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1、小学生必须掌握的常用英语单词小学生必须掌握的常用英语单词 一、基数词 1-10: one two three four five six seven eight nine ten 11-19: eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen nineteen 20-29: twenty 21twenty-one以此类推 30-39: thirty 31thirty-one以此类推 40-49: forty 41forty-one以此类推 50-59: fifty 51fifty-one以此类推 60-69: sixty 61s
2、ixty-one以此类推 70-79: seventy 71seventy-one 以此类推 80-89: eighty 81eighty-one以此类推 90-99: ninety 91ninety-one以此类推100: one hundred 1000: One thousand 10000: ten thousand 百万: one million 二、序数词 第1 -10：first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth 第11-19 ：eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourte
3、enth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth 第20-29：twentieth twenty-first twenty-second twenty-third twenty-fourth twenty-fifth twenty-sixth twenty-seventh twenty-eighth twenty-ninth Thirty Forty Fifty Sixty Seventy Eighty Ninety 第100 one hundredth 第1000 one thousandth 第1001 one thous
4、andth and one 三、1-12个月 January 一月 February 二月 March 三月 April 四月 May 五月 1 June 六月 July 七月 August八月 September 九月 October 十月 November 十一月 December 十二月 四、四个季节 spring 春季 summer 夏季 autumn/fall 秋季winter 冬季 五、周一-周日 星期一Monday 星期二Tuesday 星期三 Wednesday 星期四 Thursday 星期五Friday 星期六 Saturday 星期天Sunday 六、家庭成员称谓 父亲：
5、father 母亲：mother 哥哥：brother 姐姐：sister, 祖父：grandfather 祖母：grandmother叔叔：uncle 阿姨：aunt, 堂哥/姐：brother/sister-in-law 侄子：nephew 丈夫：husband妻子：wife 女儿：daughter 儿子：son 七、体育运动 体操gymnastics 游泳swimming 击剑fencing 举重weightlifting 棒球baseball 篮球 basketball排球 volleyball 乒乓球table tennis 足球 soccer /football 跳水 diving
6、 水球water polo 垒球 softball 网球tennis赛艇canoe 冲浪surfing自行车 cycling 羽毛球badminton 田径 track and field 手球 handball 摔交wrestling 拳击 boxing 射箭 toxophily 射击 shooting 柔道 judo 骑马 equestrian 曲棍球 hockey 橄榄球rugby 八、学习用品 pen钢笔 pencil铅笔 pencil-case铅笔盒 ruler尺子 book书 bag包 comic book漫画书 post card明信片 newspaper报纸 schoolbag
7、书包 eraser橡皮 crayon蜡笔sharpener卷笔刀story-book故事书 notebook笔2 记本Chinese book语文书English book英语书math book数学书 magazine杂志dictionary词典 九、人体： foot脚head头face脸hair头发nose鼻子mouth嘴eye眼睛ear耳朵arm手臂hand手finger手指leg腿tail尾巴 十、颜色 red红blue蓝yellow黄green绿white白black黑pink粉红purple紫orange橙brown棕 十一、动物： cat猫dog狗pig猪duck鸭rabbit兔
8、horse马elephant大象ant蚂蚁fish鱼bird鸟eagle鹰beaver海狸snake蛇mouse老鼠squirrel松鼠kangaroo袋鼠monkey猴panda熊猫bear熊lion狮子tiger 老虎 十二、职业： teacher教师student学生doctor医生nurse护士driver司机farmer农民singer歌唱家writer作家actor男演员actress女演员artist画家TV reporter电视台记者engineer工程师accountant会计policeman(男)警察salesperson销售员cleaner清洁工baseball pla
9、yer棒球运动员assistant售货员police警察 十三、食品、饮料： rice米饭bread面包beef牛肉milk牛奶water水egg蛋fish鱼tofu豆腐cake蛋糕hot dog热狗hamburger汉堡包French fries炸薯条cookie曲奇 biscuit饼干jam果酱noodles面条meat肉chicken鸡肉pork猪肉mutton羊肉vegetable蔬菜salad沙拉soup汤ice冰ice-cream冰淇淋Coke可乐juice3 果汁tea茶coffee咖啡breakfast早餐lunch午餐dinner/supper晚餐meal一餐 十四、水果、蔬
10、菜： apple苹果banana香蕉pear梨orange橙watermelon西瓜grape葡萄eggplant茄子green beans青豆tomato西红柿potato土豆peach桃 strawberry草莓cucumber黄瓜onion洋葱carrot胡萝卜cabbage卷心菜 十五、衣服： jacket夹克衫shirt衬衫T-shirt丅恤衫skirt短裙子dress连衣裙jeans牛仔裤pants长裤socks袜子shoes鞋子sweater毛衣coat上衣raincoat雨衣shorts短裤sneakers网球鞋slippers拖鞋sandals凉鞋 boots靴子hat(有沿
11、的)帽子cap便帽 sunglasses太阳镜tie领带scarf围巾gloves手套trousers裤子cloth布 十六、交通工具： bike自行车bus公共汽车train火车 boat小船ship轮船yacht快艇car小汽车taxi出租车 jeep吉普车van小货车；面包车plane/airplane飞机subway/underground地铁motor cycle摩托车 十七、杂物： window窗户door门desk课桌chair椅子bed床computer计算机board写字板fan风扇light灯teachers desk讲台picture图画；照片wall墙壁floor地板c
12、urtain窗帘trash bin垃圾箱closet壁橱mirror镜子end table床头柜football/soccer足球present礼物walkman随身听 lamp台灯phone电话sofa沙发shelf书架fridge冰箱table桌子TV电视air-conditioner空调 4 key钥匙lock锁photo照片chart图表plate盘子knife刀fork叉spoon勺子chopsticks筷子pot锅gift礼物toy玩具doll洋娃娃ball球 balloon气球kite风筝jigsaw puzzle拼图游戏box盒子umbrella伞zipper拉链violin小
