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1、形容词比较级ing形式ed形式规则与用法形容词比较级、-ing形式、-ed形式规则与用法 不规则形容词比较等级的形式变化 good-better-best 好的 well-better-best 身体好的 bad-worse-worst 坏的 ill-worse-worst 病的 many-more-most 许多 much-more-most 许多 few-less-least 少数几个 little-less-least 少数一点儿 far-further-furthest 更进一步，程度 far-farther-farthest 更远，路程 old-older-oldest 年老的 ol
2、d-elder-eldest 年老的 规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。 1.一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est。 great(巨大的) greater greatest tall(高的) taller tallest 2.以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st。 nice(好的) nicer nicest large(大的) larger largest able+ 什么 , 如：Im ta
3、ller and heavier than you. An elephant is bigger than a tiger. 注意 比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。 典型错误：My hair is longer than you. 比较的两者是我的头发、你，那么比较的对象就没有可比性。 应该改为：My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair. 练 习 ( ) 1 Which do you like _, tea or coffee? A. well B. better C. best D. Most (
4、) 2 This work is _ for me than for you. A. difficult B. most difficult C. much difficult D. more difficult ( ) 3 Which do you think tastes _, the chicken or the fish? A. good B. better C. best D. Well ( ) 4 The Great Pyramid is about 137 metres high today, but it was once A. higher B. highest C. hig
5、h too D. more high ( ) 5 Dont you think it _ not to write the letter? A. well , B. better C. best D. Good 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式：long_ _ wide _ _ fat _ _heavy_ _ slow _ _ few_ _bright_ _ badly _ _ far_ _many_ _ happy_ _ (二)用所给词的正确形式填空： 1. Almost a
6、ll the students faces are the same but Li Deming looks _ (fat) than before after the summer holidays. 2.He is _ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _ (bad) at English. 3. Annie says Sally is the _ (kind) person in the world. 2 g357整理 4.He is one of the_(fri
7、endly) people in the class, I think. 5.Sue is a little _ (beautiful) than her sister. 6.My room is not as _ (big) as my brother s. 7.-How difficult is physics? -I m not sure. - Is it _ (difficult) than maths? - I don t think so. 8.- Annie plays the piano very _ (w
8、ell). - Sue plays it _ (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the _ (well). 1、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子 heavy tall long big (1) How is the Yellow River? (2) How is Mr Green? Hes 175cm. (3) How are your feet? I wear size 18. (4)How is the fish? Its 2kg. 2、根据句意写出所缺的单词 (1) Im 12 years old. Youre 14. Im t
9、han you. (2) A rabbits tail is than a monkeys tail. (3) An elephant is than a pig. (4) A lake is than a sea. (5) A basketball is than a football. 3、根据中文完成句子. (1) 我比我的弟弟大三岁. Im than my brother. (2) 这棵树要比那棵树高. This tree than that one. (3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he. (4) 谁比你重? than you？ 3 g357整理 动词的过去式形式
10、 1.规则动词的过去式词尾变化有几种: .一般情况下+ed, 如: watched, planted, watered, climbed等. .以不发音的字母e结尾的+d. 如: liked, tasted等. .以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i 再+ed. 如: studystudied 2.规则动词的词尾读音 .在浊辅音和元音后读/d/,如:lived, listened等. .在清辅音后读/t/如: liked, helped, watched等. .在/t/, /d/音后读/id/ 如:planted. 3.不规则动词的过去式变化则没有什么规律,请大家在平时学习的过程中背熟记牢. 表示一般
11、过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示，而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式变化如下： 一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如： worked played wanted acted 以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如： lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如： studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied 以一
12、个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如： stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped 注：不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。 go - went，make - made， get - got ，buy - bought ，come - came ，fly-flew ，is/am-was， are-were ，see-saw ，bring-brought，do-did，teach-taught, think-thought, are-were, say-said,sit-sat
13、. read-read, spend-spent. 特殊的变形 动词原形 过去式 现在分词 be 是-was, were-being 4 g357整理 become 变成-became-becoming begin 开始-began-beginning blow 吹- blew-blowing break 断开-broke-breaking bring 带来-brought-bringing build 建筑-built-buiding buy 买-bought-buying can 能-could-无 catch 抓住-caught-catching come 来-came-coming c
