形容词(1).docx

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1、形容词形容词 形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot。 2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。 按其结构,可分为单个形容词和复合形容词。前者由一个单词构成,而后者则由两个以上的单词构成。 形容词的用法和在句中的位置 1. 形容词在句中主要可用作: 1)定语: What a

2、fine day! 多好的天气! He is a self-made man. 他是个自学成材的人。 2)表语: The scene was horrifying. 这景象很恐怖。 I am getting bored and homesick. 我感到有些厌烦想家。 His comments were well-meant. 他说这些都是出于好心。 3)宾语的补语: I find this hot weather very trying. 我感到这种炎热天气很难受。 Do you think it necessary? 你认为这有必要吗? 4)状语: She was back, eager

3、to see her friends. 她回来了,极想见她的朋友们。 She gave him the overcoat, anxious to be of service. 她把大衣拿给他,极愿为他服务。 He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他又饿又累的回到家里。 2. 形容词在句中的位置 有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置形容词;少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置形容词。 1)当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时,形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一般规则为: 一般描绘性形容词表示大小、长短、高低的形容词表示年龄、新旧的形容词表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词表

4、示物质、材料的形容词。 用一句话来说就是“美小圆旧黄,法国木书屋”。如: There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village. 村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石桥。 I bought a cheap blue plastic pencil box yesterday. 昨天我买了一个便宜的蓝色塑料铅笔盒 They have got such a round brown wooden table. 他们有一张褐色的木制圆桌。 2)当形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时,或形容词用来修饰somebody, something, anythin

5、g, nothing 等的时候,便会出现后置形容词。如: The boy (who is) interested in music is my brother. Guilin is a city (which is) famous for its scenery. Do you have anything interesting to tell us? 形容词常用句型 1.“Its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。 注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),cleve

6、r(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)等。 Its very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)。 Its very rude of her to say such words.(=She is very rude to say such words.) Its foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了。 2.“It

7、s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。 注意:这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的),necessary(必要的),difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的),impossible(不可能的)等。 Its not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=To learn a foreign language is not easy for t

8、hem.)对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。 Its very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.(=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.) Its necessary for us to get to school on time.(=To get to school on time is necessary for us.) 3.表示感情或情绪的形容词,如glad(高兴的),pleased(高兴的),sad(忧伤的),thank

9、ful(感激的)等常接不定式。 Glad to see you. Im very sad to hear the bad news. 4.表示能力和意志的形容词,如ready(乐意的,有准备的),able(有能力的),sure(一定),certain(一定)等常接不定式。 Lei Feng is always ready to help others.雷 He is sure to get to school on time. 四、形容词的比较级和最高级 1. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成 1)单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成 一般情况 加-er或-est new newer new

10、est long longer longest 以e 结尾的词 加-r或-st fine finer finest 以“辅音+y” 结尾的词 变y为i再加-er 或-est early earlier earliest 重读闭音节的词末尾只有一个辅音字母 先双写辅音字母,再加-er或-est hot hotter hottest thin thinner thinnest 2) 多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或 most。如: 原级 比较级 最高级 useful more useful most useful difficult more difficult most difficu

11、lt delicious more delicious most delicious 3) 有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化。 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well 好的 better best bad/ill 坏的 worse worst many/much 多的 more most little 少的 less least far 远的 further furthest farther farthest old 老的 older oldest elder eldest late later latest latter last 2. 形容词比较级的用法 1)形容词的比较级可以

12、单独使用: Be more careful next time. 下次小心点。 It was quieter outside. 外面安静点了。 2)也可以和than连用,表示两者相比,than后可以跟: a. 名词或代词: He is older than me. 他年龄比我大。 Tokyo is bigger than New York. 东京比纽约大。 b. 动名词: Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。 This is more interesting than sitting in an office. 这比坐办公室更有意思。