13、提琴yo-yo溜溜球nest鸟窝hole洞tube管子 toothbrush牙刷menu菜单e-card电子卡片e-mail电子邮件traffic light交通灯money钱medicine药 十八、地点： home家room房间bedroom卧室bathroom卫生间living room起居室kitchen厨房classroom教室school学校park公园library图书馆post office邮局police office警察局hospital医院cinema电影院bookstore书店farm农场zoo动物园garden花园study书房playground操场canteen食
14、堂teachers office教师办公室 library图书馆 gym体育馆 washroom卫生间 art room绘画教室computer room计算机教室music room音乐教室TV room电视机房flat公寓company公司 factory 工厂fruit stand水果摊pet shop宠物商店nature park自然公园theme park主题公园science museum科学博物馆the Great Wall长城supermarket超市bank银行country国家village乡村city城市hometown家乡bus stop公交车站 十九、课程： spor
15、ts体育运动science科学Moral Education思想品德课Social Studies社会课Chinese语文math数学PE体育课English英语课 二十、国家、城市： China/PRC中国America/USA美国UK联合王国England英国Canada/CAN加拿大Australia澳大利亚New York纽约London伦敦Sydney悉尼 5 二十一、气象： cold寒冷的warm温暖的cool凉爽的snowy下雪的sunny晴朗的hot炎热的rainy下雨的windy有风的cloudy多云的weather report天气预报 二十二、景物： river河流lak
16、e湖泊stream河；溪forest森林path小道road公路house房子bridge桥building建筑物rain雨cloud云sun太阳mountain山sky天空rainbow彩虹wind风air空气moon月亮 二十三、植物： flower花grass草tree树seed种子sprout苗plant植物rose玫瑰leaf叶子 二十四、方位：south南north北east东west西left 左边right右边 二十五、患病：have a fever发烧hurt疼痛have a cold感冒have a toothache牙疼have a headache头疼have a so
17、re throat喉咙疼 二十六、形容词： big大的small小的long长的tall高的short短的；矮的young年轻的old旧的；老的strong健壮的thin瘦的active积极活跃的quiet安静的nice好看的kind和蔼亲切的strict严格的smart聪明的 funny滑稽可笑的tasty好吃的sweet甜的 salty咸的sour酸的fresh新鲜的favourite最喜爱的clean干净的tired疲劳的excited兴奋的angry生气的happy高兴的bored无聊的 sad忧愁的taller更高的shorter更矮的stronger更强壮的older年龄更大的yo
18、unger更年轻的bigger更大的heavier更重的longer更长的thinner更瘦的smaller更小的good好的fine好的great很好的heavy重的new新的fat胖的happy快乐的right对的hungry饥饿的cute逗人喜爱的little小的lovely 6 可爱的beautiful漂亮的colourful色彩鲜艳的pretty漂亮的cheap便宜的expensive昂贵的juicy多汁的tender嫩的healthy健康的ill有病的helpful有帮助的high高的easy简单的proud骄傲的sick有病的better更好的higher更高的 二十七、介词：
19、in在里on在上；在时候under在下面near在的旁边behind在后边next to与相邻over在上面in front of在前面 二十八、代词： I我we我们you你；你们he他she她it它they他们my我的our 我们的your你的；你们的his他的her她的 二十九、动词： play玩；踢swim(swam)游泳skate滑冰fly(flew)飞jump跳walk走run(run)跑climb爬fight(fought)打架swing(swung)荡eat(ate)吃sleep(slept)睡觉like像，喜欢have(had)有；吃turn转弯buy(bought)买take
20、(took)买；带live居住teach教go(went)去study(studied)学习learn学习sing(sang)唱歌dance跳舞row划do(did)做do homework做作业do housework做家务watch TV看电视read(read) books读书 cook the meals做饭water the flowers浇花sweep(swept) the floor扫地clean the bedroom打扫卧室make(made) the bed铺床set(set) the table摆饭桌wash the clothes洗衣服do the dishes洗碗碟u
21、se a computer使用计算机do morning exercises晨练；做广播操eat breakfast吃早饭eat dinner吃晚饭go to school上学have English class上英语课play sports进行体育运7 动getup起床climb mountains爬山go shopping买东西play the piano 弹钢琴visit grandparents看望祖父母go hiking去远足fly kites放风筝make a snowman堆雪人plant trees种树draw(drew) pictures画画cook dinner做饭read
22、 a book看书answer the phone接电话listen to music听音乐clean the room打扫房间write(wrote) a letter写信write an e-mail 写电子邮件drink(drank) water喝水take pictures照相watch insects观察昆虫pick up leaves采摘树叶do an experiment做实验catch butterflies捉蝴蝶count insects数昆虫collect insects收集昆虫collect leaves收集树叶write a report写报告play chess下棋h
23、ave a picnic举行野餐get to到达ride(rode) a bike骑自行车play the violin拉小提琴make kites制作风筝collect stamps集邮meet(met)见面welcome欢迎thank谢谢love爱work工作drink(drank)喝taste尝smell闻feed(fed)喂养shear剪milk挤奶look看guess猜help帮助pass传递show展示use使用clean打扫open打开close关上put放paint绘画tell(told)告诉kick踢bounce反弹ride(rode)骑stop(stopped)停wait等
24、find(found)寻找到drive(drove)驾驶fold折send(sent)寄wash洗shine照耀become变成feel(felt)感觉到think(thought)思考meet(met)遇见fall(fell)落下leave(left)离开wake(woke) up醒来put on穿上take off脱掉hang up挂起wear(wore)穿go home回家go to bed上床睡觉play computer games玩电脑游戏play chess下棋empty the trash倒垃圾put away the clothes收拾衣服get off下车take a tr
25、ip去旅行read a magazine阅读杂志go to the cinema去看电影go straight向前直走 三十、人物： 8 friend朋友boy男孩girl女孩男人woman女人Mr.先生Miss小姐lady女士；小姐parents父母baby婴儿kid小孩classmate同学queen女王visitor参观者neighbour邻居principal校长university student大学生pen pal笔友tourist旅行者people人物robot机器人 小学英语语法学习 一、名词复数规则 语法要点：1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-ba
