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1、如何教小孩学英语For more information about EF English First visit TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION ONE: The 7 Hidden Values of Homework- 3 SECTION TWO: Building good study habits - 5 SECTION THREE: Managing homework - 8 SECTION FOUR: How to motivate your child to study - 13 SECTION FIVE: Language Learning Strategi
2、es- 15 SECTION SIX: Tips from an EF teacher- 23 SECTION SEVEN: Extra resources for kids and teens - 27 目录 第一部分：家庭作业的7大秘密- 3 第二部分：养成良好的学习习惯- 5 第三部分：合理安排家庭作业 - 8 第四部分：如何激励孩子学习 - 13 第五部分：语言学习策略- 15 第六部分：EF教师对学习英语的建议- 23 第七部分：补充学习用资源- 27 1 / 26 For more information about EF English First visit SECTION O
3、NE 第一部分 The Seven Hidden Values of Homework 家庭作业的7大秘密 Homework affects achievement in school Research tells us that time spent doing homework directly affects a childs achievement. Students who consistently do homework perform better academically than those who do not do homework. By doing homework,
4、 students can improve academic achievement in all subjects. This occurs across all grade levels for both high and low achievers. Parents can maximize the benefit of homework for your child when you understand the purpose of it and the values it engenders. 家庭作业有助学习成绩 研究表明花在家庭作业上的时间直接影响一个孩子的学习成绩。那些一直完
5、成家庭作业的孩子比那些不做家庭作业的孩子在学习上取得的成绩更好。学生们通过完成家庭作业可以在所有的科目上取得进步。这种现象在各年级中都有出现，无论学生的学习能力强还是弱。 家长理解家庭作业的目的和其价值后可以最大限度的帮助孩子从中获益。 The Seven Hidden Values of Homework 1. Responsibility: Homework is the childs responsibility. When parents get too involved they deny the child the opportunity to take responsibilit
6、y. The homework task may get done but the real lessons do not get learned. 2. Independence: Because this is the first time that someone other than a parent assigns frequent tasks to the child, homework breaks new ground. How this golden opportunity is handled will enhance or detract from the childs
7、progress toward self-direction. 3. Perseverance: There is no point to a child doing homework, if every time the gets frustrated, parents step right in and take over. It is alright to let the child struggle a little with a problem or task. 2 / 26 For more information about EF English First visit 4. T
8、ime management: Children need to be told when to finish homework, not when to start it. That way, instead of learning to waste time, the child learns to manage it efficiently. 5. Initiative: Like a muscle, the ability to be a self-starter strengthens with exercise. For this reason, it is essential t
9、hat the child decides when it is time to begin each homework assignment. 6. Self-reliance: Homework can affirm a childs feeling of I CAN DO IT! If homework is mismanaged, it destroys that feeling. Unfortunately, there is no in-between. 7. Resourcefulness: The ability to be inventive in the face of p
10、roblems is the very essence of being human. Homework encourages students to use lateral thinking, problem solving and other coping mechanisms, equipping them to meet the demands of the adult world. 家庭作业的7大秘密 1. 责任感：家庭作业是孩子的责任。如果家长替孩子完成作业，那么家长就剥夺了孩子承担责任的机会，同时这样做也仅仅是完成作业本身而已，真正的知识孩子没有学到。 2. 独立性：对于孩子来说
11、，这可能是第一次家长以外的人给他们布置作业，家庭作业可能是非常新奇的事情。如何引导孩子认识家庭作业可以给他们以后的进步带来帮助也可以让他们向错误的方向发展。 3. 坚持力：如果每次孩子遇到困难家长就帮孩子解决掉，那么家庭作业就没有任何意义了。让孩子自己尽力去解决问题会比较合适。 4. 管理时间：我们应该告诉孩子何时完成作业，而不是何时开始做作业。这样，孩子就会学会如何有效使用时间而不是学会浪费时间。 5. 自发性：自发性就像肌肉一样，越锻炼就越强。所以，培养孩子能够自己决定应该什么时候开始做作业的能力是非常关键的。 6. 自信度：家庭作业能够强化孩子“我能做到！”这种感觉。如果家庭作业安排不合
12、理，那么也可以伤害孩子的这种自信。基本上没有介于这两者之间的情况。 7. 适应力：对于人类而言，碰到困难的时候是否具有能力找到新的解决方法是非常重要的。家庭作业可以培养孩子突破思维定势的思考能力，问题的解决能力和其他适应性能力，这些可以帮助他们以后更好的适应成年人的世界。 3 / 26 For more information about EF English First visit SECTION TWO 第二部分 Building good study habits 养成良好的学习习惯 Getting started Develop a homework system. Find a ti
