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1、初中英语音教学初中英语国际标准音标练习 单元音元音 (20个) 12个 双元音8个 辅音 (28个) 前 元 音(4个) 中 元 音(3个) i: i : e u: s z w r t tr ts h l 后 元 音(5个) : : u 合口双元音(5个) ei u ai au i 集中双元音(3个) i u p b m t d n k g f v j 清 辅 音(11个) 浊 辅 音(17个) d dr dz /i:/ bee/bi:/ feet/fi:t/ keep/ki:p/ key/ki:/ team/ti:m/ meet/mi:t/ /i/ it /it/ big/big/ city
2、/siti/ give/giv/ sick/sik/ /e/ get/get/ best/best/ text/tekst/ help/help/ / fat/ft/ have/hv/ cat/kt/ back/bk/ hat/ht/ /a:/ laugh/la:f/ glass/gla:s/ half/ha:f/ farm/fa:m/ park/pa:k/ / :/ horse/h: s/ saw/s:/ corn/k:n/ course/k:s/ salt/s:t/ / / dog/dg/ pot/pt/ cost/kst/ what/wt/ honest/nist/ /u:/ food/
3、fu:d/ moon/mu:n/ rule/ru:l/ loose/lu:s/ noon/nu:n/ /u/ book/buk/ put/put/ good/gud/ would/wud/ could/kud/ / / must/mst/ does/dz/ money/mni/ ugly/gli/ come/km/ /:/ nurse/n:s/ bird/b:d/ burn/b:n/ turn/t:n/ girl/g:l/ / / better/bet/ never/nev/ worker/w:k/ welcome/welkm/ /ei/ may/mei/ name/neim/ game/ge
4、im/ eight/eit/ age/eid/ /u/ no/nu/ home/hum/ hope/hup/ wrote/rut/ note/nut/ pose/puz/ /ai/ eye/ai/ time/taim/ buy/bai/ right/rait/ bike/baik/ kite/kait/ /au/ now/nau/ out/aut/ how/hau/ about/ baut/ south/sau/ house/haus/ /i/ boy/bi/ toy/ti/ noise/niz/ voice/vis/ point/pint/ coin/kin/ /i/ ear/i/ near
5、/ni/ idea/aidi/ hear/hi/ mere/mi/ spear/spi/ / air/ tear/t/ care/k/ dare/d/ fair/f/ there/ /u/ tour/tu/ poor/pu/ sure/u/ moor/mu/(停泊) your/ju/ /p/ pea/pi:/ pie/pai/ top/tp/ cap/kp/ people/pi:pl/ pride/praid/ /b/ bee/bi:/ by/bai/ buy/bai/ black/blk/ bear/b/ /t/ let/let/ sat/st/ feet/fi:t/ team/ti:m/
6、tide/taid/ 1 /d/ led/led/ sad/sd/ feed/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/di/ /k/ lack/lk/ take/teik/ clock/klk/ class/kla:s/ weekend/wi:kend/ /g/ big/big/ lag/lg/ glass/gla:s/ gum/gm/ good/gud/ guest/gest/ /f/ face/feis/ fast/fa:st/ leaf/li:f/ surf/s:f/ favorite/feivrit/ /v/ very/veri/ five/faiv/ fever/fi:v/ serve
7、/s:v/ never/nev/ / bath/ba:/(v洗澡) thick/ik/ mouth/mau/ breath/bre/(n呼吸) thought/:t/ author/ truth/tru:/ / the/ / they/ei/ that/t/ mother/m/ thus/ s/ then/en/ /s/ face/feis/ mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/ caps/kps/ likes/laiks/ stops/stps/ /z/ close/kluz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/biz/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/ /t/ c
8、atch/kt/ cheep/ti:p/ rich/rit/ watch/wt/ child/taild/ question/kwestn/ teach/ti:t/ challenge/tlind/ /d/ orange/rid/ large/la:d/ juice/du:s/ job/db/ /tr/ tree/tri:/ try/trai/ true/tru:/ trouble/traubl/ track/trk/ /dr/ dry/drai/ dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/drik/ hundred/hndrid/ / she/i:/ sharp/a:p/
9、 fish/fi/ shock/k/ shoe/u:/ / pleasure/ple/ measure/me/ television/telivin/ /ts/ lets/lets/ sports/sp:ts/ puts/puts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/ /dz/ hands/hndz/ birds/b:dz/ friends/freindz/ beds/bedz/ stands/stndz/ /h/ he/ hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/ heard/h:d/ half/ha:f/ /l/ like/laik/ late/leit/ lear
10、n/l:n/ lead/li:d/ light/lait/ /m/ my/mai/ more/m:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ mind/maind/ men/men/ /n/ nice/nais/ wind/waind/ mind/maind/ rain/rein/ fine/fain/ / sing/si/ wing/wi/ ring/ri/ long/l/ beautiful/bju:tfl/ /j/ you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/ja:d/ music/mju:zik/ student/stju:dnt/ excuse/ikskju:z/ /w/ w
11、ork/w:k/ way/wei/ well/wel/ what/wt/ twelve/twelv/ twin/twin/ /r/ red/red/ road/rud/ write/rait/ wrong/r/ problem/prblm/ 2 音标综合练习 1./i:/ /i/ /e/ / /bit/ /wi:k/ /di:l/ /ril/ /kid/ /dig/ /kwik/ /tip/ /zip/ /rid/ /wil/ /fil/ bit week deal real kid dig quick tip zip rid will fill /pet/ /pk/ /gp/ /kg/ /n
12、g/ /rm/ /btl/ /sed/ /hpi/ /ten/ /red/ pet pack gap cap nag ram battle said happy ten red /setl/ /tr/ /dipend/ settle trash depend 2./a:/ / :/ / / /u:/ /u/ /a:sk/ /ma:sk/ /pa:st/ /fra:ns/ /d/ /l:n/ /n:t/ /p:z/ /fks/ /sk/ ask mask past France odd lawn naught pause fox sock /fa:/ /la:d / /ma:k/ /l:d/ /
13、t:/ /st:m/ /pt/ /krp/ /t/ /prmis/ far large mark Lord torch storm pot crop thought promise /huk/ /lu:s/ /sut/ /tuk/ /mud/ /ru:/ /pul/ /wud/ hook loose soot took mood through pull wood 3./ / / /bz/ /dl/ /hri/ /glf/ /trbl/ /:n/ /s:f/ /t:n/ /beg/ /tk/ buss dull hurry gulf trouble earn surf turner begge
14、r tuck /k:b/ /:k/ /merik / /sk/ /kmp/ /svei/ /pveid/ /phps/ curb irk America soccer camper survey pervade perhaps /b:lesk/ /m:d/ burlesque murder 3./ei/ /u/ /ai/ /au/ /i/ /keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /prpuz/ /mun/ /stun/ /uv/ /sait/ kape great main propose motion stone over sight /raim/ /daut/ /taipist/ /a
15、ust/ /mist/ /ist/ rhyme doubt typist oust moist oyster 4./i/ / /u/ /vi/ /f/ /d/ /sk/ /bun/ /gud/ /rurl/ /pi/ /klmbi/ veer affair dare scare bourn gourd rural appear Colombia 3 /mtiril/ /mistiris/ material mysterious 5./ / /mn/ /i:f/ /t/ /n/ /fei/ /tge/ /k/ /mselvz/ month thief that than faith togeth
