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1、建环专业英语复习Increasing supply temperatures and pressures result in thicker gauge pipes, sturdier valves and higher insulation levels and therefore lead to increased costs. 增加供水温度和压力会导致管子直径变厚，耐用阀门和绝缘等级高，因此导致成本增加。 The purpose of ventilation is to maintain in the building a prescribed condition and cleanli
2、ness of the air (in other words，temperature，air velocity and concentrations). 通风的目的是保持规定的条件和洁净的空气 The American Society of Heating，Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) defines air conditioning as:“The process of treating air so as to control simultaneously its temperature，humidity，cl
3、eanliness，and distribution to meet the requirements of the conditioned space.” 美国地区供暖，制冷与空调工程师定义为：“在空气处理过程中，同时控制其温度，湿度，洁净度，和气流分布来满足空调区域的需求。” When coil surfaces are at a temperature below the dew point of the air，moisture will condense out of the air. The oil surface temperature must be kept above fr
4、eezing. 当盘管表面的温度低于空气露点温度，空气中的水分凝结。油面温度必须保持在冰点以上。 The main equipment components of the vapor compression refrigeration system are the familiar evaporator，compressor，and condenser. 蒸汽压缩制冷系统设备的主要部件是常见的蒸发器，压缩机，冷凝器。 Air conditioning includes the heating，cooling，humidifying，dehumidifying，and cleaning(filt
5、ering) of air in internal environments. 空调包括了传热，冷却，加湿，除湿和净化。 1.Transmission system costs are a function of distance and the quantity of heat transmitted，which in turn is determined by the temperature difference and the flow rate of the heat transmission medium. 传输系统的成本是距离和热量传递的函数，反过来又取决于温差和传热媒介的流速。
6、2.Thus，while the heat available at large power stations may technically be recovered for district heating and may match the heat demand of a large city , the cost of the transmission line can be prohibitive. 因此，大型发电站的热量在技术上可用于区域供热，并可以提供大城市所需热量，但传输线的费用可能过大，使人望而却步。 3.Heat is distributed from main tran
7、smission line to the consumer，sometimes directly to the consumers in-house heat distribution system and sometimes through a heat exchanger to the consumers in-house distribution system. 热量是由主传输线分配给用户，有时直接到消费者的室内热分布系统，有时通过一个热交换器到消费者的室内热分布系统。 4.The advent of high quality plastics pipes has made possib
8、le the utilization of low temperature water in floor heating systems perfectly compatible with the new heat source technology. 高质量塑料管的出现使得在地板供热系统中使用低温水成为可能，地板供热加湿系统完全可以和新热源技术兼容。 5.The normal criterion for heating design is to achieve a specified air temperature against the given heat loss of the bui
9、lding at a specified outside ambient temperature. 供热系统设计的正常标准是要获得指定的气温，这个指定的气温是指在一定的室外环境温度下，抵消这个建筑物的一定热耗后的温度。 6.Local extract ventilation is intended for removing polluted air at source, to prevent the dispersal of impurities throughout the building. 局部排风是把污染源处被污染的空气就地加以排除，防止污染物扩散到建筑物内整个空间。 7.In the
10、 steady state this pressure will be such that the total quantity of air leaving the building through specially provided vents，or through random cracks in the external surfaces，is equal to that which is introduced. 在稳定的状态下，这样的压力达到这样的效果：这些空气的总数量通过专门提供的通风口或通过外部表面的裂缝离开建筑。这些空气的数量等同于进入室内空气的数量。 8.In solvin
11、g the problems of ventilation，the following questions arise:(1)What quantity of air should be supplied to the building per unit of time？What quantity should be extracted and how？(2)What characteristics should the incoming air have，and is preliminary treatment of the air necessary(heating，cooling，deh
12、umidifying，conditioning，dust removal，etc.)？(3)What should be the disposition of the inlets and outlets？(4)What should be the design of all the elements which determine the rate of air change？ 在解决通风的过程中，出现下列问题：单位时间应给建筑物提供多少数量的空气？排出的空气量是多少及怎样排出？室内的空气应该有哪些状态，哪些初步处理是必须的？应该如何布置入口和出口？怎样设计来保证空气的换气次数？ 9.Thu
13、s, the water in the cooling coil of the air handling system does not have to be chilled to the temperature as low as the conventional one.With a warmer evaporating temperature in the refrigeration cycle，the chiller efficiency is increased. 因此，在空气处理系统中冷却盘管的水没有必要被冷却到像常规温度一样低。制冷系统中使用一个较高的蒸发温度，冷却效率会提高。
14、10.Building ventilation designers need completed and systematic information to understand the energy performance of this system for different types of buildings in different climate regions. 建筑通风设计人员需要完整的系统的信息来了解这个系统在不同气候地区不同类型的建筑物使用时的用能特点。 11.However，DV system without additional dehumidification me
15、asures could lead to a high indoor humidity in summer in regions with humid climate (such as New Orleans and Nashville).This is because the DV system does not have the capacity to dehumidify the outdoor air at a higher coil temperature than the MV system. 然而，没有额外的除湿措施的置换通风系统，在夏季湿热气候的区域使用时可能导致室内湿度高。这
16、是因为置换通风系统比混合通风系统有更高的盘管温度时没有能力除湿。 12.Relative humidity (RH) is a term used to express the amount of moisture in a given sample of air in comparison with amount of moisture the air would hold if totally saturated at the temperature of the sample. 相对湿度是指一个技术术语，来描述给定的空气样品中的水蒸气含量与相同温度下空气达到饱和水蒸气含量的比值。 13.