13、me, place and plan that becomes as routine as soon as possible. Make study a part of this daily routine: teach your child to pace their study, rather than cramming at the last minute. Study daily in short segments. As you read the homework tips below, keep in mind that patience and step-by-step mana
14、gement are vital to developing organizational skills in your child. Remember: The most promising approach is to MODEL and COACH. MODEL by demonstrating the behavior and approach you want to encourage. COACH by slowly and gradually building upon their progress and appreciating every step they take to
15、ward independence. 如何起步 你可以制定一个家庭作业系统。规划出时间，地点和安排，让这些尽快成为孩子的日常活动。把学习放到这个日常活动中去，你可以教孩子如何合理安排学习，而不是让他们急急忙忙的赶作业。最好每天都花一点时间学习。 在你阅读下面的家庭作业小窍门的时候，请记住耐心和逐步渐进对于培养孩子的管理能力是非常关键的。请记住： 孩子需要安全的稳定感，威胁孩子是不必要的 对孩子过高的要求会让孩子变得迟钝 总是不让孩子面对困难会降低他们对于独立生活的自信心 To threaten children can destabilize them To overwhelm them ca
16、n immobilize them Yet, to rescue them can undermine their self-confidence in their ability to take charge of their lives. 4 / 26 For more information about EF English First visit 最推荐的方法是榜样和引导。榜样的意思是你希望孩子怎么做你就应该做出这个榜样来给孩子看。引导的意思是在孩子成长的每一步中我们都慢慢的逐步的指引他们，并赞赏他们在通往独立的道路上所取得的每个成就。 Give your child choices
17、Some children are comfortable alone or in their bedroom while others will choose the kitchen table. Give your child the choice of where to study, but set some guidelines. Your child should: 让孩子做选择 有些孩子愿意自己一个人或者待在自己的房间里，而有些孩子喜欢比较公开的地方例如餐桌。让你的孩子选择在什么什么地方学习，但是要做出一些规定。你的孩子应该： 每天在同一个地方学习 学习的地方应该有硬台面 选择安静
18、没有太多干扰的地方 Create and organize a study space conducive for learning Have your child organize their workspace or do it with him/her. Consider what supplies the child might need (dictionary, pens, books, a notebook, etc). There should be a storage area to keep supplies and work. Store each and every th
19、ing in its place and return things to their place after use. You may even consider labeling in English where supplies belong. Also consider how the child will organize paper work. Usually the teacher will determine whether a notebook or folder 关掉电视，电脑游戏，音乐和手机 确保学习的地方照明良好 确保手边有需要的学习用品 Study in the sa
20、me place every day Do work on a hard surface Choose a place that is quiet, without a lot of distractions or traffic (As a parent, ask yourselfcan you concentrate there? Is the noise level right for you?) Turn off the TV, computer games, music, mobile Make sure that the area is well lit Have supplies
21、 at their fingertips 5 / 26 For more information about EF English First visit will be used. (Tip: Dont throw away old tests, homework or papers. File them so you have the information for later reference and to study for tests.) 创造一个有学习气氛的学习空间 让你的孩子整理出一个良好的学习空间或者你和他们一起整理。想想他们可能需要什么学习用品，可能他们需要字典，笔，书，笔
22、记本等等。最好有个储存空间，这样可以把所有的学习用品都分门别类放好，并且要求孩子在使用后把学习用品放回原处。你还可以考虑给不同的学习用品放置区贴上英文的标签，还可以考虑如何放置书面作业。通常教师都会决定是否使用笔记本或文件夹。小窍门：不要扔掉过去的试卷，家庭作业和文档。你可以把它们归档留作后用。 6 / 26 For more information about EF English First visit SECTION THREE 第三部分 Managing homework 合理安排家庭作业 Help your child organize time Homework for the s
23、chool-aged child is an opportunity to learn the valuable organizational skills for strong study habits. Children need to learn to effectively manage their time- both their free time and their homework time- for school and life success. Here are a few ideas to get them started. 帮助你孩子安排时间 对于已满学龄的孩子来说，
24、做家庭作业是他们学习管理能力的一种很好的方式，这可以帮助他们养成良好的学习习惯。孩子们需要学会如何有效分配利用他们的空闲时间和家庭作业时间，这样他们才能学得开心玩得开心。下面有一些相关建议。 Prioritize A good way to manage time is to make a prioritized to-do list so that the most important tasks are completed first and the less important ones are completed last. Practice this with your child.
