《可数名词变复数规则总结.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《可数名词变复数规则总结.docx(5页珍藏版)》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、可数名词变复数规则总结一、可数名词变复数规则 1.一般情况下加s 例:friendfriends; catcats; stylestyles; sportsports; piecepieces 2.以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾加es 例:busbuses; quizquizzes; foxfoxes; matchmatches; flashflashes 3、以辅音字母+y结尾, 将y改变为i,再加-es 例:candycandies; ladyladies; storystories 4、以-o结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es,否则加-s构成复数。 例:tomatotomatoe
2、s; potatopotatoes; torpedo(鱼雷)torpedoes; bingobingoes 反例:radioradios; pianopianos; photophotos; zoozoos 5、以f或fe结尾的将f或fe变为-ves,但有例外 例:knifeknives; lifelives; leafleaves; staff(员工)staves; scarfscarves 直接加s:roof-roofs, belief-beliefs,gulf-gulfs, serf-serfs, safe-safes,chief-chiefs 6、不规则名词: 例:manmen; wo
3、manwomen; childchildren; personpeople; oxoxen ; foot feet; goose geese; mouse mice; tooth teeth; datum data数据 analysisanalyses分析; basisbases基础; datumdata数据; formula公式formulae/formulas;louse虱子lice; mediummedia/mediums媒介; phenomenonphenomena现象 7、单复数同形 例:Chinese 中国人;Japanese 日本人;deer; fish; cannon; she
4、ep; 8、一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多 例:bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀 trousers长裤; wages工资 9、其他复合名词变复数,这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示 例:daughter-in-lawdaughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-lawfathers-in-law岳父 ; maid-servantmaid-servants 女仆tep-sonstep-sons晚子; son-in-lawsons-in-law 女婿 10、以man或wo
5、man为前缀的名词变复数时,前后两个名词都变成复数。 例:woman doctorwomen doctors, man waitermen waiters. 二、动词第三人称单数变化规则 1、大多数动词在词尾加s 如:stop-stops ; make-makes 2、以s, x, ch, sh结尾加es 如:pass-passes; relax-relaxes ;teach-teaches; wash-washes 3、以辅音字母加y结尾的,要先将y变为i,加es 如:fly-flies ; carry-carries ; study-studies 1 4、以o结尾加es 如:go-goe
6、s; do-does 三、动词加ing变化规则 1一般情况下,直接加-ing coughcoughing,climbclimbing,standstanding,seeseeing 2以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾,去掉e加ing writewriting,hopehoping,carecaring,starestaring,planeplaning, havehaving,savesaving, produceproducing, breathebreathing 3、重读闭音节,双写 末尾辅音字母加ing stop-stopping , run-running, get-getting ,
7、win-winning 4、以-ie结尾的将e去掉,将i变成y再加-ing diedying,tietying,vievying,lielying 四、动词过去式、过去分词变化规则 动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 规则变化: 1. 一般情况直接加ed,如askasked, workworked 2. 以不发音的e结尾,只加d,如loveloved, dancedanced 3. 以辅音字母加y结尾,把y变为i,再加ed,如trytried, studystudied 4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r 音节结 尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母)
8、,先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed 如stopstopped, permitpermitted 不规则动词的过去式、过去分词变化规则,须多加记忆 come-came-come; go-went-gone; make-made-made等 五、形容词、副词变比较级、最高级的变化规则 1. 一般在形容词或副词后面直接加-er或-est talltallertallest fastfasterfastest 2. 以-e结尾的形容词或副词直接加-r或-st largelargerlargest nicenicernicest 3. 以-y结尾的形容词或副词,改-y为-i再加-er或-est busy
9、busierbusiest earlyearlierearliest 4. 形容词或副词是重读闭音节时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-er或-est hothotterhottest bigbiggerbiggest 5. 多音节形容词或副词前面直接加more或most deliciousmore deliciousmost delicious;useful-more useful-most useful beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful 另外还有一个表示否定意义的形式,前加less, least exciting-less exciting-least
10、exciting ; intelligent-less intelligent-least intelligent 6. 大部分以ly结尾的形容词、副词都是前加more, most 来构成比较级和最高 2 级 slowly-more slowly-most slowly ; happily-more happily-most happily 7. 不规则变化 good (well)betterbest bad (badly)worseworst far-farther-farthest far-further-furthest much(many) -more-most little-less
11、-least old-elder-eldest old-older-oldest 注:elder不能与 than连用,只能用作定语修饰名词。 六、形容词变副词的变化规则 1.、一般情况下直接加“ly”。如slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly ; careful-carefully 2、以辅音字母加y结尾的要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily 3、少数以ue结尾的形容词,去e加-ly。例如:true-truly 4、某些以le结尾的形容词去掉e,加-y。 如:terrible-terribly; gentle-gently ; possible-possibly; probable-probably; 5、绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。例如:polite-politely, wide-widely6、以ll结尾的加y。 如: full-fully 注: friendly; motherly; lovely等词是形容词而非副词 3