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1、中国地质大学（北京）博士入学考试英语辅导材料中国地质大学博士入学英语考试改错题I. 考点总览1. 名词单复数2003 4. Please let me express my gratitude for all your help. 2003 6. maintenance of our equipment.2004. 4 According to the information from the survey 2008. 7 The main experiment is actually a series of complex lab processes. 2. 冠词2002. 3. Its n
2、ot always wise to give an honest answer. 2004. 3 Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland but only the fourth or fifth largest in the United Kingdom. 2008. 1 I have an urgent matter 2008 3 At the end of May I am to accompany minister of agriculture to an FAQ conference in Rome. 3. 名词所有格，名词前用的形容词的排序20
3、02. 4 A famous Chinese scientist 2005. 13 three leading Chinese geologists 4. 名词和数词构成的复合结合2003 6 The inspectors identified a number of problems in our laboratory. 2009. 14 three-hour exam, two-hour long interviews 5. 虚拟语气2003. Part 3 3. the geologist should have made better preparations for their ex
4、pedition. 2003 8 If I were in your position, I would talk privately to employees in the new firm. 2004. 13 It is high time she found a better job. 2009. 7 I wish that I could attend the drilling technology conference in Edinburgh. 2007. 17 Had Li San not neglected his English while he was an undergr
5、aduate, he would have better job prospect today. 6. 比较级2003 6.Among the most 2003 16 Still, the more electricity we use, the higher our bill will be. 2009. 11 They will be compared with those in similar towns in other provinces. 7. 不带to的不定式2007. 4 My brother made me help him repair his car over the
6、weekend. 2007. 11 The massive traffic jam he got caught in on his way to the airport made him miss the plane. 2008. 15 8. 限定性和非限定性定语从句2002 10 After return to China, he threw himself into his work with fresh enthusiasm and quickly produced a series of excellent papers, two of which were published in
7、major science journals. 2004. 20 He has five cars, three of which he scarcely ever use. 2005. 11 In part because of increased demand from China and India, both of which have rapidly growing economies, the prices of oil, iron, and other key resources have almost doubled. 2009. 3 I know that you are b
8、usy with your research, but I nevertheless hope that you would edit the English in the scientific paper, the publication of which may have a considerable impact on my career. 2009. 11 We are conducting a long-term study of employment trends in towns in southern Heibei, which are located on railways.
9、 9. 分词作定语2002. 6 The students are rather stimulated. 2003 14. Jane says she is bored.2004. 10 He is so opposed to the idea. 10. 情态动词2002. 12 Shall 用于第一人称，表示将来2004 11 Tomorrow is a day off for me, so I neednt get up early. 2007. 5 He would often see four or five films a week. 11. 辨析词汇用法2007. 9 My hou
10、se in Shenzhen is quite large and comfortable. 词汇辨析：family 家庭成员；house房子，房屋；home 家 （抽象概念）12. 国家，国家的人2002. 7 In fact the tendency might be more marked among Japanese. 2003. 1 I will be going to the Unite States. 2003 5 Despite the popularity of coffee in the West, not all Europeans and North Americans
11、 drink it. 2005. 18 the Chinese government 2007. 7 Some of the countries inside the EU have open orders for travelers arriving from other EU country. 2007. 12 Next month I am supposed to accompany a delegation to Germany. 2009. 2 Our research group has been seeking a suitable academic partner in the
12、 US. 13. 次数，倍数2003 2 I visited Beijing 3 times. 2009 1. Professor Korsakov and I had visited our main field site five times.2003 11 Since you have come to China for the first time. 生平第一次14. 句子的连接：2002. 20 Even though John still cant drive, he has already bought a car. 2003 7 The university is launch
13、ing a campaign to reduce noise in the areas around dormitories, as many students complain that they cannot sleep at night. 2003 9 He refuses to enter the water even though the sea is perfectly calm and there are no water.200512 I stepped up to the inspection window, and then I showed the customs off
14、icial my ticket. 2006 18 even 2006 20 therefore2007. 13 Last year the government announced a large increase in the amount of money for scientific research. Therefore it should be relatively easy for us to get funding for our next project. 2008. 8 Wang Taos friends all thought he was out of his mind