25、 List the activities your child must do. Start with the time school finishes and record what your child must do from then until bedtime. On a daily basis, have your child prioritize their homework assignments onto a to-do list. (TIP: Do the most difficult tasks first.) 学会分清主次 一个管理时间的好方法就是按照事情的重要程度列出
26、一个单子。最重要的事情最先完成，最不重要的最后完成。你可以和孩子一起练习列这种单子。列出从放学后到睡觉前所有你孩子必须作的事情。每天都要你的孩子按照重要性的不同把家庭作业列入必做事情单子。小窍门：先做最困难的事情。 Use a calendar 7 / 26 For more information about EF English First visit Use a calendar to keep track of dates and deadlines. Teach your child to record information in advance so they can plan
27、for upcoming assignments and events. For a great activity, have you child design their own calendar. 使用日历 使用日历可以记录跟踪每次要做的事情的时间和最后期限。教你的孩子如何提前纪录下要做的事情，这样他们就能够提前安排作准备了。你还可以要你孩子自己设计他们自己的日历。 Make a personalized calendar Directions: 1. Find a blank calendar or create a template yourself. 2. Write the nam
28、e of the month on the top of the 12 blank calendar pages. Put them in order in a folder or on a bulletin board/wall. 3. Go through each month and write the names of important events- tests, assignment dates, vacation dates, sports schedules, birthdays, party dates, etc. 4. Glue to a piece of constru
29、ction paper and creatively decorate the background for each calendar to give it a personal touch. 5. Punch holes at the side, if using a folder. If hanging, put holes at the top and string together with two loops of string. Then hang with paper clips. 6. Each month, add important dates to your calen
30、dar. (TIP: Try color-coding events for a quick at-a-glance reference. For example: write homework in red, tests in blue, vacation dates in green and so on). 如何制作个性化的日历 制作步骤： 1. 找到一个空白的日历或者你自己设计制作一个. 2. 在12张空白日历纸的上方写下每个月的名称。按照顺序排列好后放入一个文件夹或挂起来。 3. 在每个月中标明重要事项的日期，例如，考试日，作业上交日，假日，体育锻炼安排，生日，聚会日等等。 4. 用胶
31、水把日历贴到一张彩色硬质纸上，并装饰其背景，使之更富有个性。 5. 如果使用文件夹，在日历边上打好洞。如果要悬挂起来，在日历上方打好洞，用两根绳子穿起来，然后可以使用夹子把日历挂起来。 8 / 26 For more information about EF English First visit 6. 每个月都把重要的日子添加到日历中。 Make a weekly study plan Transfer important events from your monthly calendar to your weekly plan. Put all assignments and due da
32、tes in it. Make sure it is visible or close-at-hand for quick reference. Estimate how long assignments and activities will take. Only when a child can estimate the time it takes to complete a job, can they make good choices as to when to start. Model this for your child. Before each assignment, esti
33、mate how long it will take to complete. Then time your child to see how close the estimates are. How close are their predictions? Keep a record of the childs estimate time and completion time on a chart like the one below: Date 如何制作周学习计划 把你日历中每个月重要的事情也记录在你的周计划中。记录下所有要交的作业和上交日期。确保你的周计划表随时可以看到，这样方便及时对
34、照。预估各种作业和活动需要花费的时间。只有当孩子事先明白为了完成作业他们需要多少时间后，他们才会好好的考虑他们应该什么时候开始。 我们可以给孩子做个示范。在开始做事情前，预估要花费多少时间，然后纪录下孩子实际花费的时间，让他们看看预估和实际时间的差别。你可以参考下面的表格来记录孩子每次的预估时间和实际时间。 日期 Break down projects into smaller tasks Break down big assignments into smaller parts to make time for each part. This prevents it from becomin