14、opy 拷贝-copied-copying cut 切-cut-cutting do 做-did-doing draw 画-drew-drawing drink 喝-drank-drinking drive 驾车-drove-driving eat 吃-ate-eating fall 落下-fell-falling feed 喂-fed-feeding feel 感觉- felt-feeling fight 打架-fought-fighting find 找寻-found-finding fly飞-flew-flying forget 忘记-forgot-forgetting get 得到-g
15、ot-getting give 给予-gave-giving grow 成长-grew-growing hang 挂-hung-hanging have 有-had-having hear 听-heard-hearing hold 拿住-held-holding hurt 伤害-hurt-hurting keep 保持-kept-keeping know 知道-knew-knowing lay 放置-laid-laying 5 g357整理 learn 学习-learnt, learned-learning leave 离开-left-leaving lend 借出-lent-lending
16、let 让-let-letting light点燃照亮-lighted, lit-lighting lose 丢失-lost-losing make 做-made-making may 可以-might-无 mean 意思-meantmeaning meet 见面-met-meeting must 必须-must-无 pay 付出- paid-paying put 放-put-putting read 读-read-reading ride 骑-rode-riding ring 响-rang-ringing run 跑-ran-running say 说-said-saying see 看见-
17、 saw-seeing sell 卖- -sold-selling shake 摇晃- -shook-shaking shall 将- -should-无 shoot 射击-shot-shooting show 展示-showed-showing shut 关闭-shut-shutting sing 唱歌-sang-singing sit 坐-sat-sitting sleep 睡觉-slept-sleeping slide 滑动-slid-sliding smell 闻-smelt, smelled-smelling speak 讲话-spoke-speaking spell 拼写-spel
18、t, spelled-spelling spend 花钱-spent-spending stand 站立-stood-standing steal 偷窃-stole-stealing 6 g357整理 sweep 打扫-swept-sweeping swim 游泳-swam-swimming swing 摆动-swung-swinging take 拿到-took-taking teach 教-taught-teaching tell 讲述-told-telling think 思考-thought-thinking understand理解-understood-understanding
19、wake 醒来-waked, woke-waking wear 穿着-wore-wearing will 意愿-would-无 win 获胜-won-winning write 写-wrote-writing 7 g357整理 现在进行时 动词加ing的变化规律 1)一般情况下，直接加 -ing: 如：gogoing answeranswering studystudying bebeing seeseeing 注一 和名词复数、一般现在时动词第三人称单数加-s(-es)不同， 动词末尾如为“辅音字母 + y”时，y不变，其后直接加ing。 如: studystudying flyflying
20、 carrycarrying 注二 动词结尾为辅音字母r时，加-ing，r在此必须发音。 如: waterwatering answeranswering wearwearing 2)以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加ing 如：comecoming writewriting taketaking becomebecoming 3)动词是闭音节的单音节词，或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词，而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，这个辅音字母须双写，然后再加ing。 如：sitsitting runrunning stopstopping beginbeginning admitadmitting Swim-
21、swimming forgetforgetting 注一 send，think，accept等动词虽是闭音节或以重读闭音节结尾， 但末尾有一个以上的辅音字母，因此，这个辅音字母不双写，应直接加ing。 如：sending 8 g357整理 thinking accepting 4)少数几个以-ie结尾的动词，须将ie变作y，再加ing。 如：diedying tietying lielying躺，说谎 5)少数以-c结尾的动词变为现在分词时和过去式，须先将-c变为ck,然后再加-ing 或-ed 。 如：picnicpicnicking (picnicked) traffictrafficki
22、ng (trafficked) 闭音节 1. 英语重读闭音节就是所谓的元音字母不是发它本身的字母音，重读闭音节就是指在一个音节中，以辅音音素结尾的而且是重读音节的音节 (重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音). 2. 元音：a e i o u 9 g357整理 动词的ing形式的用法 1. -ing分词的构成 -ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化. -ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如： Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道
23、他的地址，我只好在家里等着。 His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。 2. -ing分词的一般式和完成式： -ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作 Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 3. -ing分词的被动式： -ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。 The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 注意：在need, wan
24、t, require, be worth等动词(短语)后，作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如： Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。 This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看。 4. -ing分词的语法作用 -ing分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。 1)ing分词作主语： Laying eggs is the ant queens full-time
25、job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。 Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 2) -ing分词作表语： His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是收集邮票。 The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑。 3) -ing分词作宾语： ing分词作动词宾语。如：I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。 We enjoy attending Miss Lis class. 我们喜欢听李老师的课。 -ing分词作宾语也可用在复合宾语中作真
26、正的宾语，而用it作形式宾语。如： I dont think it possible living in such a cold place. 我认为住在这么寒冷的地方是不可能的。 Do you consider it any good trying again? 你觉得再试一次会有好处吗？ 10 g357整理 -ing分词作介词宾语，经常用在一些短语的后面。如： Im against inviting him to dinner. 我反对邀请他来吃饭。 They dont feel like walking that much. 他们不喜欢走那么多路。 He went to London i