15、for falling in love with her, for he had never actually met his Japanese friend.15. be of + n. = adj. 2003. 17 Be of + n. be of assistance 帮得上忙；be of importance 重要； be of significance 有重大意义；2009. 6 Today I help one of them to find a new battery for his digital camera, which is of quite unusual desig
16、n.16. 地理方位2002. 8 in northern China 2004. 19 to the south west of Shanghai 2006. 5 living north of the Yellow River 在黄河以北居住2006 14 in the southern part of the province II. 答案总汇：2000: ADABC BBACB BADBD ACDAB2001: CBABA DEBCD BBBBC CBDBD2002: DCBAE DDBEA DCCDA ADECA2003: CAECA DCACA CEEAC CABEA2004: A
17、ACAB BBDBC BEBCB AEAAD2005: DCABC CDEAB BAACB EACDD2006: ABACE CCEDD ABADD DCBCB2007: BDCAE BDAAB CCCAD BEDBD2008: ADAAB CCDBE DCBCA 2009: CBCDD DACAE BEBAAIII. 高频考点：国家：国家/地区国人国人复数国人的The United StatesAmericanAmericansAmerican The United KingdomBritain British manBritish men BritainSouth KoreaThe Eur
18、opean Union European UnionEuropethe EuropeanEuropeansEuropean ChinaChineseChineseChineseAustraliaAustralian Australians Australian FranceFrenchman Frenchmen French GermanyGerman German German Japan Japanese Japanese Japanese Canada Canadian Canadians Canadian Russia Russian Russian Russian Singapore
19、 Singaporean Singaporeans Singaporean 不定冠词An-An honest answer; an MBA title; an urgent matter; an unusual phenomenon；an X-ray A- A UN project, a usual phenomenon, a university 读音中元音开头的词或字母用 an读音时以辅音开头的词或字母用 a定冠词The United States, the United Kingdom; the Yellow River; president of the EU Most of the
20、; All of the .; with the title of ；part of the 不带the的名词China daily中国日报; Mount Everest喜马拉雅峰, North Korea北韩, North America 北美；East Asia东亚， Yangzi River 长江； 常见复数名词：Facilities n. 设施设备； utilities 公共设施，公用事业；常见不可数名词：Help- much help , equipment 设备, trouble麻烦，问题；evidence 证据，根据; advice n. 建议，忠告，a piece of adv
21、ice; furniture n 家具； progress 进步，进展，knowledge 知识；information 信息；luck 幸运； 集合名词：staff全体职员；people, population, police 数量词：A lot of + 可数/不可数A plenty of + 可数/不可数a number of 大量的，许多的+（可数名词）a great/good deal of；an amount of + 不可数名词a series of 一系列的 + 可数名词复数dozens of 许多的+可数名词复数an array of 一群，一排，一批a certain 某一
22、个+名词单数a batch of 一批，一炉（面包等）数词-名词 用连字符相连时，名词用单数Two-hour lecture; three-year old child 常见特殊动词过去式Pass - passed v. 经过 pastadj. 过去Fly- flewBlow-blewTeach-taught； catch -caught 表示时间的表达法Over the holiday 在假期里；for quite a while 持续了一段时间；ever since 从那时刻到现在; a day off 休一天假; by two oclock 截止两点钟in the late 1980s二
23、十世纪八十年代后期in the early 1970s 二十世纪七十年代早期in early 2006 2006年早些时候for a year and a half 一年半since the early 1990s自从二十世纪九十年代起over the years 这些年来in the latter half of the twentieth centure 在二十世纪后半叶late last year 去年晚些时候in May of 2001 2001年五月时at times 有时= occasionally; on occasion 地点方位的表达To the southwest of S
24、hanghai 在上海西南边，且不接壤On the southwest of Shanghai 在上海西南边，但接壤In the southwest of Shanghai 在上海西南，是上海的一部分An expedition to northwest Tibet 去西藏西北部做野外工作North China; south Beijing; west Shanghai areaLiving north of 在。的南边居住 Living north of the Yellow River In the southern part of the province 在这个省的南部 Subway i
25、s under construction in the southern part of Beijing/ south Beijing.表示数量，次数Do sth. times. 做过几次。Do sth. for the time. 生平第。次做。2004 2 I visited Beijing 3 times. 2009 1. Professor Korsakov and I had visited our main field site five times.2004 11 Since you have come to China for the first time. 生平第一次2006
26、 1 Ive been to the airport here dozens of times. 不带to的不定式You should /would better do sth. 命令，指示某人做某事make sb. do sth. （命令，迫使，驱使）让某人做某事；let sb. do sth. (容忍，忍耐)分词作形容词/状语- 被形容的词与动词之间的关系是主动的用-ing; 被动的用-edE.g.： An interesting book- I am interested (in the book.)- 状语跟随的主语与动词的关系是主动发出动作用-ing；是动词发出动作的接受者用-edE
27、.g. : I know the man sitting next to Jack. Ive read his article published in the Science journal. Bore: boring, bored 2003.14Interest: interesting, interested 2002. 4Stimulate: stimulating, stimulated 2002. 6， 2005. 13 副词表示因果，转承关系但不能连接句子Therefore , however, nevertheless, otherwise, then, no doubt 都是