16、er thank themselves 元音音素： /i:/ /I/ /e/ / /:/ / / /a:/ / /:/ /u/ /u:/ /eI/ /aI/ /I/ /u/ /au/ /I/ / /u/ 辅音音素： /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ /f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ 4 / / / / /h/ /r/ /t/ /d/ /tr/ /dr/ /ts/ /dz/ /m/ /n/ / /l/ /w/ /j/ 所谓浊音，就是声带要振动的音；轻音就是发出了但声带却不振动的音 所有的元音都是浊音，声带都要振动。 1关于语音的几个概念 1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e,
17、i(y), o, u, 2)音标：词的语音形式。 3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。 4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple, student, teacher, understand 5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。 6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。 7)开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike ;b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi 8)闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it 9)重
18、读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 2. 元音：(注意：下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标) 1)i: sea, he, see, piece, ceiling 2)i sit, build, miss, myth 3)e bed, desk, head, 4) bad, land, bank, stamp 5)a: car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt 6) hot, want 7) : door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught 8)u: good, who, blue, soup
19、, 9)u look, put, women, could 10) cup, come, blood, rough 5 11): girl, work, serve, nurse 12) cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday 13)ei cake, they, play, eight, great, 14)ai bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye 15)u phone, cold, boat, soul, grow 16)au house, tow
20、n 17)i boy, oil 18)i dear, idea, deer, here, fierce, 19) pear, care, there, fair 20)u tour, poor, 3. 容易混淆的元音 1)e bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land 2)i: ei real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid 3)e ai bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide 4)au : house horse; loud lord; south sauce;
21、 now nor; count corn; cloud clause 5)au found fond; gown gone; down don 4. 辅音 1)p pen, 2)b bed, comb 3)t tell, 4)d, day, played, wanted 5)k cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box 6)g big, go, guess, language 7)m man 8)n nine, knife, autumn 9) bank, uncle, English, sing, 10)l land, world 11)r re
22、ad, write, 12)f five, cough, laugh 13)v voice, of 14) think, 15) this, bathe 16)s sit, miss, science, case, scarf 17)z zoo, close, 18) sure, she, social, nation 19)/ pleasure, 20)h hot, who, hour 21)w wall, what, answer 22)j yes 23)t child, teach, catch 24)d/ joke, bridge, 25)ts boats 26)dz goods 27
23、)tr tree 6 28)dr dream 5. 容易混淆的辅音 1)v w vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well 2)s sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math 3)z closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes 4)n thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang 6. 读音规则 1)重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句) 2)非重读音节 banana, student, today, after,
24、 i orange, secret, evening, very, Monday 7. 特殊读音 1)音的连读：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all 2)失去爆破：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme 3)音的同化：this year, Would you do it? Cant you see it? 8. 重音 1)单词重音 A)双音节词 a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry b)有 a-, be-, de-, r
25、e-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。 about, believe, address, decide, report, condemn, respect, compare, inform, discuss, impress, mistake, enforce, prepare, employ, permit, escape, produce, exclaim,translate c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-
26、, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。 record, record; insult, insult; conduct, conduct; present present; content, content d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词，有两个重音。 outside, retell, well-known, unreal, fifteen, Chinese, pre-war, post-war B)多音节词 a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。difficult, commun
27、ist, family, economy, opportunity,democracy. b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。 carefully, indefinite, comfortable, conductor, according, disturbance, complicated,establishment, c)词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。 courteous,
28、 calligraphy, editorial, historian, periodic, mathematics, experience,sufficient, identify, translation, religious, curiosity, protective d)词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。entertain, employee, mountaineer, Japanese, cigarette 2)句子重音 A) 英语的节奏：-轻-重-轻-或重-轻-重 B) 英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的
29、数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。 C) 实词重读，虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be. D) 实词不重读的特殊情况 a) 实词第二次出现 7 He thinks of that as a child thinks. b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰 I met her in the railway station. c) 代替词 Which book do you want? The small one. d) 感叹词中的 what 和how What a good day it is! Ho
