年级英语动词不定式用法梳理.docx

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1、年级英语动词不定式用法梳理八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理 动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫作不定式短语。 一、用作主语 直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如： 1. I t

2、is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems. 2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. 3.How to learn English well is important. 4.To see is to believe.(眼见为实；百闻不如一见) 二、用作表语 动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如： 1.The best way is to join an English club. 2.The first thing is

3、to listen to the teacher carefully. 三、用作宾语 1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如： 1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. 2)He prefers to eat white bread and

4、rice. 3)Id love to visit Mexico. 2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell.，介词结构on.可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如： 1)Could you please tell me where to park my car? 2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. 3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语动词不定式，句子结构是.feel /

5、 find / make / . it+adj. / n.+to do.。如： I find it difficult to remember everything. 4.既可接动词不定式又可接ving形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，ving形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如： 1)Then I started to watch Tv. 2)Im beginning to understand my pa

6、rents. begin用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。 3)I like to eat vegetables. 1 感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。 5.后接动词不定式或ving形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接ving形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。stop to do停下来做另外一件事，to do是目的状语；stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事，doing是宾语。try to do尽力做，try doing试试看；go on to do接着做另外的事，g

7、o on doing继续做原来的事。如： 1)When I left home, I forgot to bring it with me. 2)I stopped using them last year. 四、用作定语 1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系. 1)I have so many clothes to wash today. 2)I cant think of any good advice to give her. 3)We have no houses to live in. 2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是place,

8、time, way等时，不定式与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系。如：1)He needs time to do homework. 2) He wants to know the best way to travel around the city. 3.在“there be.”句型里，句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象： 1)Theres just so much to see and do here. 2). but there are still many things to do there. 五、用作宾语补足语 1.带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask,

9、allow, , advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expect, , invite, encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如： 1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house. 2 We should allow the children to choose their own clothes. 2.动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里不带to，被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，包括四“看”：look at, observe,

10、 see, watch，三“让”：have, let, make，二“听”：hear, listen to，一“感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如： 1)This picture makes me feel excited！ 2)We saw Liu Yu play baseball last week. 3.help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。 1) they can help you to learn English. 2)Using email English helps you write quickly. 六、用作状语 1.目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常

11、表示强调。如： 1)In order to catch the early bus, she got up very early. 2)A group of young people got together to discuss this question. 3)She came to this city to visit her daughter. 2.原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do.”结构句中。如： 2 1) I feel very lucky to have him. 2) he ran out of money to buy old bikes. 3.结果状语，

12、多见于“too.to”，“enough to.”结构句中。如： 1) Im too tired to do it well. 2)The room is big enough for three people to live in. 七、动词不定式的复合结构 动词不定式的复合结构是“for / of sb. to do sth.”，for / of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of，主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来，of前面的形容词是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind,

13、nice, wise等，既说明人的特性，又说明不定式动作的特性。for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，前面如果是名词用for。如： 1.Its a good idea for parents to allow children to study in groups during the evening. 2.Its wise of him to do it well. 3)Is it interesting for the baby t

14、o play with a pet dog? 八、带疑问词的不定式短语 动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不带to。如： 1.用作句子的成分。 1)I dont know what to try next. (作宾语) 2)Where to go is not decided yet.(作主语) 2.单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。 1)What to do next?(=What will we / you do

15、next? 2)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there? 九、动词不定式的否定式 不定式的否定式是not / never to do.，不带to的不定式的否定式是not / never do.如： 1.They decide not to talk to each other. 2.His parents tell him never to play soccer in the street. 非谓语动词总结 一后面可跟动词的ing形式的情况 1.动词： finish doing sth.完成做某事；enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事；prac

16、tice doing sth. 练习做某事；imagine doing,想象做某事；avoid doing sth.避免做某事；consider doing sth.考虑做某事；suggest doing sth.建议做某事；mind doing sth.介意做某事； keep doing sth.持续做某事 2.固定短语： feel like doing sth.喜欢做某事；be busy doing sth.忙于做某事；be worth doing 值得做某事；spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事； have difficult/trouble in doin

17、g sth做某事有困难；have fun doing.做某事高兴 3.介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等) 如：be good at doing sth.；thank you for doing sth.；give up doing sth.；stop sb. 3 from doing sth.；do well in doing sth.；be afraid of doing sth.；be interested in doing sth.；be proud of；instead of；be fond of

18、4.to作介词的情况look forward to doing sth期望做某事； prefer doing sth. to doing sth与相比较更喜欢； pay attention to doing注意做某事； be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事；make a contribution to为做贡献 二后面可跟动词的不定式形式的情况 1.动词：agree to do同意去做；afford to do买得起；decide to do决定去做某事；hope to do希望去做；wish to do希望去做；fail to do做某事失败去；plan to do打

19、算去做；pretend to do假装去做； refuse to do拒绝去做；would like to do想要去做；want to do想要去做某事；learn to do 学做；prefer to do sth. 喜欢做某事；sb. seem to do sth好像做某事；want/would like to do sth. 想做；used to do sth. 过去常做某事 2.句型. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事 asked sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人做事某事 tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人去做某事 f

