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1、外文翻译基于单片机的红外防盗报警系统设计外文原文 1 the introduction 1.1 the research significance of this topic research situation at home and abroad . With the development of society and science and technology unceasing development, peoples living standards been improved greatly, and to the private property protection mea
2、ns in the unceasing enhancement, the intelligent facilities for anti-theft puts forward new requirements. This design is to meet the need of modern residential anti-theft designed family electronic alarm system. It in previous devices based on improved greatly, because use the single-chip processor
3、signal, not only can used for single residential area, also can be used in a large-scale residential security systems. Its the job of the performance is good, do not appear to report and misstatement phenomenon, safe and reliable. In our country, the present market condition alarm basically has trig
4、gered alarm system pressure switch electron and alarm system and pressure shading triggered alarm system, etc. Various kinds of alarm, but this several common alarm there are some shortcomings. This system USES a human pyroelectric infrared sensor in the human body detector in the flied, passive pyr
5、oelectric infrared detectors because of its low cost, easy fabrication, low cost, installation is more convenient, anti-theft performance is stable and high sensitivity, safe and reliable, has attracted broad family characteristics such as popular with the customers. And alarms installation concealm
6、ent, not easily by rogue found. 1.2 infrared alarm technology introduction 1.2.1 nature objects of the infrared radiation The nature of any object, as long as the temperature above absolute zero (273 ), constantly outward issued infrared radiation, and travel at the speed of light energy. Object rad
7、iate outward infrared radiation of energy and the object of temperature and infrared radiant wavelength. Assuming objects launching infrared radiation of peak wavelength for a few, its temperature for T, the radiation energy equals infrared radiation of peak wavelength gerben and object product temp
8、erature T. This product is a constant, namely: The higher the temperature of the objects, emit infrared radiation of the smaller peak wavelength, send out infrared radiation energy is bigger also. 1.2.2.pyroelectric effect Passive infrared detector also called pyroelectric infrared detector, its mai
9、n working principle is pyroelectric effect. Pyroelectric effect means if make some strong dielectric material (such as qin batio3, qin wrong acid lead P (zT), etc.) of the Based on infrared alarm technology security systems surface temperature changes, then with the temperature rise or fall, materia
10、l surface occurs polarization, namely on the surface of the charge will be produced change, and material surface charge lost balance and eventually charge will change withvoltage or current form output. 1.2.3 pyroelectric infrared sensor basic structure Pyroelectric infrared sensors from sensor dete
11、ction yuan, interference filters and mosfet verifier three parts. According to the number of detecting yuan to points, pyroelectric infrared sensors have unit, double yuanhe four yuan to wait for a few kinds, for human detection of infrared sensor adopts double yuan or four yuan type structure. Acco