30、w beautiful she is! e) street 在专有名词中 Wangfujing Street. f) this在这些短语中，this morning/afternoon/evening E)虚词重读的特殊情况 a) 情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。 Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can. I dont like you. He isnt a worker. b) 情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时。 They may come this
31、 evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room. c) 介词在句首和句尾。 In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with. d) 引导复合句的连词在句首。 If you wish, Ill visit you. When he comes, Ill tell him. e)反身代词表示强调。 He couldnt come himself. 英语发音连读的规则 连读的条件：相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关，同属一个意群。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读，只需
32、顺其自然地一带而过，不可读得太重，也不可音。(连读符号：) (1)“辅音+元音”型连读 在同一个意群里，如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。 ImanEnglish boy. Itisanold book. Let me havea lookatit. Ms Black worked inanoffice lastyesterday. I calledyou halfanhourago. Putiton, please. Notatall. Please pickitup. (2)“r/re+元音”型连读 如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾
33、，后一个词是以元音开头，这时的r或re不但要发/r/，而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。 Theyre my fatherand mother. I looked forit hereand there. Thereis a football underit. Thereare some books on the desk. 8 Hereis a letter for you. Hereare foureggs. But whereis my cup? Whereare your brotherand sister? 但是，如果一个音节的前后都有字母r，即使后面的词以元音开头，也不能连读。 Th
34、e black clouds are coming nearer and nearer. (3)“辅音+半元音”型连读 英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是/j/开头，此时也要连读。 Thankyou. Nice to meetyou. Didyou get there lateagain? Wouldyou likea cupof tea？ Couldyou help me, please? “音的同化” 常把/d/+/j/读成/dV/，did you听上成了/dIdVu/，would you成了/wudVu/，could you成了/ku
35、dVu/。 (4)“元音+元音”型连读如果前一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。 Iam Chinese. Heis very friendly to me. She wants to studyEnglish. Howand why did you come here? She cant carryit. Itll take you threehours to walk there. The question is tooeasy for him to answer. (5)当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时，意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音
36、出现，也不可连读。 Isit ahat or a cat? Thereisa good book in my desk. Can you speakEnglish or French? Shall we meet ateight or ten tomorrow morning? She opened the door and walkedin. 失去爆破6个爆破音有3对/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/ 失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情况下，只须做出发音的准备，但并不发音，稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。 (1)“爆破音+爆破音”型 6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时，前一个爆破音会失去爆
37、破，即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。 The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now. The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people. Wha(t) time does he get up every morning? This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car. The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too. Were going to work on a farm
38、 nex(t) Tuesday. 9 What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee? Its a very col(d) day, but its a goo(d) day. You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden. I bought a chea(p) book, but its a goo(d) book. (2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音，其后紧跟着某些摩擦音，那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破，而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。 6个爆破音有3对/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/
39、，/g/失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情况下，只须做出发音的准备，但并不发音，稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。 (1)“爆破音+爆破音”型6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时，前一个爆破音会失去爆破，即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。 The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now. The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people. Wha(t) time does he get up every morning? This is an ol(d
40、) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car. The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too. Were going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday. What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee? Its a very col(d) day, but its a goo(d) day. You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden. I bought a chea(p) book, but its a goo(d) book. (2)“
41、爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音，其后紧跟着某些摩擦音，那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破，而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。 Goo(d) morning, Mr. Bell. Goo(d) morning, dear. Uncle Lis fa(c)tory is qui(te) near to the cinema. I wen(t) there alone a(t) nine las(t) night. -Do you know his bi(ke) number? -Sorry, I don(t) know. The forty-firs(t) lesson is qui(te) difficult. Goo(d) luck, Lin Tao 10
