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1、Subjunctive Mood!,虚拟语气!,BY:Mr.Potato,2018年10月16日,概念：谓语v用不同的形式表示说话人的不同意图，这种形式称为语气。语气分三种：1.陈述语气：用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等形式。He is late for class.What fun!He is not interested in classical music.2.祈使语气：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等（动词常用原形）Dont be late！3.虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。,一、虚拟语气在 if非真实条件句中,主
2、语+did/were,主语+should/would/could/might+do,主语+had done,主语+should/would/could/might+have done,主语+1.did2.should do3.were to do,主语+should/would/could/might+do,If you had studied hard before,you would have passed the exam.,1.如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。,2.如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。,3.如果你以前好好学习，你会通过考试的。,If I were you,I would acce
3、pt his advice.,If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow,I would stay at home.,You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.drove;didnt getdrove;wouldnt getwere driving;wouldnt gethad driven;wouldnt have got,_ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge.We
4、re B.Should C.Would D.Will,注意：1.错综时间虚拟语气当从句主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。If you _(follow)my advice just now,you _(be)better now.If you _(study)hard before,you _(be)a college student now.,had followed,would be,had studied,would be,If you _ with George earlier,you _ so angry now.talked;wou
5、ld not behad talked;would not bewould talk;would not behad talked;would not have been,If we had taken such effective measures much earlier,the river _ so seriously now.is not pollutedwould not be pollutedhad not been pollutedwould not have been polluted,2.if从句中，were，had（完成时态标志），should可以放在句首，（用于倒装结构）
6、，if必须省略。否定词not不能放在前面。1.Had I not seen him then(Hadnt I seen him then),I wouldnt have been very happy.,2.If I were you,I would accept his advice.,3.If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow,I would stay at home.,4.If you had studied hard before,you would have passed the exam.,Had you studied har
7、d before,Were I you,Should it rained tomorrow/Were it to rain tomorrow,3、含蓄虚拟语气 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中，并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替条件句。常用的有介词with，without，but for（倘没有，要不是）；连词or，but；副词otherwise等。,1.I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.=If I hadnt been ill that day,I would
8、have taken part in the sports meeting.,2.He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it.3.I should have given you more help,but I was too busy.,4.What would you do with a million dollars?5.Without/But for your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.=
9、If it had not been for your help,Without electricity,human being life _ quite different today.iswill bewould have beenwould be,But for his help,I _.should not have succeededhave not succeededdid not succeedhad not succeeded,He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball,otherwise he _ a goal.had
10、scoredscoredwould scorewould have scored,Why didnt you buy it?I _ but I didnt have the money.A.would B.would have C.had had D.had bought,二、虚拟语气的其他用法1.as if/as though（好像）+从句与现在相反 did/were与过去相反 had done与将来相反 would/could/might+do He looks as if he were an artist.He talked about the accident as if he ha
11、d seen it.(区分even if/though),注意：若表示的确有某种可能(尤指天气），也可不用虚拟语气。Eg.Look!The clouds are gathering.It looks as if its going to rain.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken,2.It is(high/about)time(that)sb did/sb should（不可省略）+do该是某人
12、做某事的时候了。It is high time that you got up/should get up.,Im getting tired;its time we _ home.A.go B.are going C.went D.should be going,3.wish/if only(要是就好了）+从句 与现在事实相反 did/were 与过去事实相反 had done（或用could have done）与将来事实相反 could/would/might+do I wish(that)he_(visit)us tomorrow.I wish(that)he_(visit)us to
13、day.I wish he_(visit)us yesterday.,had visited us/could have visited us,would/could/might visit,visited,If only you _（listen)to our advice!If only I _(be)a bird!,had listened,were,4.在would rather+宾语从句中与现在或将来事实相反 did/were与过去事实相反 had done即：would rather sb did/had doneI would rather you _(come)here tom
14、orrow.I would rather you _(not tell)me the truth.,came,hadnt told,5.用于表示建议（advise/suggest/propose/recommend）命令(order/command)要求(demand/require/request/desire)坚持要求(insist)等词相连的从句中需用虚拟语气：sb（should）+do1.I suggested that he(should)go there at once.(宾语从句)2.My advice is that we(should)tell him the news.3.
15、I made a suggestion that he-(同位语从句)4.It is suggested that he-(主语从句)5.My suggestion was that he-(表语从句),区别：This is the suggestion that/which he made at the meeting.(定语从句)The officer gave the order that nothing _ until the people arrived.A.didnt touch B.touched C.be touched D.touch,注意：suggest:表明，暗示 陈述语
16、气 建议 虚拟语气Her pale face suggested that she _（be)ill and that she _(send)to hospital immediately.Insist：坚持说，坚持认为 陈述语气 坚持主张，坚持要求 虚拟语气He insisted that he _(not steal)the money and insisted that he _(set)free.,was,(should)be sent,hadnt stolen,(should)be set,6.主语从句中的虚拟语气（主要是it作形式主语）It is necessary/importa
17、nt/natural/strange/funny/surprising/a pity/a shame/no wonder/suggested/advised/recommended/desired 等that sb(should)+do It is strange that he(should)have treated his parents like that.It is a pity that Lucy(should)be so careless.It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.注意：以上句式也可用于陈述语气,It is strange that he didnt come yesterday.It is a pity that she cant sing.It is strange that the lazy boy _ pass the exam.A.has B.should C.would D.might,