12、rding to pyroelectric infrared sensor utility cent, have the following kinds: used for measuring temperature sensor, its the job of the wavelength of (1-20) nano, Used for flame detection sensor, its the job of the wavelength for 0.435 + / - 0.15 nano, For human detection sensor, its the job of the
13、wavelength of 7 to 15 feet. Figure 1.2 is a double detection yuan pyroelectric infrared sensor structure schematic drawing. The sensor will two opposite polarity, special 1.2.4 pyroelectric infrared detector basic principle Pyroelectric infrared sensor by receiving mobile human radiation that certai
14、n wavelengths of infrared radiation, can be transformed into and human body movement speed and distance, the direction of low-frequency signals about. When pyroelectric infrared sensor by ir radiation sources of radiation, its internal sensitive materials temperatures will rise, polarization intensi
15、ty is abate, surface charge reduce, usually will release this part of the charge called pyroelectric charge. Because of pyroelectric charge how many can reflect material changes of temperature, so by pyroelectric charge by circuit transformed into the output voltage can also reflect material changes
16、 in temperature, thus detect ir radiation energy changes. 2 hardware system design 2.1 infrared anti-theft alarm system hardware design Because this design focuses on family guard against theft, real-time monitoring of a narrower range, so this design by simply using a passive infrared detector is e
17、nough. Therefore, infrared intelligent anti-theft alarm system, and the specific design requirements for: (1)completes to high sensitive infrared sensor design, make its can warning of what happened real-time and accurate detection. (2) automatic alarm (automatic dial-up alarm audible and visual ala
18、rm). We design the system must have the following function module: 1.passive infrared detector, 2.sound-light alarm, 3.telephone automatic dial-up function; 4.continued uninterrupted power supply, According to the system to complete functions, we adopt single chip microcomputer as the core of the sy
19、stem unit, electronic detection, intelligent control and telephone tong 2.2 telephone automatic dial-up alarm circuit design In order to simplify the whole system design process, we do not adopt MT880 chip dialing. Realization process is as follows: First in telephone storage inside put on domestic
20、host cell phone number or alarm call 110. From MCU pins p2.0 and p2.1 drawn two wiring connect relays, a pick telephone keyboard MianDiJian, another connect telephone keyboard keys, automatic weighing dial because the phone keypad scanning is similar microcontroller keypad scanning, so can make SCM
21、give fitst p2.0 a signal, lets telephone h-f, then give the p2.1 a signal, let relay connected, automatic weighing dial the key a potential, let telephone automatic dial-up, so they could finish the system alarm function. 2.3 system working principle The whole system hardware part mainly includes si