26、gs, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, foot-feet,.tooth
27、-teeth Japanese-Japanese 习题练习：写出下列各词的复数 I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _ thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _ mouse-mice child-children Chinese-Chinese, fish-fish,people-people, 9 man_ woman_ paper_ juice_ water_ milk_ rice_ tea_ 二、一
28、般现在时语法要点： A 一般现在时的功能： 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如： The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 B 一般现在时的构成：1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如： We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词
29、后加-s或-es 。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。C一般现在时的变化：1. be动词的变化。否定句：主语 + be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如：
30、He doesnt often play.一般疑问句： Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football?- Yes, 10 I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?D 动词+s的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-mil
31、ks 2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 习题练习：一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _come_ watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_ teach_ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2.
32、Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a wal
33、k together every evening.10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _(like) cooking.12. 11 They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. L
34、iu Tao _(do) not like PE.18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.20. What day _(be) it today?Its Saturday. 三、现在进行时语法要点： 1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5现在进行
35、时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词不达意 + be + 主语+ 动词ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词不达意 + be + 动词ing?6动词加 ing的变化规则一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking以不发音的e结尾，去e加 ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping 习题练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词： play_ run_ swim _make_ 12 go_ like_ write_ _ski_ read_ have_
36、sing _ dance_ put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_ stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空： 1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .
37、 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 四、将来时语法要点： 一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next da
38、y(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow等。 二、基本结构：be going to + do；will+ do. 三、否定句：在be动词l后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。例如：Im going 13 to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。例如：We are going to go on an outing t
39、his weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1. 问人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon.2. 问干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3. 问什
40、么时候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed?六、同义句：be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 习题练习 A 填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。What _ _ _ _ ne
41、xt Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball. What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 _ your mother _ 14 _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _ you _ _ meet? C 用所给词的适当形式填空。 11. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this af
42、ternoon. 12. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week. 13. 13. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 15. Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) his weekend? She _ (watch) TV an
43、d _ (catch) insects. 16. What _ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows. 17. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday. 19. David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 20. I _ (plan) for my study now. 15 16
