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1、托福语法指导汇总 考托福语法一直都很重要，整理了关于真题要点解析的语法指导，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。托福语法指导-并列连词及真题要点解析有关并列连词的命题在TOEEL考试中占有极重要的地位。并列连接词不仅自身是命题的焦点，它还涉及到一些其它的题型，如平行结构，词类、及一致等TOEEL考试要点。一般说来，有关并列连词的题目并不深涩，因为连接词无论在语意上还是结构功能上都并非孤立使用。而且，细察并列连词的题目，还可寻见其中的命题规律并列连词常考题型及解题要点1. 并列连词 and but or混淆考试大解题要点 这类题型主要分面布在written Expression (16-40题中)
2、当A、B、C、D四项选择中出现单独的and或but 或or 时，它通常就是此题的焦点，应根据句意判断此连词是否用错。全真例题要分析考试大(1) Harvesting of grains is affected by annual changes in temperature or in the amount of moisture, but both. (90.1)答案 D 根据句意，这里并无转折关系。因此but 应改为or。(2) Porcelain is not a single clay, and a compound of kaolin. Ball clay, feldspar. An
3、d silica. (91.1)答案 C 此句表达的是一个取舍关系，and应改为but. “notbut”是表达转折，到舍含义的固定并列连词搭配。3. The structure or behavior of many protozoans are amazingly comples for single-celled artimals.答案 A 根据句中复数谓语动词are 来判断，连词or是错误，它表述的概含是两项之一，应用单数第三人称动词。固而or应改为and。(4) Cayenne popper comes from the seedpot of the pepper plant whi
4、ch is dried or then ground.答案 D 根据提示词then，我们可以判断dried 和ground (grind 的过去分词，碾碎)是顺序先后的两个动作，并非取舍选择关系。固此or应改为and。考试大2. 并列连接词词组bothand asasnot only but also not soas考试大eitheror the sameasneithernor 比较级(more-re) thansothat toto常与sothat 考试大whetheror 混淆搭配解题要点;上述并列连词词组和短语必须搭配使用，不能承意更换或省略。考题中如出现上述词组的任何一部分，则注意
5、另一部分是否正确。全真例题分析考试大(1) In meteorology. Either formation of clouds and the oreciporddidon of dew rain and snow are known as condensation (93.1)答案 A either改为both，组成bothand词组考试大(2) The survival of a forest depends not only on amount of annual rainfall it receives. And also on the seasonal distribution o
6、f the rain.答案 C and改为but，组成not onlybut also 词组(3) Lucretia Mott. influence was too significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United State. (91.1)答案 A too改为so,组成sothat结构。考试大(4) The gorilla, not as curious than the chimpanzee, shows more persistenc
7、e and memory retention in solving a problem. (90.5)答案 B than改为as， 组成not asas 结构。(5) Some linguious believe that the earliest languages were no less complex as modern languages (94.5)答案 D as 改为than,组成“比较级than”的句型。考试大(6) Whether as statesman, scientist, and philosopher, Benjamin Franklin was destined
8、to gain lasting honor throughout much of the world. (92.5)答案 A and改为or，组成whetheror的结构。考试大(7) Meadowlarks are about the same size than robins, they have heavier bodies, shorter tails, and longer bills. (89.5)答案 B than改为as，组成the sameas的结构。考试大(8) Nature not only gave the Middle Atlantic fine harbors, h
9、owever endowed it with a first-class system of inland waterways. (91.1)答案 C however 改为but also,组成not onlybut also结构。托福语法指导-从属连词及真题要点解析复合句是TOEEL考题的基本句子结构，因而连接主句和从句的连接词就成为重要的命题焦点。TOEEL常考的从属连词分三类：(1)关系代词( that, which ,what who. Whose) (2) 关系副词(where when why how) (3) 状语从句连接词 (where, when, if, though, b
10、ecause) 有关从属连词的试题大部分集中在Structure (1-15题中) 掌握命题规律，这类题目并不复杂。从属连词常考题型及解题要点1. 主句与从句之间必须有从属连词考试大全真例题分析(1)The spiral threads of a spider. web have a sticky substance on them - insects.(A) traps(B) trap its考试大(C) which traps(D) which it traps (92.1)答案 C 定语从句关系代词which引导从句，且在从句中作主语。(2)Angiosperms inhabit rel
11、atively diverse environments and may be found - higher plants can survive.(A) there考试大(B) wherever(C) somewhere(D) then (92.5)答案 B 空格前后为两个完整的句子，这里应填入连接词联系主从两句。四个选择只有wherever是连词，引导地点状语从句。(3)Duke Wellington was a composer. Conductor, and pianist - ranked as one of the greatest of all jazz figures.(A)
