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1、托福写作评分标准中的几个常见错误 为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家整理一些关于托福考试作文的小知识,下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。托福写作评分标准中的几个常见错误1. 词汇失误Example 1: Reading can increase my words, rich my knowledge and enlarge my eyesight。托福写作经验提到这是考生在描述读书的好处，其优点在于在句子结构方面尽力打造排比结构。然而，词汇失误严重影响句子理解和整体效果。“读书可增大词汇量，增长知识，开阔眼界。”本句中词汇失误频繁出现，如：increase，words，rich ;enlarg
2、e my eyesight令人费解。建议可做如下修改：Revised: Reading can enlarge my vocabulary, enrich my knowledge and broaden my horizons。Example 2: Sometimes I play with friends from my school。此句是典型的Chinglish，在中文中，可以说“和朋友玩”，但是不可对应为英文的“play with friends”，其意思是把朋友当成了玩具。play 用作不及物动词时，常接介词 with，表示“玩;玩耍”。例如：The little boy is p
3、laying with a yoyo。Dont play with fire. It is very dangerous。2.用词不当学生们写的作文里或多或少都会有一些用词不当的问题，但是要注意的是一些最最基本的错误是托福作文中不能犯的。In the show, if participators answer twenty problems that the host mentioned correctly, they will get five hundreds thousand U.S. dollars as a prize.problems应改为questions这里的拼写错误不是指在考
4、试时候的误打，而是本身对词汇拼写记忆的错误。In conclusion, issue of whether parents are the best teachers is a complex one, requiring subjective judgement, consequently, there are no easy or certain answers.judgement应改为judgment3.句子层面的常见失误考生在语法方面的错误主要表现为“主谓不一致、可数名词单复数错误、时态错误、限定动词和非限定动词错误”等，这里就不一一赘述了。此外，还有一些句子层面的常见问题值得我们关注
5、，现列举如下：1. Run-on Sentences (串句)串句是不用连词和标点而把两个(或以上)独立的句子串在一起的错误表达。有些串句是不用任何标点间隔两个甚至更多的句子;有些串句是在该用句号时滥用逗号，忽略了英语语言中的逗号本身没有连接句子的功能这一原则。例如：Rita decided to stop smoking she didnt want to die of lung cancer。The exam was postponed the class was canceled as well。修改原则First of all, children can earn money from
6、 their jobs, although there isnt too much, but they will keep their salary gingerliness.这里的gingerliness根本是不知所云。该句子还有以下问题：1)该作文题目是讲学生是否应该做兼职，因此children的出现就显得很莫名其妙;2)although和but是不能连用的;3)指代不明，they不知道是指代前面的什么;4)表达中式The second argument-it might have been noticed by others-is that in some occasion, it is
7、 quite difficult to compare parents to teachers because parents are a kind of people, teachers are a kind of vocation.1、句子中划线部分的表达过于中式化。A。把原句分成两个独立的句子。Rita decided to stop smoking. She didnt want to die of lung cancer。The exam was postponed. The class was canceled as well。B。用并列连词连接两个句子。Rita decided
8、to stop smoking, for she didnt want to die of lung cancer。The exam was postponed, and the class was canceled as well。C。用分号连接两个句子。Rita decided to stop smoking; she didnt want to die of lung cancer。The exam was postponed; the class was canceled as well。2、Fragmentary sentences (破句)破句是把不完整的句子当作独立的子句来写作时
9、发生的错误。常见错误包括：从属连词引起的破句，ing分词和不定式结构引起的错误，增添细节引起的破句和缺少主语的破句。例如：After I arrived in Chicago by bus. I checked into a room. Then I went to a diner to get something to eat。修改原则：改正从属连词引起的破句时，可以把该从句附属于其前或其后某个子句上。也可以去掉破句中的连词。I arrived in Chicago by bus and found a place to stay. Then I went to a diner to get
10、 something to eat。当然，对于其它形式的破句，可以根据不同情况给予改正。如，改正 -ing结构引起的破句时，可以把它附属在其前或其后的某个句子上，可以添加主语，把 -ing形式改变成谓语动词，把being形式改成作谓语的be动词(is, are, was, were, am );改正不定式结构引起的破句时，可以把它附属于前句上;改正添加细节引起的破句时，可以把它附属在前面一个表达完整思想的句子上;可以给破句加上主语和动词使它成为一个独立子句;可以尽可能改变词序，辅以增减词，使破句成为前句的组成部分;改正缺少主语的破句时，可以把它附属于前句上，也可以给破句添加主语(通常是指代前句