22、x parts: MCU module; Infrared detector, Acousto-optic alarm circuit; Telephone automatic dial-up alarm circuit; Power supply circuit, Working state instructions circuit. Its system working principle for: the sensors will be detected signals to lead signal processor processing, microcontroller judgme
23、nt to P1.0 mouth have pulse falling edge jumping signal immediately transferred to the acousto-optic alarm program, at this moment, the red light buzzer alarm rapid flashes, lasted 30s. In the 30s inside if someone press the switch, then eliminate alarm remove alarm. if this time no one remove alarm
24、, the proof nobody at home in 30s system will automatically triggers telephone finish the whole system of police work project. Later, microcontroller will continue to cycle back ? sentenced 2.4 system total diagram In proteus simulation system, the system circuit by crystals circuit, sound-light ala
25、rm circuit composed. Among them, we use connect the dedication of the P1.0 simulated infrared sensors, requirement when switch when pressed by the high jump, level is low, the equivalent of, sensor detects the state of man, the telephone line with P2.0 and P2.1 derivation, here without simulation te
26、lephone circuit diagram. Figure 3.5 3 software system design 3.1 control module design program Microcomputer in the initial plus electric, voltage is not steady state, causing instability, at this time the SCM in commonly after power up to system with a piece of delay. Time-lapse after detecting P1
27、mouth microcontroller state, detection level signal whether mutations, if is then calls the police processing procedure, including automatic dialup audible and visual alarm procedures, if no changes, ChuXiang level detection continues to P1 mouth state. Figure 4.1 main program flowchart 3.2 system d
28、evelopment adopted by the programming and commissioning of the platform This system language using assembly language preparation, so choose wave6000, he has the microcontroller program edit, compile and debugging, etc., and generate hexadecimal. Files, through: machine TOPWIN burning software writea
29、ble microcontroller program memory. The simulation software use Proteus, he is from Britain Labcenter electronics company EDA software. The circuit of the simulation is interactive, aiming at the microprocessor application, still can directly based on schematic diagram of the virtual prototype progr
30、amming, and implementing software source code level of real-time debugging, if have display and output, still can see after the operation of input and output effect. 4 system debugging and test 4.1 software debugging Adopt modularization program design thought, fitst debugging subroutines, then grad
31、ually superposition debugging, through Proteus simulation software debugging, proof program can realize its function. 4.2 system debugging Through the circuit of welding, each module function commissioning. I put the hardware that occur errors adjusted, in addition, infrared that piece, because is e
32、mploying redirected of pyroelectric switch modified, so in must be taping photoconductive resistance to rise, has arrived in the days and nights can alarm function. The total system commissioning, through, error meets the requirement. 5 closing This system uses a pyroelectric infrared sensor, its ma