12、him(B) although考试大(C) or(D) who (92.10)答案 D 关系代词who引导定语从句，并作从句的主语。(4)-. Some of the Earth. interior heat escapes to the surface.(A) A volcano erupts(B) A volcano whether erupts(C) A volcano erupts it(D) If a volcano erupts (93.5)答案 D 从属连词引导条件状语从句。考试大2. 关系代词 who与which混淆错用考试大解题要点：在written Expression (
13、16-40题)中的四个选择答案中出现who 或者which，应确认它所指代的是人还是物。全直例题分析考试大(1)Fossil remains indicate that squidlike creatures called belemnites swam in the sea who covered the North American continent 70 million years ago. (94.5)答案 C 关系代词who指代的是sea，因此应用指物的which或that。(2)Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to p
14、ersons which risk exposure to the disease. (93.1)答案 B 关系代词which指代前面的persons，应改为人称关系代词who。(3)Anne Elizabeth McDowell is best remembered for a weekly journal, the Woman. Advocate, who she launched in January 1855. (91.8)答案 D 关系代词who指代杂志the woman. Advocate,故应改为which。(4) The attorney general of the Unit
15、ed States advises the President on any questions of law who may arise in the conduct of administrative affairs. (90.10)答案 B 关系代词who指代前文的questions of law，故应改为which或that。3. 介词+关系代词which结构考试大解题要点 介词+which作用相当于一个关系副词，在从句作状语。可表示时间(=when) ,地点(= where) ，原因(=why)等等。全真例题分析考试大(1) In reorganizing the curriculu
16、m of Mt. Holyoke College in the late 1800. Elizabeth Mead laid the foundation - the modern college rests.(A) is which(B) on which考试大(C) which is on(D) on it (91.1)答案 B on which 指代on the foundation ，作用相当于一个表示地点的关系副词。(2) A circuit may be defined as a closed path - electricity can How.(A) through it(B)
17、 through which(C) that is through考试大(D) there goes through (93.3)答案 B through which 指代through the circuit, 作用相当于一个关系副词，而介词through才能准确地表达句子的含义。(3) The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil - the plants grow.(A) which(B) which in考试大(C) in which(D) in (90.5)答案 C in wh
18、ich = where(4) Adhesives, such as glue, tape and gum, vary with the purpose - intended.(A) they were for(B) for they were考试大(C) which were they(D) for which they were (93.10)答案 D for which指代for the purpose。托福语法指导-动词不定式及动名词要点解析动词不定式和动名词在TOEEL测试中不算活跃的考题，但出题频率比较稳定，即不频繁，亦无间断。命题焦占主要集中在动词不定式和动名词的基本功能及正确形式
19、，即(1)不定式to后面接原形动词，(2)动名词具有动词和名词两重功能，介词后面的动词必须以动名词形式出现。不定式和动名词常考题型1. 不定型工to后面接原形动词考试大全真例题分析(1) Astronauts circling the Earth may get to seen sixteen sunrises and sixteen sunsets every day. (93.8)答案 C 动词不定型式的标志to后面应接动词原形see。考试大(2) Using their bills as needles, tailorbirds sew large leaves together wit
20、h plant fiber to forming their nests. (90.10)答案 D to forming应改为to form正确的不定式形式。(3) The poetry of e.e cummings illustrates the way in which some poets bend graminastical rules as they strive to expression their insights. (91.10)答案 D动词不定式to后面只能接原形动词，不能接名词。考试大(4) The dromedary camel is raised especiall
21、y to racing. (91.1)答案 D这是一个非常简单的动词不定式错误形式的考题。Recing应改为race,与to组成不定式。2. 动词不定式作目的状语考试大解题要点 不定式结构在句中可以作多种成分，目的状语则是TOEEL常考到的形式。动词不定型式作目的状语的命题主要分布在structure (1-15题)中。全真例题分析考试大(1) A fuel is a substance used - light, heat .or energy .(A) generating(B) generates考试大(C) to generate(D) it is generating答案 C 根据句
22、意及结构，此句固选择动词不定式作目的状语。(2) - stereophonic phonograph records, two recordings are made of the same musical performance.(A) Creates考试大(B) Created(C) The creating of(D) To create (92.10)考试大答案 D 这是典型的不定式作目的状语的句子。目的状语放在句首是表示强调。(3) - time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters w