11、主语的代词形式)。托福写作it引导句讲解it 引导的句子1. It is hard to imagine what _ would look like without _. 很难想象如果 _ 没有了_，_ 会变成什么样子。Residents in the disasters immediate prompt很难想象如果现代社会没有了计算机，我们的生活会变成什么样子。It is true that _;however, _. 确实_，但是_。确实，年轻人在现代社会中会遇到极具挑战性的困难，但是他们会想尽一切办法去克服。_2. It has been made easier (possible)
12、for somebody to do. 某人很容易做某事现代人很容易通过互联网在几秒钟内就取得联系。_医学的发展使得人们有可能比过去活得长多了。_3. It takes time for somebody to do something 做某事需要多少时间对许多人来说，要适应工作上的较大变动，可能需要很长一段时间。4.It is + 形容词，名词+that(whether)主语从句It is evident (an undeniable fact)that the wide use (popularity) of computers can make lives of modern peopl
13、e convenient.It is unconceivable that_ instead of shifting(switching) it job-hopping. 可想而知(无可争辩)，_。可想而知，积极参加体育活动有利于身体健康。It is conceivable that taking an active part in physical exercises(being physically active) is of benefit to health.无可争辩, 现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冬的痛苦生活。lead a miserable life of starvation
14、and exposure to the cold.It is a controversial issue whether we make friends with the same ideas or with the opposite(opposing) ones . 是否_，这是一个有争议的问题。女性是否应该参军，这是一个有极大争议的问题。It is a highly controversial issue whether women should join the armed forces or not.Is it a blessing or a curse whether _ or no
15、t?It goes without saying that _. 毫无疑问, _.毫无疑问，教育在人的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。_毫无疑问，科技的巨大进步为人类带来了许多好处。_It is understandable(inevitable)that peoples attitudes are divergent on this controversial issue.5. It is+副词(commonly, widely, generally, universally)+过去分词(said, known, believed, held, argued, noted, estimated,
16、accepted, recognized，acknowledged)+that _; however,_.全世界都知道水对人类是不可缺少的。It is universally acknowledged that _field(sector, walk, arena circle); however, they create(yield) adverse impacts on psychological wholesome of children.It is largely (natural) taken for granted that _. _ 是理所当然的。计算机在我们日常生活中发挥着重要
17、作用是理所当然的。It has long been considered only right and proper (perfectly justified) to _.长期以来，_ 被视为_是理所应该的(完全合理的)。?上一代为下一代的成长承担完全的责任，长期以来被视为是理所应该的。It cannot be denied that the overgrowth of tourism may destroy the ecological balance of some scenic resorts.It is estimated that two thirds of the cities o
18、f our countries will be in acute shortage of fresh water by 20XX.6. It is+表示建议，命令的形容词(necessary, essential, imperative, advisable, desirable)+that+(should)+动词原形采取紧急措施与青少年非法吸毒作斗争非常必要。It is imperative that something urgent be done to combat the widespread use of illegal(unlawful illicit illegitimate )
19、 drugs among teenagers(adolescents, youngsters, juveniles).(1) It is +somebody(something)+who(that).人类正是为了维持生态平衡，才应该保护地球上濒危的动物物种免遭残杀。_(2) It is not until _ that _. 直到_才_直到人们患了像非典和爱滋病这样致命的疾病时，才意识到政府把更多的钱投入到医疗上的重要性。_7. It is no good (use, a waste of time, sense) doing. 覆水难收。_It is no good blinking the
20、 fact that 不能无视 _的事实.8.It is high (about) time that _. 该是_的时候了。9. It has been_ since(before)_. 自从_来已经有_时间了。自从计算机进入家庭以来已经有二十几年的时间了。_10. It is worth doing something = It is worthwhile to do = It is worthy of being done =It pays to do _是值得的。_是划算的。有理由关心孩子的行为方式。托福写作否定句的应用为了帮助大家高效备考托福，新东方在线托福频道为大家带来托福写作否定
21、句的应用，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线托福频道!否定句 .not so much _ as- 与其_不如一个人的工资取决于他的能力和对社会的贡献而不是他的教育背景。_大学生参加兼职工作不是为钱，而是为更好地了解社会。_Not_without 不_就不， 没有_就没有Cannot_without = cannot_but 每次_总会父母们不能指望孩子们不经过刻苦努力就可以成才。_既然人类是杂食动物，所以不能离开肉类而生存。_我们可以在没有商业广告的情况下生活， 但我们不能够没有信息而生存。_We can live without the presence of the
