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1、国际贸易实务双语教程课后答案Unit 1 A brief introduction to international trade Key I. Answer my questions 1. International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services indus
2、try in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental. 2. Sales expansion, resource acquisi
3、tion and diversification of sales and supplies. 3. To gain profit. 4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement. 5. There are four major forms which are the following: Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and Multinational Enterprise. 6. It is the account which
4、is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation (eg.the United States ) and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year. 7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing. 8. Yes. There are great differences between them. 1) di
5、rect investment takes place when control follows the investment. It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves
6、two or more parties. 2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarily for financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments. 9. MNE is the abbreviation of the mult
7、inational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation). 10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest. 11. The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company m
8、ust operate. 12. It is limited by the number of people interested in a firms products and services and by customers capacity to make purchase. 13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firms resources. 14
9、. Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as for trademarks patens, copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licencing agreements.Royalties are also paid franchising. 15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use of a trademark th
10、at is an essential asset for the franchisers business. II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right 1. J 2.A 3.E 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.I 8.G 9.F 10.H III Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese 1 购买力 11经济复苏；恢复 1 2潜在销售量 12 经济衰退 3加价，涨价 13间接投资 4国内市场 14有形货物 5制成品 15有形进出口 6边际
11、利润 16收入及支出；岁入及岁出 7市场占有率 17超额能力 8贸易歧视 18贸易中间人；经纪人 9时机选择 19全部包建的工程承包方式 10经销周期 20许可证协定 IV Case Study 1 Answer： Batteries called white elephant exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, because white elephant was a lucky thing in Southeast Asia, but no one was interested in it in the mark
12、et of Europe and the United States. The boss of the company was very strange that the quality of the battery or the price of reasons, so he asked his staff to investigate. Finally he found that is the brand white elephant to be blame. The brands name translated into English was white elephant which
13、meant something were no use but cumbersome in Western countries. It was really a bad translation from culture information perspective. The meaning derived from a legend. According to the legend, there was a king who hated a minister, so he gave a white elephant to the minister for punishment. The mi
14、nister has to take care of the white elephant, he couldnt give it to others or kill it because its the king gave it to him. However, the appetite of the white elephant was so great, and the minister became poorer. So it showed people in western countries would not buy the battery for the consumers h
15、ave no willing to buy something useless but cumbersome. V. Open VI.Translate the following into English 1. Trade is often the engine of growth. However oversimplified this metaphor may be, it does serve to underline the importance of foreign trade in the process of growth. A healthy expansion of exp
16、orts may not always be sufficient condition for rapid and sustained growth, but a strong positive association between the two is clearly undeniable. Trade expansion contributes to economic growth in many ways. Among them are the benefits of specialization; the favorable effects of international comp
17、etition on domestic economic efficiency; the increased capacity to pay for the imports required in development and more generally the stimulus to investment. 2. International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. In ad
18、dition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. Nations such as Greece and Norway have large maritime fleets and provide transportation service. This is a kind of invisible
19、 trade. Invisible trade can be as important to some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn the money to buy necessities. 3. There exist different ways of conducting international business. Exclusive sale means the seller gives the overseas
20、 client the exclusive right of selling a particular product in a designated area within a specified period of time. In this kind of business transaction, the product is bought by the exclusive seller and therefore he should sell the product by himself, assuming sole responsibilities for his profit 2
21、 and loss. Exclusive sale is different from agency where only commission is involved. And difference exists between general contract and exclusive sales because the exclusive seller enjoys exclusive right in a particular area. 4. There is no country in the world that can produce all the products it
22、needs. Thus countries join in international division of labor for effective production and reproduction. Sometimes a country can buy goods and services from abroad on a barter basis. Barter means doing business by exchanging goods of one sort for goods of another sort without using money. Barter tra
23、de itself is not enough to meat a countrys import needs. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive in developing countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreign funds is far from sufficient to meet their obligations in external trade. Unit 2 General Proce
24、dures of Export and Import Transaction I. Answer the following questions (Omited) II. Filling the blanks with the suitable words in the text: 1.meeting/satisfying; 2.agent, foreign/overseas; mission; 4.own; 5.setting; 6.patent; 7.profits; 8.outlets; 9.joint, venture; 10.subsidiary III. Judge the fol
25、lowing statement, mark True (T) or False(F) 1F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10. T IV. Explain the meaning of the words or phrases below as requested 1. Offer: An offer is a proposal made by sellers to buyers in order to enter into the contract. 2. Withdrawal: It means an offer by the offerer h
26、as been withdrawn before it is reached to the offeree in order to prevent its entry into force. 3. Enquiry: An enquiry is a request for business information, such as price lists, catalogue, samples, and details of the goods or trade terms. It can be made either by the importer or the exporter. 4. Ac