23、ith only three fingers and a thumb.(A) Saved考试大(B) Saves(C) To save(D) The saving (91.5)答案 C 此句与上面例题结构相同。不定式作目的状语，且放在句首表示强调。3. 动名词的正确用法考试大解题要点 有关名词的考题并不很多，但有一个常出现的题型;介词后面的动词一定要用动名词形式，作介词的宾语。全真例题分析考试大(1) Microwave cooking can be accureately described as the first absolutely new method of prepare food
24、 since the discovery of fire (94.1)答案 C 介词of后面应接动名词形式，即of preparing。考试大(2) Most crickets have two pairs of fally developed wings, and mascular hind legs for iump. (94.1)答案 D 动名原形jamp位于介词for后面，故应改为动句词jamping。(3) Because it is a healthful way to exercise derobic dancing is considered an excellent meth
25、od for release tension. (93.1)答案 D 动名词原形release位于介词for后面，故应改为动名词releasing。(4) The Cubist movement in art was reaction against traditional methods of portray reality. (90.5)答案 C 动词原形portray应改为动名词portraying即作前面介词of的宾语，自身又带宾语reality。托福语法指导-平行结构及真题要点解析1. 含并列连词and but or的平行结构考试大解题要点 当上述并列连词连接两项或多项对等成分时，这
26、些成分必须同词性、同形式。特别注意出现三项以上(含三项)的并列成分，多是考试焦点。全真例题分析考试大(1) Quartz may be transparency, translucent, or opaque, and it may be colorless or colored (91.5)答案 A 并列连词or连接三项，其中两项为形容词translucent与opaque，故(A)应用形容词transparent与之并列。(2) At the age of 94. Composer, conductor. Arranger. And acting Eva Jessye led her ch
27、oral group in the first production of the opera porgy and Bess, written in 1935. (92.1)答案 A 并列连词and连接四项表示身份职业的名词，故(A)动名词应改为actress。(3) Atrophy is a decrease in size of a cell, organ, tissues, or other part of the body such as (91.10)答案 C 并列连词or连接四项名词结构，其中cell 和organ皆为单数形式，故(C)亦应改为单数tissue。(4) Direct
28、 mail advertising serves to acquaint customers with Products, alert them to new opportunities, and paving the way for other sales activities (93.1)答案 C 并列连词and连接三项动宾结构，前两项均为动词原形，故(C)动名词亦应改为原形动词pave.(5) A majority of the reports received from people claiming to have seen the lengendaiy Loch Ness mons
29、ter have proven to be mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. (93.10)答案 D 并列连词or连接三项成分。前两项均为名词，故(D)不应出现句子结构，而应改为名词tricks与前面的mistakes和misconceptions平行。(6) The tongue is capable of many motions and configurations and plays vital rode in chewing, swallowed and speaking.答案 D 并列连词and连接三个单词。
30、其中两项均为动名词，故(D)亦应改为动名词swallowing。考试大2. 比较级句型要求对比双方结构对等，比较范围相当。考试大全真列题分析考试大(1) Probably no man had more effcet on the daily lives of most people in the United States - Henry Ford. A pioneer in automobile production.(A) as was(B) than was(C) than did(D) as did (92.8)答案 C 比较句型 morethan 要求比较的双方结构相等。前项是实义
31、动词的过去时形式had，故选(C)than did与之平行。(2) The state of Maine generally has cooler temperatures than -(A) there are most other states(B) most other states which have(C) most other states have(D) having most other states (93.10)答案 C 这是标准的morethan比较句型。只有(C)的句子结构与相对比的前一项完全一致。(3) The annual worth of Utah. manufa
32、cturing is greater than-(A) that of its mining and farming combined考试大(B) mining and farming combination(C) that mining and farming combined考试大(D) of its combination mining and farming (91.8)答案 A 此句比较的是utah的年产值(the annual worth) (A)中that即代替了the annual worth，故前后比较的范围，内容一致。(4) The activities of the in
33、ternational marketing researcher are frequently much broader than-(A) the domestic marketer has考试大(B) the domestic marketer does(C) those of the domestic marketer(D) that which has the domestic marketer (91.5)答案 C 此句比较的是国际市场研究者与国内市场研究者的活动(the activities) 为避免同词重复，用(C)those来代替前面的名词the activities ,因而对比双方比较的范围是平行相等的。(5) Fructose is a monosaccharide sugar that is much sweeter -(A) than cane sugar does(B) does cane sugar(C) cane sugar(D) than cane sugar (90.5)答案 D 此比较句型前半部分主系表结构，后半部不可出现助动词does(答案A及B)，但可省略系词，如(D)。