22、advertising, but we cannotsurvive without information.On no account ( by no means, in no way, under no circumstances)can we + V _ (我们绝对不能.) 我们绝对不能忽略知识的巨大价值。_.be far from satisfactory远不如人意。介词against, beyond, but, except, without,. 形容词和动词absent, deny, differ, different, fail, free, neglect, ignore, mi
23、ss, refuse, the last, used to, reluctant, lack, want, be devoid of, far from 短语keep.from, protect.from, prevent.from, let alone, at seaa loss, in vain, instead of, out of the question, rather than, too.to, by no meansThe problem of _ should be taken into account now. _ 问题现在应该被考虑在内了。大城市的交通阻塞问题现在应该被考虑
24、在内了。_应该教会孩子学会竞争与合作。_can be viewed(seen, regarded) as 可以看作是_.大学毕业生的高薪可以看作是他们多年刻苦努力的一种回报。High salaries of celebrities can be regarded as a reward of many years great efforts.托福写作句子成分的介绍1. 主语(名词，代词，不定式，动名词，句子)2. 谓语(动词或动词短语)3. 宾语(名词，代词，不定式，动名词，句子。跟不定式作宾语的常见动词：want agree hope plan decide offer prefer wis
25、h intend fail desire refuse afford choose manage expect aim promise consent pretend neglect ignore omit happen determine demand threaten resolve decline propose undertake volunteer。跟动名词作宾语的常见动词：finish enjoy mind keep stop dislike consider suggest miss avoid regret admit acknowledge delay practice de
26、ny imagine postpone risk advocate recall resist appreciate cannot help confess escape fancy defer resent evade contemplate forgive permit detest repent。跟双宾语的常见动词：ask sent show teach give bring buy find get keep lend tell write wish offer deprive4. 表语(名词，形容词:某些形容词，如careless, absurd, brave, courageous
27、, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, inconsiderate, greedy, money-oriented acquisitive materialistic generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, self-centered egocentric wicked, wrong等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。代词，数词，不定式，动名词，分词，介词短语，句子)5. 定语(形容词
28、，代词，数词，不定式，名词，动名词，分词，介词短语，句子)_, which 1.is beneficial to adjusting to2. is detrimental (hazardous)to3. means(is equivalent to)6. 状语(副词，形容词短语, 不定式，分词，介词短语，名词，句子)7. 补语(形容词，名词，不定式：下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式ask get prompt allow forbid prefer announce force press inspire require assist hate pronounce advi
29、se recommend bear implore remind beg induce report compel invite command intend show drive mean train cause instruct deserve leave tell direct tempt entitle order warn enable need urge encourage oblige condemnteach entreat permit wish，分词，介词短语)8. 同位语(名词，不定式，动名词, 句子，后跟同位语从句的常见词fact news question propo
30、sal report altitude (latitude longitude evidence proof suggestion request idea conclusion thought notion value fiction fear)9. 插入语(不定式，分词，介词短语，句子)托福写作whatever引导句的解析Whether引导的句型Whether _or not has become a controversial issue. 是否_已成为一个有争议的问题。A vigorous debate over the issue whether _or not has intrig
31、ued the public.关于是否_问题的激烈讨论引起了公众的兴趣。celebrities关于教师是否在教育领域不再起重要作用的问题的激烈讨论引起了公众的兴趣。_关于游客应该吸收东道主国家的文化还是东道主接受外来的文化，这一问题的激烈争议引起了公众的兴趣。_Whether _ has triggered more heated discussion than ever before.The practice of _ makes people doubt whether _ is worthwhile.The issue of whether _or not has been widely debated in _nowadays.现在，就是否_的问题在_展开了广泛的讨论。现在，就政府该不该投资艺术的问题在社会展开了广泛的讨论。subsidize_