27、n the hope of being a famous painter. 他去了伦敦，希望能成为一个著名的画家。 此类短语还有很多。如：look forward to, be proud of, insist on, think of, dream of, hear of, preventfrom, keepfrom, stopfrom, depend on, thankfor, excusefor, aim at, devoteto, set about, be/get used to, be fond of, be afraid of, be tired of, be intereste
28、d in 注意：在有些句子中，介词常可省去。如： I have no difficulty (in) talking with foreigners. 我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。 He used to spend a lot of time (in) playing games. 过去他常花很多时间玩游戏。 另外，-ing分词可以和一些介词如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等构成短语，在句中作状语。 He left ahead of time without saying a word. 他一句话也没说就
29、提前离开了。 Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of four children. 除了做饭和缝纫以外，她还要照顾四个孩子。 4) -ing分词作定语： 单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。如： reading room 阅览室 swimming pool 游泳池 dining car 餐车 sleeping car 卧车 singing competition 歌咏比赛 waiting room 候车室 a waiting car 一辆等待着的车 a sleeping child一个酣睡的孩子 flying fish 飞鱼
30、the exciting news令人振奋的消息 a boring speech令人乏味的演出 -ing分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面，也相当于一个定语从句。如： Who is the comrade standing by the door? 站在门边的同志是谁？ They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 5) -ing分词做状语： -ing分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。如： While reading the book, he nodded from time to time
31、. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。 11 g357整理 Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。 -ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如： Not knowing his address, I cant send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。 Many of us, being so excited, couldnt go to sleep that night. 因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。 ing分词短语作结果状语。如：
32、His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。 -ing分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如： They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky. 他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。 Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly. 年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。 -ing分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于
33、一个状语从句。如： A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small. 一个人如站在大山的脚下会发现自己很渺小。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the books. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我把书买下。 注：-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。 “with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如： His hair became grey with the
34、years passing. 随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。 Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。 6) -ing分词作补语： -ing分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等动词后面和一个名词或代词构成一个复合宾语，作宾语补语。如： I noticed a man running out of the bank w
35、hen I got off the car. 我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。 Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop. 昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一个小孩在偷东西。 上面这类句子也可变成被动语态，这时，-ing分词可看成是主语补语。如： 12 g357整理 We were kept waiting for quite a long time. 让我们等了好长时间。 Jily was never heard singing that song again. 人们再也没有听到吉
36、丽唱这首歌了。 5. -ing分词的复合结构： -ing分词的复合结构通常由物主代词、人称代词宾格、名词所有格或者名词的普通格+-ing分词构成，在句子开头时必须用物主代词和名词所有格，通常在句中作主语和宾语。如： His coming made us very happy. 他的到来使我们大家都很高。 He was awakened by someones knocking at the door. 他被某人的敲门声吵醒了。 分词与动词的搭配 1. ing分词作主语和表语时与不定式的区别： -ing分词和动词不定式作主语和表语的主要区别在于：在表示比较抽象的一般的多次性行为时多用-ing分词
37、；在表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。如： Smoking is forbidden here. 这里禁止吸烟。 Its not good for you to smoke so much. 吸这么多烟对你的身体不好。 My job is teaching. 我的工作是教书。 My job is to teach you English this term. 我这一学期的工作是教你们英语。 2.能接-ing分词作宾语的常见动词： mind, enjoy, finish, keep, miss, 等。 3. 有些动词既能接不定式，又能接-ing分词，含义有所不同。如： f
38、orget, remember, regret等词后面接不定式表示不定式动作后于谓语动作，而后接-ing分词作宾语表示分词动作先于谓语动作。如： Do you remember seeing me before? 你记得以前见过我吗？ Remember to lock the door when you leave. 离开时要记得锁门。 动词mean, stop, try, go on等动词后面接分词和接不定式作宾语，意思也有所不同。如： I try not to think about that. 我尽量不去想那件事。 Would you please try doing that agai
39、n? 请你再试一次好吗？ He stopped talking when the bell rang. 铃响的时候，他停止了讲话。 While working, he stopped to talk with Tom at times. 工作的时候，他不时地停下来和汤姆谈话。 注意：有时人们把stop后的动词不定式理解为目的状语。 动词allow, advise等可直接跟-ing分词作宾语，不可以接动词不定式作宾语，但可接不定式作宾语补语。如： 13 g357整理 Please allow me to say a few words. 请允许我说几句话。 We dont allow smoking here. 我们这儿不允许吸烟。
