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1、大学英语作文笔记 理论篇 一、前言 (一)最新作文得分统计：四级新题型考试后，一项内部阅卷统计显示考生作文标准得分36分下为30%，36分63分为40%，63分85分为20%，85分以上为10%。70%的考生得分为63 以下。 写作中应该注意的问题 1. 长度问题： 四级作文一般120150词为宜： 第一部分34句； 第二部分68句 第三部分34句 2. 格式问题 3 结构正确 4.卷面整洁 5.字体工整 6. 语法无误 7. 中心突出 8. 内容完整 四级写作中语言重于内容： 1. 词汇方面： 拼写错误 谓语动词过于简单：主要表现在用词单一；时态和语态单一 2. 句子方面：语法错误： 主谓不
2、一致； 时态问题； 语态问题 句型单一 3. 篇章方面： 常用三段式 三个主题句 有闪光点 疯狂使用定语从句 二、高分作文的要素 1、结构清晰。 2、语言丰富。 3、内容充实。 4.出现亮点： 遣词造句要地道 开头结尾破常规 适当应用修辞法 恰当使用警言句 三、四级写作过程 ()前写作阶段：审题、列提纲 1 第一步：解决文章内容问题：读懂考题，划出考题要点 第二步：解决文章结构问题：依据要点，打开思路 例1、中心思想 interview is good 分论点interview forces us to study harder(第一方) interview is good to employ
3、er company(第二方对方) interview is good to society(第三方) 第三步帅选出最佳写作思路，从多个角度考虑一个相同的问题：第一方-己方；第二方对方；第三方 2 写作阶段： 1任务： 解决文章语言问题 2 成功语言体现的几个方面： (1) 长句、短句错落有致 (2) 倒装、强调适当穿插 (3) 主动、被动合理应用 (4) 比较结构巧妙应用 3 选择的适切性 (1) 考虑读者与作者的关系 (2) 语言的正式程度 四 四级考试作文的结构要求 1引言段：表明文章话题，吸引读者兴趣，暗示正文内容 用数字： e.g.: Nowadays tens of thousan
4、ds university students are graduated from school, and they all want to be successful in this modern world. 用问题 e.g.: Do you know any university students who do not want to succeed in the society? What does it take for them to succeed in the modern society? 用引语 e.g.: Success comes not only from persp
5、iration and inspiration, but also from sati factory performance in interview. commented Dr Kenly in his book. 开门见山式 e.g.: In the modern society, almost all university students look forward to success 驳论式 e.g.: As the modem society puts more emphasis on personal difference and personal values, it pro
6、vides more opportunities for students to seek success. However, the fact is that not everyone can succeed. Success calls for certain opportunities, but more importantly, it calls for many personal qualities. 2 正文段的写法 (1)第一部分： 本段主题句 (2)第二部分： 三组支持的论据(以下R=理由)： R1 + R2 + Example2 + R3 R1+ Example1；R2 +
7、Example2； R3 + Example3 (3)第三部分：简单重复本段内容 3 结论段的写法： (1)总结的写法： 简单的重复前文内容 (2)评论的写法： 自己的观点 实战篇 一、四级写作构思文章 确保文章内容正确 确保文章内容充实 1 expert testimony 专家证言 2 statistics 统计数计法 3 example 举例法 权威事例 身边事例 举例万能公式： if + if not + so-增加文章长度 所举事例必须是积极而非消极的 4 personal experience 个人经历 e.g： 如果有电脑，我就玩游戏；如果没电脑，我就认真学习，所以电脑不好。 改
8、为：如果有电脑，他们就天天玩游戏，没人和我一起学英语。 5 logic and reasoning 逻辑推理法 why (分析问题段)： R1; R2 + E; R3. 或 R1 +权威事例； R2+ 身边事例 How 宏观观点+ 他人观点 + 自己观点 6 known facts 常识法 7 analogy 类比法 二 四级作文常用句式： 1 there be 结构: 时态变化 单复数变化 (1) be动词变化 There is a concert last night. There are(is an ) English book, a dictionary and some(+other
9、 ) books on the desk. (2) There are many people (+who ) like to go to movies. There were many friends (+who )visited our school. 2否定结构 (1)词的否定： need 和 have 的否定: neednt / havent dont need to/ dont have to have no (2) 否定转移 ：与思维、大脑有关的动词需要用否定转移 (3) 部分否定： 指all, both, every与not 构成的成分 I dont(x) remember (n
10、ot) all the details. 全部否定： 指肯定式的谓语动词+ 否定意义的词 I have never seen such things before. (4) 双重否定： 其功能表肯定 加强语气 She is too sensitive not to notice that. (5)具有否定意义的短语： by no means in no way in no wise on no account eg: The problems are by no means difficult to solve. On no account are you to cheat in the co