27、ceptance: Acceptance is a statement made by other conduct of the offerees indicating unconditional consent to an offer. 5. Shipping agent: Shipping agent(船代）is a ship owners representative whose job is to find the ships to carry. V. Compose a letter of enquiry with the following particulars: Keys Me
28、ssrs. Arthur Grey & Son, 19 Cheapside, London, E.C.2 Dear Sirs, We have obtained your name and address from China Council for Promotion of International Trade and learned that you are one of the leading exporters of Ice Box in your district. We are now interested in 100 sets of the said article and
29、should be pleased if you would let us know whether you can supply us with the quantity and quality we desire. Please quote us your best price on CIF Guangzhou basis. When offering, please state clearly terms of payment, time of delivery, packing 3 conditions together with illustrated catalogue for o
30、ur consideration. We are looking forward to your early reply. Yours faithfully, VI. Please make your offer according to the following particulars: Key Dear Sirs, Thank you for your letter of 5th May. We are glad to learn of the inquiries you have had from your customers for our raincoats. Our D.D. r
31、ange is particularly suitable for warm climates, and during the past years we have supplied this range to dealers in several tropical countries, from many of whom we have already had repeated orders. This range is popular not only because it is light in weight, but also because the material used has
32、 been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface. For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows: D.D. Raincoats 100 mens medium US$14.50 US$ 1,450 100 mens small 14.0 1,400 100 womens medium 13.2 1,320 100 womens small 12.7 1,270 US$ 5,440 Payment:
33、by irrevocable L/C at sight Shipment: Shipment will be effected within three or four weeks after receiving the L/C. This offer is subject to our final confirmation. We feel you may be interested in our other products and enclose some pamphlets for your reference. We are awaiting your early orders. Y
34、ours sincerely, VII. Write a counter-offer according to the following particulars: Keys: Dear Sirs, We thank you for your quotation May 10 for 1,000 sets of Hair IceBox. We find your price as well as delivery date satisfactory, however, we would give our suggestions of an alternation of your payment
35、 terms. Our past purchase of other household electrical appliances from you has been paid as a rule by confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit at sight. On the basis, it has indeed cost us a great deal. From the moment to open credit till the time our buyers pay us, the tie-up of our funds lasts abo
36、ut four months. Under the present circumstances, this question is particular taxing owing to the tight money condition and unprecedentedly high bank interests. In view of our long business relations and our amicable cooperation prospects, we suggest that you accept either “cash against documents on
37、arrival of goods” or “drawing on us at 60 days sight”. Your first priority to the consideration of the above request and an early favorable reply will be highly appreciated. Yours sincerely, 4 VIII. Translate the followings into English 1). Economic activity began with the cavemen, who was economica
38、lly self-sufficient. He did his own hunting, found his own shelter, and provided for his own needs. As primitive populations grew and developed, the principle of division of labor evolved. One person was more able to perform some activity than another, and therefore each person concentrated on what
39、he did best. While one hunted, another fished. The hunter then traded his surplus to the fisherman, and each benefited from the variety of diet. In todays complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilized different economic
40、 resources; people have developed different skills. This is the foundation of international trade and economic activities. Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. The first, as mentioned above, is that no nation has all of the commodities than it needs. Ra
41、w materials are scattered around the world. Large deposits of copper are mined in Peru and Zaire, diamonds are mined in South Africa, and petroleum is recovered in Middle East. Countries that do not have these resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them. Foreign tr
42、ade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. Although the United States is a major producer of sugar, it consumes more than it can produce internally and thus must import sugar. Third, one nation can sell some items at a lower cost than other c
43、ountries. Japan has been able to export large quantities of radios and television sets because it can produce them more efficiently than other countries. It is cheaper for the United States to buy these from Japan than to produce them domestically. Finally, foreign trade takes place because of innov
44、ation or style. Even though the United States produces more automobiles than any other country, it still imports large quantities of autos from Germany, Japan and Sweden, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States. 2). The different kinds of trade nations engaged in are varied
45、 and complex, a mixture of visible and invisible trade. Most nations are more dependent on exports than on any other activity. The earnings from exports pay for the imports that they need and want. A nations balance of payment is a record of these complex transactions. By reflecting all of these tra
46、nsactions in monetary terms , a nation is able to combine the income it receives, for example, from exports, tourists expenditures, and immigrant remittances. This combined incomes is then spent on such items as manufactured goods from other countries, travel for its citizens to other countries, and
47、 the hiring of construction engineers. IX. Case Study Answer: A 公司与B公司的第一封信函可视为发盘，在该发盘中A公司对包装做出了要求。而B公司对该发盘中包装条款进行了修改，可视为还盘，或新的发盘，B公司发出还盘后A公司未进行回复，虽然它用行动表明受B公司发盘约束，但没有明确向B公司表示接受，此时认为合同未成立。因此，B公司以此为由，拒不履行合同。A公司将陷入被动。 为了避免出现此情况，A公司在收到B公司发盘时，应及时表示接受。 Unit 3 Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
48、 Key I. Translate the followings from Chinese into English: 1 terms of payment 2 written form of contract 5 3 execution of the contract 4 sales contract 5 purchase confirmation 6 terms of transaction 7 trading partners 8 the setting up of a contract 9 trade agreement 10 consignment contract 11 the contract proper 12 extension of the contract 13 the contracting parties 14 special clause 15 general terms and cond