35、g overwhelming and discourages waiting until the last minute. Make a three-step plan. 1. List the big jobs necessary to complete the assignment. Write them in order in which they should be done. 任务 预估时间 实际时间 备注 Task Estimate time Actual time Other Comments 9 / 26 For more information about EF Englis
36、h First visit For example: Book report on 240 page book due in 14 days. o Read the book o Write the paper 2. Divide the number of days you have to complete the assignment by the number of big jobs to figure out how many days you have to complete each big job. For example: 14 days divided 2 jobs = 7
37、days for each job 3. Divide the big jobs into smaller parts so the child can complete one small part each day. For example: If 7 days to read the book: Day One: read to page 30 Day Two: read to page 65 Day Three: read to page 120 化整为零式学习 把大的学习任务分解成多个较小的任务，这样完成每个较小任务的时间都会比较清楚。这样就不会给孩子过重的学习压力也不会让他们失去坚
38、持完成的信心。我们可以制作一个3步曲。 1. 列出对完成任务有重大意义的事项。按照先后顺序把它们写下来。 例如：14天后上交一份读书心得，该书共有240页 o 阅读该书 o 书写读书心得 2. 用重大事项的数量除总共可用的天数。 例如：14 天 / 2 项任务 = 7 天/任务 3. 把每项任务分成更小的任务让孩子每天完成。例如： 7 天完成阅读: 第一天: 读到第30页 第二天: 读到第65页 第三天: 读到第120页 第四天: 读到第150页 7天完成写作： 第一天: 整理思路 第二天: 写草稿 第三天：自我编排和修正 第四天：让妈妈编排 If 7 days to write the pa
39、per Day One: Brainstorm and structure ideas Day Two: Write a rough draft Day Three: Self-edit and rewrite Day Four: Mom edits Day Six: Final draft Day Seven: Illustration and Cover 10 / 26 For more information about EF English First visit 第五天: 读到第180页 第六天: 读到第210页 第七天: 读到第240页 第五天：自我编排和修正 第六天：定稿 第七天
40、：插图，说明，封面 11 / 26 For more information about EF English First visit SECTION FOUR 第四部分 How to motivate your child to study 如何激励孩子学习 Praise Consistently praise your child everyday for what they are doing well. Dont save the praise for only the top score. Tell your child specifically what you like abou
41、t what they are doing or what they have done. A hug or pat on the shoulder increases the messages impact. When possible involve other adults in helping you praise your child. Heres how: 赞扬 在你的孩子表现好的时候时不时地给予赞扬。不要只是在他们得高分时才赞扬他们。特别要告诉你的孩子，他们在过去和现在有什么是你觉得做的好的。一个拥抱或在肩膀上轻轻拍一下都可以有很好的效果。如果有可能，让别的大人和你一起赞扬你的孩
42、子。就比如： 一位家长赞扬孩子的行为和取得的成绩 这位家长在别人面前赞扬孩子 然后其他家长也赞扬这个孩子 Incentives When praise is not enough, sometimes we have to use other incentives to get your child motivated. An incentive is something that pushes a child into action. Once children start working on their own, the rewards can be phased out but mak
43、e sure to keep up the praise. It is important to note that reward do not have to be expensive. More than anything, children want their parents attention. Rewards may include watching their favorite movie together, going to the park or getting an ice-cream together. 奖励 One parent praises the child fo
44、r their behavior or achievement This parent praises the child in front of another person (family friend, grandparent, or other parent) The other person now praises the child 12 / 26 For more information about EF English First visit 当赞扬不足以给孩子激励时，有时我们可以用奖励来激励孩子。奖励也就是推动孩子行动的东西。一旦孩子开始自己行动时，奖励可以慢慢去除，取而代之的是继续给予赞扬。非常重要的一点是不要用很贵的奖品