11、ming exams. The situation is serious in no wise.(=is not serious) (6) 常用于否定的词组： at all by many means in any way in the least eg: I am not tired in the least. (7)含有否定词不含否定意义: cant but do sth.; cant help doing 不含否定词但否定意义 ：free， fail to do, lack, short 3 比较结构 eg: The climate in Shengyang is colder than
12、 (+that in )other cities. Comparing ( Compared )with cars, train runs much faster. (1) 同级比较 我叔叔和你父亲一样高。 这个杯子里的水和那个杯子里的水一样多。 你的帽子和我的帽子一样。 (2) 比较级 和英语相比我更擅长物理。 (3) 固定句型： A：“越越” 他越忙越感到快乐。 你越努力取得的进步越大。 B：句子主要成分+比较级+and+比较级 假期航班越来越不贵了。 在这上面花的时间越来越多。 C：句子的主要成分+the+比较级+of the two 这是两个问题中比较简单的一个。 D：句子成分+mor
13、e than+ He is more than a singer; he is a famous composer. A science is more than a large amount of information on some subject. -I am more than sad to hear that. -More than 70% of people are man. (4) 选择比较： 与其说他聪明，不如说他幸运。 在春节，人们宁愿在家一起看电视，也不要出去旅游。 4. 因果结构 原因类 My secretary didnt attend the meeting bec
14、ause he was ill. I wont tell you about it since youve not interested. We went without him as he wasnt ready in time. -In that he is very busy, he feels unable to do it. -She didnt get the job on the ground that she was young. -Not that I dont like the novel, but that I have no time for it. (2)结果类 Ev
15、eryone work hard, so that the work was finished ahead of achedule. -I was asleep, with the result that I didnt heat the telephone. -He studied hard, so he passed the exam. (3) 动词短语 前因后果 : lead to, contribute to 前果后因: credit to, attribute to 混合因果: be bound up with, be associated with, 5 目的结构: with th
16、e purpose of 我们采取这样的措施是为了解决这个问题。. 为了使每个人都理解，请大声的把它说出来。 我记下他的地址，以免忘记。 他打他儿子的电话好让他听他的话。 6 条件结构： 如果不努力学习是永远不会成功的。 如果措施可以及时采取的话，问题就会被解决的。 7 并列结构: Winter had gone and spring is here. Not only is he himself interested in the subject but also his son is beginning to show an interest in it. We had to cope w
17、ith the action from the enemy as well as the shortage of food, clothing , and almost everything. 8 It 句型结构 (1) lt+be+名词/形容词 +(for+名词/代词) + 动词不定式 Nice , difficult, interesting, essential, important, easy, hard, possible, useful, lovely, wonderful, pleasant 等。 保护环境是我们的责任。 我来参加这个演讲是很荣幸的。 (2) It+be+形容词
18、+of+名词/代词+动词不定式 Foolish, good, kind, nice, polite, rude, wise, wrong, modest, considerate, bold, generous, selfish, careful 等。 她连母亲的生日都忘记了，实在是太粗心了。 -你们考虑真周到，为我们做好一切必要的准备。. (3) 强调句 It+be+被强调部分+that I hope people can realize the urgency to solve this problem as soon as possible, (陈述句) I do hope people
19、 can realize the urgency to solve this problem as soon as possible, (强调句) 9 简单句与复合句的转换 (1) 简单句的基本结构 主语+谓语 Jim laughs. 主语+系动词+表语 Mary looks ill. 主语+谓语+宾语 The girl likes ice cream. 主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语 My sister sent me a beautiful dress. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 I heard someone screaming. (2) I now announce my deci
20、sion. I, who am a senior of the English department, now announce my decision that I will run for the chairman of the student union. 10 主动句与被动句之间的转换 Every time Mary is going to have a journey, she doesnt know what clothes she should take. Every time Mary is going to have a journey, she doesnt know what clothes should be taken. We should pay more attention to the elderly who had devoted their youth and energy to our country. More attention should be paid to the elderly who had devoted their youth and energy to our country.
