结尾的单词,一般

33、变f为v,再加es或s 。如: wifewives, knifeknives, wolfwoves, thiefthieves, shelfshlves, oneselfoneselves, lifelives, halfhalves, leafleaves等,我们不妨用一首诗把这几个词记下来 : 妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌; 躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。 特例:roof其复数形式为roofs;等等。 三、不规则动词表 1、过去式与过去分词与动词原形相同的动词 beat beat beat/beaten cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit hu

34、rt hurt hurt let let let put put put read read read 2、 原单词中字母i改为a即可变为其过去式和过去分词的动词 babysit babysat babysat sit sat sat 3、 原单词中字母i改为a即可变为其过去式,字母i改为u即可变为其过去分词的动词 begin began begun drink drank drunk ring rang rung sing sang sung swim swam swum 4、 原单词aw/ow改为ew即可变为其过去式,单词后面加上字母n即可变为其过去分词的动词 draw drew draw

35、n grow grew grown know knew known 5、 原单词eep改为ept即可变为其过去式和其过去分词的动词 keep kept kept sleep slept slept sweep swept swept 6、 原单词end改为ent即可变为其过去式和其过去分词的动词 lend lent lent spend spent spent send sent sent 7、 过去式和过去分词以aught/ought结尾的动词 bring brought brought buy bought bought catch caught caught fight fought f

36、ought think thought thought teach taught taught 8、 过去式与过去分词同样的动词 build built built feed fed fed feel felt felt find found found hang hung hung hanged hanged have/has had had hear heard heard hold held held lay laid laid learn learned/learnt learned/learnt leave left left lose lost lost make made made mean meant meat meet met met pay paid paid say said said show spell stand tell win 9、 其它特殊记 am/is are bear break do/d

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