17、All comfort cooling systems use one of the standard refrigerating cycles，standard refrigerants，standard types of compressors，condensers，piping， refrigerant controls，motor controls，and evaporators. 所有舒适空调系统使用其中一种标准的制冷循环：标准的制冷剂，标准压缩机的类型，冷凝器，制冷剂管道，制冷剂控制系统，动力控制系统和蒸发器。 14.They can be classified by arrang
18、ement of the mechanism：(1)Self-contained or unit coolers.(2)Remote(controlled from a distance).The self-contained system includes：(1)Window units.(2)Through-the-wall units.(3)Cabinet units. Remote units are of two types ：(1) The condensing units is remote. The evaporator is installed in the room to
19、be conditioned or in the main duct.(2)The central air conditioning plant. 他们根据机械装置的分布可分为：(1)独立式或单元式机组。(2)分体式机组。独立式机组包括：(1)窗体式。(2)嵌入式。(3)立柜式。分体式机组的类型分为2种：(1)冷凝单元放置在远处。蒸发器是放在空调房间或主管道上。集中式空调系统。 15.Refrigeration, commonly spoken of as a cooling process is more correctly defined as the removal of heat fr
20、om a substance to bring it to or keep it at a desirable low temperature， below the temperature of the surroundings. 制冷，通常称为冷却过程，更准确的定义是从物质中去除热量，并把物质放置或保持在一个低于环境的温度下的理想环境中。 16.In applying the steady flow equation，kinetic energy and potential energy terms were omitted，because flow velocities are low t
21、o avoid fluid friction and undesirable pressure losses，and height variation within a given refrigeration system is usually small，these terms are，numerically insignificant. 在使用稳态稳流方程过程中，动能和势能项被省略，因为流速低，以至于流体的摩擦和不必要的压力损失，而且在一个给定的制冷系统的高度变化通常是很小的，所以这些项参数在数值可以忽略不计。 集中采暖 central / concentrated heating 局部采
22、暖 local heating 集中送风采暖 localized air supply for air-heating 热媒参数 heating medium parameter 区域供热 district heating / heat supply 同程(异程)式系统 reversed(direct) return system 舒适性(工艺性)空调 comfort(industrial / process) air conditioning 冷负荷 cooling load 风阀 air damper 风机盘管加新风系统 primary air fancoil system 最小新风量 m
23、inimum fresh air requirement 一(二)次回风 primary(secondary) return air 气流组织 air distribution，space air diffusion 整体式(分体式)空气调节器 packaged(spilt) air conditioner 组合式空气调节机组 modular(central station，assembled) air handling unit 变制冷剂流量多联分体式空气调节系统 variable refrigerant volume split air conditioning system 机械通风 m
24、echanical(forced) ventilation 全面(局部)排风 general(local) exhaust ventilation (GEV / LEV) 余湿 moisture excess 百叶窗 louver，shutter 高效空气过滤器 High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter (HEPA) 制冷工程 refrigerating engineering 热力(可逆/逆卡诺)循环thermodynamic(reversible/reverse Carnot) cycle 节流膨胀 throttling expansion 过热度 degree of superheat 压缩式冷水机组 compression-type water chiller 活塞(螺杆/离心)式压缩 reciprocating(screw/centrifugal) compressor 轴流式通风机 axial fan 过冷度 degree of subcooling 性能系数 coefficient of performance (COP)