33、ke simple low cost and installation are more convenient and anti-theft performance is stable and strong anti-jamming capability, high sensitivity, safe and reliable. 外文翻译 基于红外报警技术的防盗系统 1 绪论 1.1 本课题的研究现状及研究意义 随着社会的不断进步和科学技术不断发展，人们生活水平得到很大的提高，对私有财产的保护手段在不断的增强，对防盗设施的智能化提出了新的要求。本设计就是为了满足现代住宅防盗的需要而设计的家庭式
34、电子防盗系统。它在以前的防盗器基础上进行了很大的改进，由于使用了单片机做信号处理器，不但可以用于单一的住宅区，也可以用于较大规模住宅区的防盗系统。它的工作性能好，不易出现不报和误报现象，安全可靠。 在我国，目前市面上报警器主要有压力触发式防盗报警器开关电子防盗报警器和压力遮光触发式防盗报警器等各种报警器，但这几种比较常见的报警器都存在一些缺点。本系统采用了人体热释电红外传感器，在人体探测器领域中，被动式热释电红外探测器因其价格低廉、制作简单、成本低，安装比较方便，防盗性能比较稳定，灵敏度高、安全可靠等特点，备受广大家庭用户的欢迎。而且防盗器安装隐蔽，不易被盗贼发现。 1.2 红外报警技术简介
35、1.2.1自然界物体的红外辐射特性 自然界的任何物体，只要温度高于绝对零度，总是不断地向外发出红外辐射，并以光的速度传播能量。物体向外辐射红外辐射的能量与物体的温度和红外辐射的波长有关。假定物体发射红外辐射的峰值波长为几，它的温度为T，则辐射能量等于红外辐射的峰值波长戈与物体温度T的乘积。这一乘积为一常数，即： 越大。 1.2.2热释电效应 被动式红外探测器又称为热释电红外探测器，其主要工作原理便是热释电效应。热释电效应是指如果使某些强介电质材料(如钦酸钡、钦错酸铅P(zT)等)的物体的温度越高，它所发射的红外辐射的峰值波长越小，发出红外辐射的能量也表面温度发生变化，则随着温度的上升或下降，材
36、料表面发生极化，即表面上就会产生电荷的变化，从而使物质表面电荷失去平衡，最终电荷变化将以电压或电流形式输出。 1.2.3热释电红外传感器的基本结构 热释电红外传感器由传感探测元、干涉滤光片和场效应管匹配器三部分组成。按照探测元的数目来分，热释电红外传感器有单元、双元和四元等几种，用于人体探测的红外传感器采用双元或四元式结构。按照热释电红外传感器的用途来分，有以下几种：用于测量温度的传感器，它的工作波长为纳米;用于火焰探测的传感器，它的工作波长为0.435+/-0.15纳米;用于人体探测的传感器，它的工作波长为715脚。图1.2是一个双探测元的热释电红外传感器的结构示意图。该传感器将两个极性相反
37、、特性一致的探测元串接在一起，目的在于消除因环境温度和自身变化引起的干扰。它利用两个极性相反、大小相等的干扰信号在内部相互抵消的原理，使传感器起到补偿作用。当人体处于静止状态时，两元件极化程度相同，相互抵消;当人体移动时，两元件极化程度不同，净输出电压不为0，从而达到探测移动人体的目的。 1.2.4热释电红外探测器的基本原理 热释电红外传感器通过接收移动人体辐射出的特定波长的红外线，可以将其转化为与人体运动速度，距离，方向有关的低频电信号。当防范区域内没有移动的人体时，由于所有的背景物体(如墙壁、家具等)在室温下红外辐射的能量比较小，而且基本上是稳定的，所以不能触发报警器。当有人体突然进入探测
38、区域时，会造成红外辐射能量的突然变化，红外探测器将接收到的活动人体与背景物体之间的红外热辐射能量的变化转化为相应的电信号，电信号的大小，决定于敏感元件温度变化的快慢，经过后级比较器与状态控制器产生相应的输出信号U。，送往报警器，发出报警信号。红外探测器的探测波长为814微米，人体的红外辐射波长正好处于这个范围之内，因此能较好的探测到活动的人体。 2 硬件系统设计 2.1 红外防盗报警系统的硬件设计 由于本设计侧重于家庭防盗，实时监控的范围比较狭窄，因此本设计只需使用一个被动式红外探测器就足够。为此，红外智能防盗报警系统的具体设计要求为： l(1) 完成对高灵敏度红外传感器的设计，使其能对所发生
39、的警情进行实时、准确的探测。 (2)可进行自动报警(自动拨号报警和声光报警)。 我们设计此系统必须具有以下功能模块： l1. 被动式红外探测器; l2. 声光报警; l3. 电话自动拨号功能; l4. 持续不间断供电; 根据系统所要完成的功能，我们采用单片机作为系统的核心单元，将电子探测、智能控制和电话通讯技术相结合，形成一个两级联网通讯的防盗报警系统。系统总体架构简图如图3.1所示。 2.2电话自动拨号报警电路的设计 为了简化整个系统的设计流程，我们不采用MT880芯片拨号。具体实现过程如下： 先在电话机的存储里面存上家庭主人的手机号码或报警电话110.从单片机的引脚p2.0和p2.1引出两
40、条接线接继电器，一条接电话机键盘的免提键，另外一条接电话机键盘的自动重拨键，由于电话键盘扫描是类似单片机键盘扫描，所以可以让单片机先给p2.0一个信号，让电话免提，然后再给p2.1一个信号，让继电器接通，给自动重拨键一个电位，让电话机自动拨号，这样就能完成系统报警功能。 2.3系统工作原理 整个系统的硬件部分主要包括六个部分:MCU模块;红外探测器;声光报警电路;电话自动拨号报警电路;电源电路;工作状态指示电路。其系统工作原理为:传感器将探测到的信号送到前置信号处理器处理，单片机判断到P1.0口有脉冲下降沿跳变信号时立刻转到声光报警程序，这时蜂鸣器报警，红灯快速闪烁，过程持续30s。在这30s
41、内如果有人按下消除报警的开关，则解除报警。如果这段时间没有人解除报警，则证明家里没有人，系统会在30s后自动触发电话机报警，完成整个系统的工作工程。之后，单片机会继续循环回到判断P1.0口，等待下一次报警。 2.4 系统总的电路图 在用proteus模拟系统时，系统电路由晶振电路，声光报警电路组成。其中，我们用接P1.0的开光模拟红外线传感器，要求当开关按下时，电平由高跳到低，这相当于，传感器检测到人的状态，电话线用P2.0和P2.1引出，在这里不模拟电话线路图。 图3.5 3 软件系统设计 3.1主控模块程序设计 单片机在初始加电时，电压处于不稳定状态，导致此时的单片机不稳定，一般在上电后都
42、要对系统加一段延时。延时后单片机检测P1口状态，检测电平信号是否突变，如果是则调用报警处理程序，包括自动拨号程序和声光报警程序，如果电平没有出项变化，则继续检测P1口状态。 主程序流程图参见图4.1。 图4.1主程序流程图 3.2 系统开发所采用的编程与调试平台 本系统语言采用汇编语言编写，因此选用wave6000，他具有单片机程序的编辑、编译与调试等功能，并生成十六进制的.hex机器文件，通过TOPWIN刻录软件可写入单片机程序存储器中。仿真软件选用Proteus，他是来自英国Labcenter electronics公司的EDA工具软件。其电路仿真是互动的，针对微处理器的应用，还可以直接在
43、基于原理图的虚拟原型上编程，并实现软件源码级的实时调试，如有显示及输出，还能看到运行后输入输出的效果。 4系统调试与试验 4.1 软件调试 采用模块化程序设计思想，首先调试子程序，然后逐级叠加调试，通过Proteus仿真软件调试，证明程序能实现其功能。 4.2 系统调试 通过电路的焊接，各个模块功能的调试。我把硬件所出现的错误都调整过来了，另外，在红外线那一块，由于是用人体热释电开关改装的，所以在必须用胶布把光敏电阻包起来，已到达白天和黑夜都能报警的功能。最总系统调试通过，误差符合要求。 5 结束语 本系统采用了热释电红外传感器，它的制作简单成本低，安装比较方便，而且防盗性能比较稳定，抗干扰能力强，灵敏度高，安全可靠。