13、c. 从句: I was a better singer than he was. 我唱歌比他好。 He is stronger than I expected. 他比我预料的更健壮。 d. 状语: She felt worse than usual. 她感到比平时更难受。 He is busier than ever. 他比过去更忙了。 e. 跟其它成分: Its better to be prepared than unprepared. 有准备比没准备好。 She was more surprised than angry. 她吃惊甚于生气。 He was more lucky than

14、 clever. 他是运气好,而不是聪明。 3 形容词比较级的修饰语 1)形容词比较级前可加much, a lot, a bit, a little, slightly之类表示程度的状语: Hes feeling a lot better today. 他感到今天好多了。 Shes a little bit better now. 她现在稍稍好点了。 Its slightly warmer today. 今天稍微暖和一点。 2)也可在比较级前any, no, some, even, still这类词: Do you feel any better today? 你今天感觉好一点了吗? She

15、was no older than Zilla. 他并不比齐拉大。 This book is even more useful than that. 这本书甚至比那本书更有用。 3)比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词: Shall I get a couple more chairs? 我要不要再搬两把椅子来? My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十岁。 Youre a head taller than Jane. 你比简高一个头。 4. 形容词比较级的特殊用法 和more有关的词组 1) the morethe more 越就越。例如: T

16、he harder you work,the greater progress youll make. 越努力,进步越大。 2) more B than A=less A than B 与其说A不如说B。例如: He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作时,与其说是反应慢不如说是懒。 3) no more than 与一样,不比多。例如: The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。 no

17、less than 与一样。例如: He is no less diligent than you. 他和你一样勤勉。 4) more than 不只是,非常。例如: She is more than kind to us all. 她对我们非常热心。 和less有关的词组 5) less than 不到 不太: In less than a week, the MS was ready. 不到一周稿子就准备好了。 6)no less than 多达 不少于 He won no less than $5oo. 他赢了不少于500美圆。 No less than 2 million people

18、 came. 至少来了2百万人。 7) more or less 基本上 大体上 大约 The work is more or less finished. 这项工作基本上完成了。 The answers were more or less right. 这些回答大体上是正确的。 另外, 还有as + 形容词或副词原级 + as 8) 在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。例如: He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。 9) 当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式:as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as + many/much +名词。例如: This

19、is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。 I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸,我也能。 10)表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面。例如: This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。 Your room is the same size as mine. 你的房间和我的一样大。 11)倍数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ the + of。例如: This bridge is three ti

20、mes as long as that one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。 This bridge is three times the length of that one. Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房间是我的两倍大。 Your room is twice the size of mine. 5. 形容词最高级用法 the + 最高级 + 比较范围 1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,例如: The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。 形容词mos

21、t前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示非常。例如: It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 这是个很重要的问题。 注意:使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2) 下列词可修饰最高级,by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如: This hat is nearly / almost the bigg

22、est. 这帽子差不多是最大的了。 注意: a. very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同。 This is the very best. This is much the best. b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如: Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。 3) 最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如: Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 马克是班上最聪明的。 Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his cla

23、ss. 4) 否定词语+比较级,否定词语+ so as结构也可以表示最高级含义。例如: Nothing is so easy as this. 没比这更简单的了。 =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing. 6. 形容词最高级的特殊用法 1)形容词最高级可用作表语,这时定冠词the 可以省略。 I think her plan is best. 我认为她的计划最好。 Cotton blankets are generally cheapest. 棉毛毯一般最便宜。 2)形容词最高级前可以加a 或不加冠词来表示 非常 He

24、has been most kind to me. 他对我非常好。 We were all most anxious to go home. 我们都很想回家。 3)形容词最高级还可和at 构成短语作表语,表示 处于最的状态。 The peony was at its brightest. 牡丹花正在盛开。 I knew she was at her worst. 我知道她这时情绪最糟。 She was never at her best in the presence of her mother. 4)形容词最高级还可和at 构成许多短语作状语: He had been gone 15 minutes at the most. 他离开顶多才一刻钟。 Ill be with you at latest by ten. 我最迟十点钟就来陪你。

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