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1、心理学专业名词中英文对照心理学专业名词中英文对照 读过此文 心理学专业名词中英文对照 感觉记忆sensory memory 短期记忆short-term M. 长期记忆long-term memory 复诵-rehearsal 预示(激发)-priming 童年失忆症-childhood amnesia 视觉编码-visual code (representation) 听觉编码acoustic code 运作记忆-working memory 语意性知识semantic knowledge 记忆扫瞄程序memory scanning procedure竭尽式扫瞄程序-exhaustive S
2、.P. 自我终止式扫瞄self-terminated S. .程序性知识procedural knowledge 命题性知识-propositionalknowledge 情节性知识episodic K. 讯息处理深度depth of processing 精致化处理elaboration 登录特殊性coding specificity 记忆术mnemonic 位置记忆法method of loci 字钩法peg word 探索(激发)字prime 关键词-key word 命题思考-propositional thought 心像思考-imaginal thought 行动思考-motori
3、c thought 概念-concept 原型-prototype 属性-property 特征-feature 范例策略-exemplar strategy 语言相对性linguistic relativity th. 音素-phoneme 词素-morpheme (字词的)外延与内涵意义denotative & connotative meaning 表层与深层结构surface & deep structure 语意分析法-semantic differential 全句语言holophrastic speech 过度延伸-over-extension 电报式语言telegraphic
4、speech 关键期-critical period 差异减缩法-difference reduction 方法目的分析-means-ends analysis 倒推-working backward 动机-motive 自由意志-free will 决定论-determinism 本能-instinct 种属特有行为-species specific 驱力-drive 诱因-incentive 驱力减低说-drive reduction th. 恒定状态homeostasis 原级与次级动机primary & secondary M. 功能独立functional autonomy 下视丘侧
5、部lateral hypothalamus 脂肪细胞说-fat-cell theory. 下视丘腹中部ventromedial H 定点论-set point th. CCK胆囊调节激素 第一性征-primary sex characteristic 第二性征-secondary sex characteristic 自我效能期望self-efficiency expectancy 内在动机intrinsic motive 外在动机extrinsic motive 成就需求-N. achievement 需求层级hierarchy of needs 自我实现-self actualizatio
6、n 冲突-conflict 多项仪-polygraph 肤电反应-GSR (认知)评估-(cognitive appraisal) 脸部回馈假说-facial feedback hypothesis (生理)激发-arousal 挫折-攻击假说-frustration-aggression hy. 替代学习-vicarious learning 发展-development 先天-nature 后天-nurture 成熟-maturation (视觉)偏好法-preferential method 习惯法-habituation 视觉悬崖-visual cliff 剥夺或丰富(环境)-depr
7、ivation or enrichment of env. 基模-schema 同化-assimilation 调适-accommodation 平衡-equilibrium 感觉动作期-sensorimotor stage 物体永久性-objective permanence 运思前期-preoperational st. 保留概念-conservation 道德现实主义-moral realism 具体运思期-concrete operational 形式运思期-formal operational st. 前俗例道德-pre-conventional moral 俗例道德-convent
8、ional moral 超俗例道德-post-conventional moral 气质-temperament 依附-attachment 性别认定-gender identity 性别配合-sex typing 性蕾期-phallic stage 恋亲冲突Oedipal conflict 认同-identification 社会学习-social learning 情结-complex 性别恒定-gender constancy 青年期-adolescence 青春期- -puberty 第二性征-secondary sex characteristics 认同危机-identity cr
9、isis 定向统合-identity achievement 早闭型统合-foreclosure 未定型统合-moratorium 迷失型统合-identity diffusion 传承-generativity 心理动力-psycho-dynamics 心理分析-psychoanalysis 行为论-behaviorism 心理生物观-psycho-biological perspective 认知-cognition 临床心理学家-clinical psychologist 谘商-counseling 人因工程-human factor engineering 组织-organizatio
10、n 潜意识-unconsciousness 完形心理学-Gestalt psychology 感觉-sensation 知觉-perception 实验法-experimental method 独变项-independent variable 依变项-dependent V. 控制变项-control V. 生理-physiology 条件化-conditioning 学习-learning 比较心理学-comparative psy. 发展-development 社会心理学-social psy. 人格-personality 心理计量学psychometrics 受试(者)-subje
11、ct 实验者预期效应experimenter expectancy effect 双盲法-doubleblind 实地实验-field experiment 相关-correlation 调查-survey 访谈-interview 个案研究-case study 观察-observation 心理测验-psychological test 纹理递变度-texture gradient 注意-attention 物体的组群-grouping of object 型态辨识pattern recognition 形象-背景-figure-ground 接近律-proximity 相似律-simil
12、arity 闭合律-closure 连续律-continuity 对称律-symmetry 错觉-illusion 幻觉-delusion 恒常性-constancy 大小-size 形状-shape 位置- location 单眼线索-monocular cue 线性透视-linear- perspective 双眼线索-binocular cue 深度-depth 调节作用-accommodation 重迭-superposition 双眼融合-binocular fusion 辐辏作用-convergence 双眼像差-binocular disparity 向度 - dimension