28、adv.表示转承关系，但不能连接句子。Once, as as , as long as 是连词，可以引导句子虚拟语气1） 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。2） 在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。1 真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。 时态关系句型： 条件从句 主句 一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形If he comes, he will bring his violin.
29、典型例题The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意：1） 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2） 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +
30、动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。2 非真实条件句1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。a. 同现在事实相反的假设。句型 ： 条件从句主句 一般过去时should( would) +动词原形 If they were here, they would help you.b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型： 条件从句 主句过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词 If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. The rice would not have been burnt if
31、you had been more careful. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it. 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have m
32、ade greater progress. 含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.c. 表示对将来的假想句型： 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 should+ 动词原形 were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形 should+ 动词原形If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed,
33、everything would be all right.3 混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).4 虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were,
34、should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.注意： 在虚拟语气的从句中，动
35、词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前,
36、 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Werent I to do.5 特殊的虚拟语气词：should1） It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。句型：(1)suggestedIt is (2)importantthat+ (should) do(3) a pity(1)suggested, ordered, pr
37、oposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do (2)important, necessary, natural, strangea pity, a shame, no wonder(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week. It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order, sugge
38、st, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.注意： 如suggest, insist不表示建议 或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.判
39、断改错:（错）You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. (对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill. (错) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. (对) I insisted that you were wrong.3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。 My idea is tha
40、t we (should) get more people to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.6 wish的用法1）用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为： 真实状况wish后 从句动作先于主句动词动作现在时过去时（be的过去式为 were） 从句动作与主句动作同时发生过去时过去完成时（had + 过去分词）将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could +动词原形I wish I were a
41、s tall as you.我希望和你一样高。He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。2）Wish to do表达法。 Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)7 比较if only与
42、only ifonly if表示只有；if only则表示如果就好了。If only也可用于陈述语气。I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。If only he comes early.但愿他早点回来。8 It is (high) time thatIt is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。 It is time that the children went
43、 to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed.9 need 不必做和本不该做didnt need to do表示： 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。.neednt have done表示： 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。John went to the station with the car to
44、meet Mary, so she neednt have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。)典型例题There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurriedC. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried答案D。neednt have done. 意为本不必，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。Mustnt have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldnt have done, 不可能已经。 must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）。定语从句句子结构：主 + 谓/系动词 +（宾/表语）名词 动词或者be和feel, get等 名词，形容词，分词名词词组动词词组 名词，形容词词组相当于名词的句子 修饰动词的部分：adv 相当于以上成分的句子修饰主语的形容词 修饰动词的从句（状语从句）修饰宾语的从句修饰主语的从句（定语从句） 定语从句或者补语从句）Student will pass the exam. Who