20、ollow sb. to do sth. 跟随某人去做某事 get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人做某事 be amazed to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶 be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 be excited to do sth. 对做感到兴奋 be frightened to do sth. 害怕去做某事 be glad/happy to do sth. 高兴去做某事 be/get ready to do sth.准备做某事 be sorry to do sth. 对做某事感到抱歉 be

21、 surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇 cant wait to do sth. 迫不急待地去做某事 get/have a chance to do sth. 得到一个做某事的机会 Its + adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. 做某事怎么样 Its +adj. +(of sb.) to do sth. It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事 Its best for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是最好的 Its time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的

22、时候了 too(for sb.) to 太以致不能 =not enough to do prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿而不愿 something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西没时间做某事了 There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 对某人来说没必要做某事 try/do ones best to do sth. 尽力去做某事 三、后既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况： 1、后加不定式或动名词意思相近的动词 4 有些动词接doing和to do意义相近像like(喜欢)，love(喜欢)，hate(憎恨)

23、，prefer(宁可)，begin(开始)，start(开始)，continue(继续)。如：等词后加不定式或动名词区别不大：如：like to do表示想要做某一具体的动作 like dong表示一般或抽象的多次动作 它们在实际使用中区别很小。 2、后加不定式或动名词区别较大的动词： remember to do(记住去做) remember doing(记得做过) forget to do(忘记去做) forget doing(忘记做过) try to do(设法做) try doing(试着做) go on to do(接着做另一事) go on doing(继续做同一事) stop t

24、o do(停下来去做) stop doing(停止做) cant help to do(不能帮助做) cant help doing(情不自禁做) 四、后跟不带to的不定式的情况。 1在感官动词和使役动词后 feel， hear，listen to，watch，look at，see， notice ，make，let，have等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时应省去不定式符号to。注意：将此句改为被动句时，省去的不定式符号to应加上。 在动词help后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，既可带to，也可不带to。 2.助动词或情态动词后： do, did, does, will, shall, wou

25、ld, should, can, may, must等后面接不带to的动词不定式。 3.某些固定句型中 1）Willyou please？请做某事好吗？ 2）had better最好做某事 3）Why not？为何不做某事 4) would rather(not).宁可(不)；宁愿(不)此句型也可以扩展成：would rather.than.=would.rather than.。 5）在祈使语气(或口语)中。 五既可跟动词原形又可跟动词ing形式的情况。 see,watch,hear等动词，后面既可跟原形又可跟动名词形式，跟原形时表示做过或经常做，跟动名词时表示正在做。 see/watch

26、sb. do sth.看到某人做过(经常做）某事 see/watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事 hear sb. do sth.听到某人做过某事 hear sb. doing sth.听到某人正在做某事 单项选择： 1. The teacher told them _ make so much noise. A. dont B. not C. will not D. not to 2. My mother often tells me _so many mistakes. A. not to make B. to not make C. dont make D. not

27、make 3. Tell him _ the window. A. to shut (关)not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut 5 4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 5. Mrs Smith warned(警告) her daughter _ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to

28、 never drive C. never driving D. never drive 6. The doctor asked the patient _rich food after the operation(手术). A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 7. The workers want us _ together with them. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked 8. I saw him _ out of the room. A. go B. went

29、C.is going D. goes 9. He often makes his little sister _, A. cry B. crying C. cried D. to cry 10 Therere so many kinds of new bikes on sale that I cant make up my mind _ to buy. A. what B. which C. how D. where 11. He cant decide _ to stay or not. A. whether B. if C. either D. if he will 12. - The l

30、ight in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. turned it off 13. We agreed _ here. A. met B. meeting C. to meet D. meet 14. Frank is the kind of person who people like to _. A. make friend with B. make friends of C. make friends D. make friend

31、s with 15. Go on _ the other exercise after you finishthis one. A. to do B. doing C.does D. did 16. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock A. rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest 17. Tom kept quiet about the accident because he was afraid of_ his job. A. lose B. to lose C. losin

32、g D. lost 18. I need a day or two _. A. to think it over B. to think over C. of thinking 19. He was too excited _. A. speak B. to speak C. not to speak D. speaking 20. Im hungry. Get me something _. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. for eating 21. - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a

33、 change ? 6 A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 22. I asked him to _ me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problems. A. spend B. spare C. save D. share 23. They wont let his mother _him in that way. A. to treat B. treated C. treat D. treats 24. Im sorry I forgot

34、 _your dictionary. Lets borrow one from Li Ming. A. to take B. taking C. to bring D. bringing 25. She couldnt decide which restaurant _. A. to have lunch B. to eat C. to eat at D. eating at 26. Dont forget _ the letter . A. to send B. send C. sending D. sent 27. The chair looks very old, I want a ne

35、w one _ . A. sit B.to sit on C. sat D.sit on 28. Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow ? A. this B. that C. it D. which 29. Im afraid they would not allow him _ here . A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke 30. Mother told me _ the water before I drank it . A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to

36、 boil 31. On my way home , I stopped _ some food . A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought 32. He made John _ the car for a week as a punishment(惩罚) . A. to wash B. washing C. wash D.are washing 33. He needs _his bedroom ,because its too dirty. A. clean B. cleaning C. to clean D. cleaned 34. The first thing is _ . A. visit to him B. to visit him C. visiting him D. visited him 35. Li Yang advised me _ too much. A. not to drink B. to drink C. not drinking D. drinking 7