13、 自动效应-autokinetic effect 运动视差- motion parallax 诱发运动- induced motion 闪光运动- stroboscopic motion 上下文脉络-context 人工智能-artificial intelligence A.I. 脉络关系作用-context effect 模板匹配-template matching 整合分析法-analysis-by-synthesis 丰富性-redundancy 选择性-selective 无意识的推论-unconscious inferences 运动后效-motion aftereffect 特征
14、侦测器feature detector 激发性-excitatory 抑制性-inhibitory 几何子-geons 由上而下处理up-down process 由下而上处理-bottom-up process 连结者模式-connectionist model 联结失识症-associative agnosia 脸孔辨识困难症-prosopagnosia 意识-conscious 意识改变状态-altered states of consciousness 无意识-unconsciousness 前意识-preconsciousness 内省法-introspection 边缘注意-per
15、ipheral attention 多重人格-multiple personality 午餐排队(鸡尾酒会)效应lunch line(cocktail party) effect 自动化历程-automatic process 解离-dissociate 解离认同失常-dissociative identity disorder 快速眼动睡眠-REM dream 非快速眼动睡眠NREM dream 神志清醒的梦-lucid dreaming 失眠-insomnia 显性与隐性梦-manifest & latern content 心理活动性psychoactive 冥想-meditation
16、抗药性- tolerance 戒断-withdrawal 感觉剥夺-sensory deprivation 物质滥用-substance abuse 成瘾-physical addiction 物质依赖-sub. dependence 戒断症状-withdrawal symptom 兴奋剂-stimulant 幻觉剂-hallucinogen 镇定剂-sedative 抑制剂-depressant 酒精中毒引起谵妄delirium tremens 麻醉剂-narcotic 催眠-hypnosis 催眠后暗示-posthypnotic suggestion 催眠后失忆 posthypnotic
17、amnesia 超心理学-parapsychology 超感知觉extrasensory perception ESP 心电感应-telepathy 超感视-clairvoyance 预知-precognition 心理动力psycokinesis PK 受纳器-receptor 绝对阈-absolute threshold 差异阈-difference threshold 恰辨差- -JND 韦伯律-Webers law 心理物理-psychophysical 费雪纳定律-Fechners law 频率-frequency 振幅-amplitude 音频-pitch 基音-fundament
18、al tone 倍音-overtone 和谐音-harmonic 音色-timbre 白色噪音-white noise 鼓膜-eardrum 耳蜗-cochlea 卵形窗oval window 圆形窗-round window 前庭-vestibular sacs 半规管-semicircular canals 角膜-cornea 水晶体-lens 虹膜-iris 瞳孔-pupil 网膜-retina 睫状肌-ciliary muscle 调节作用-accommodation 脊髓-spinal cord 反射弧-reflex arc 脑干-brain stem 计算机轴性线断层扫描- CAT
19、 或CT PET-正子放射断层摄影 MRI-磁共振显影 延脑-medulla 桥脑-pons 小脑-cerebellum 网状结构-reticular formation RAS-网状活化系统 视丘-thalamus 下视丘-hypothalamus 大脑-cerebrum 脑垂体pituitary gland 脑半球-cerebral hemisphere 皮质-cortex 胼胝体-corpus callosum 边缘系统-limbic system 海马体-hippocampus 杏仁核-amygdala 中央沟-central fissure 侧沟-lateral fissure 脑叶
20、-lobe 同卵双生子-identical twins 异卵双生子fraternal twins 古典制约-classical conditioning 操作制约-operant conditioning 非制约刺激(US unconditioned stimulus非制约反应(UR)unconditioned R. 制约刺激-(CS) conditioned S. 制约反应-(CR)conditioned R. 习(获)得-acquisition 增强作用-reinforcement 消除(弱)-extinction 自(发性)然恢复-spontaneous recovery 前行制约for
21、ward conditioning 同时制约-simultaneous conditioning 回溯制约-backward cond. 痕迹制约trace conditioning 延宕制约delay conditioning 类化(梯度)-generalization (gradient) 区辨-discrimination (次级)增强物-(secondary) reinforcer 嫌恶刺激-aversive stimulus 试误学习-trial and error learning 效果率-law of effect 正(负)性增强物positive (negative) rei.
22、 行为塑造behavior shaping 循序渐进-successive approximation 自行塑造autoshaping 部分(连续)增强partial (continuous)R 定比(时)时制fixed ratio (interval) schedule FR或FI 变化比率(时距)时制variable ratio (interval) schedule VR或VI 逃离反应-escape R. 回避反应avoidance response 习得无助-learned helplessness 顿悟-insight 学习心向learning set 隐内(潜在)学习-laten
23、t learning 认知地图-cognitive map 生理回馈-biofeedback 敏感递减法-systematic desensitization 普里迈克原则Premacks principle 洪水法-flooding 观察学习-observational learning 动物行为学-ethology 敏感化sensitization 习惯化-habituation 联结-association 认知学习-cognitional L. 观察学习-observational L. 登录编码-encoding 保留储存-retention 提取-retrieval 回忆-(fre
24、e recall 全现心像照相式记忆-eidetic imageryphotographic memory . 舌尖现象tip of tongue 再认-recognition 再学习-relearning 节省分数-savings 外显与内隐记忆-explicit & implicit memory 记忆广度-memory span 组集-chunk 序列位置效应-serial position effect 起始效应-primacy effect 新近效应-recency effect 心(情)境依赖学习-state-dependent L. 无意义音节nonsense syllable 顺向干扰-proactive interference 逆向干扰-retroactive interference 闪光灯记忆-flashbulb memory 动机性遗忘-motivated forgetting 器质性失忆症organic amnesia 阿兹海默症-Alzheimers disease 近事失忆症anterograde amnesia旧事失忆retrograde A. 高沙可夫症候群korsakoffs syndrome 凝固理论consolidation th
