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1、必备词组英语词汇解密 第十三讲 词组必备 词组，也叫短语，是两个或更多词的组合，如“ keen on, in confidence, catch up with, at large, have an access to”等。词组在结构上都是约定俗成的，绝不能以个人意志去臆断。既然词组在结构上具有固定性，构成它们的词以及词序的排列都是不能变动的。固定词组在意义上具有整体性，组成固定词组的各词往往不能再作字面上的个别解释。 现在我把英语固定词组以句型的形式进行剖析和归类。多记词组对英语阅读、英汉翻译和完形填空大有裨益。 1. BE+介词+名词/代词 1) The book is absolutel
2、y above me. 这本书我根本看不懂。 2) What are you after in life? 你的人生追求是什么？ 3) Are you for or against the idea? 这个主意你是赞同还是反对？ 2. BE+形容词+介词+名词/代词 1) Im afraid of snakes. 我害怕蛇。 2) He is not aware of the danger he is in. 他没有意识到自己所处的危险。 3) My mother is fond of classic music. 我妈喜欢古典音乐。 3. 动词+名词+介词+名词/代词 1) Pay atte
3、ntion to your spelling please. 请注意你的拼写。 2) Did you take part in the sports meet last week? 你参加上周的运动会了吗？ 3) Van Gogh had a major influence on the development of modern painting. 梵高对当代绘画的发展影响巨大。 4. 动词+介词+名词/代词 1) I am old enough to look after myself now. 我长大了能够照顾自己了。 2) How much did you take in at yes
4、terdays lecture? 昨天的讲座你听懂了多少？ 3)He is working on another novel now. 他正在写另一本书。 5. 动词+副词+名词 1) Turn off the lights. 把灯关掉。 2) Put on more clothes. 多穿点衣服。 3) She refused to take off her spectacles. 她不愿取下眼镜。 动词+副词+名词结构还可以转换为动词+名词+副词结构。 1) Turn the lights off. 把灯关掉。 2) Put more clothes on. 多穿点衣服。 3) She r
5、efused to take her spectacles off. 她不愿取下眼镜。 注意: 在此结构中，如果名词是代词时，代词必须放在动词和功能词的中间，即动词+代词+副词结构，否则，就是错误的。 Turn off it/them. () Turn it/them off. () Put on it/them. () Put it/them on. () She refused to take off it/them. () She refused to take it/them off. () 1 6. 动词+副词 1) Her husband fools around all day.
6、 她丈夫整天游手好闲。 2) On Saturdays we usually hang about in the park. 周六我们经常在公园玩。 3) We were just messing around playing with paint. 我们只是拿油漆闹着玩。 7. 动词+副词+介词+名词/代词 1) Start now and Ill catch up with you soon. 你先跑，过会儿我能追上你。 2) Lets get down to business. 咱们开始干活吧。 3) He is a man we all look up to. 他是一位我们敬仰的人。
7、2 真 知 出 实 践 1. BE+介词+名词/代词 above board光明正大 above reproach无可指责 above suspicion无需怀疑 after fashion追求时尚 after hours下班后 among other thing别的不说 around the clock昼夜不停 as a matter of fact 事实上 as a result结果是 as a rule一般来说 as yet到现在为止 at a blow一下子；一举 at a loss不知所措 at a time依次；逐一 at all costs不惜任何代价 at all events
8、无论如何 at an end结束；终止 at anchor抛锚 at any cost无论如何 at any rate无论如何；至少 at cost按原价 at dawn黎明时 at dusk黄昏时刻 at ease自由自在 at fault有责任 at first sight一看到就 at full speed以高速度 at hand在手边 at heart内心里 at home在家；在国内 at intervals间隙；不时 at large整个；逍遥法外 at length最终 at liberty不受限制 at no time绝不 at noon在中午 at once立刻；马上 at
9、one blow一下子；一举 at one stroke一举 at one time一度；从前 at ones best最佳时期 at ones convenience方便时 at ones disposal处理；处置 at ones mercy宽容；怜悯 at ones service服务于 at ones summons召之即来 at ones wits end黔驴技穷 at peace处于和平状态 at present目前；现在 at random任意地 at rest静止 at risk有危险 at school在上学 at sixes and sevens乱七八糟 at stake危
10、如累卵 at sunrise日出时 at sunset日落时 at the earliest最早 at the latest最晚 at the mercy of任摆布 at the moment此刻；现在 at the same time同时 at times有时 at will任意；随意 at work在工作 before hand事先 behind schedule推迟；延误 behind the bars坐牢 behind time迟；晚 beyond control无法控制 beyond controversy 无疑的 beyond description无法形容 beyond dis
11、pute毫无疑问 beyond doubt不容怀疑 beyond reproach无可指责 beyond words难用语言表达 by accident偶然地 by air乘飞机 by all means当然可以 by chance偶然地；意外地 by coincidence巧合 by comparison相比之下 3 by contract按合同 by contrast对照之下 by degrees逐渐地 by ear凭听力 by express快速地 by far更；尤其 by force靠武力 by good luck侥幸地 by half 只一半 by hand手工的 by heart
12、凭记性 by hook or crook不择手段 by leaps and bounds突飞猛进 by mistake错误地 by name凭名字 by nature天生地 by no means绝不；根本不 by oneself单独；独立 by post邮寄 by profession就职业来说 by retail以零售形式 by right公正地 by rote机械地 by rule of thumb凭经验 by rule循规蹈矩地 by sea由海路 by surprise出其不意 by the meter论米卖 by the moment到那时候 by the way顺便地 by th
13、e yard论尺卖 by trade就职业而言 by turns轮流地 by way of途径 by wholesale以批发形式 by word of mouth口耳相传 for all that尽管如此 for example例如 for good measure额外的量 for instance比如 for keeps永远地 for the better好转 for the moment暂时；目前 for the most part多半 for the present目前；现在 for the worse恶化；更坏 in a daze恍惚；眼花缭乱 in a fever狂热 in a f
14、og困惑不解；如坠云雾 in a good humor心情好 in a hurry迅速 in a pinch必要时 in a rage一怒之下 in a sense某种意义上 in a way在某种程度上 in a word总而言之 in addition另外 in an extreme极度地 in any case无论如何 in any event在任何情况下 in black and white白纸黑字 in bloom正在开花 in blossom正在开花 in brief简而言之 in broad daylight公开地 in business做买卖 in case假使 in char
15、ge主管 in chorus 一齐；一致 in common共有 in comparison相比之下 in conclusion综上所述 in confidence秘密地 in confusion混乱状态 in consequence结果 in contrast相比之下 in control控制之下 in crop种庄稼 in danger有危险 in debt 欠债 in deed事实上 in demand需求 in depth深入地 in despair绝望 in detail详细地 in dilemma进退两难 in disguise伪装；化妆 in disorder混乱；紊乱 in d
16、isrepute有争议 in doubt有疑问 in due course到一定的时间 in due time及时地 in earnest 认真地；诚挚地 in effect有效；事实上 in essence本质上；其实 in every respect在各方面 in fact实际上 in faith确实；的确 in fashion流行 in fear胆怯；害怕 in force 生效的 in fun开玩笑地 in future今后 in general一般而言 in good condition情况良好 in good condition情况良好 in good faith诚意地 in go
17、od health身体健康 in good mood心情好 in good order有条不紊 in good repair修理完善 in good spirits精神好 in half成两半 in hand掌控中 in haste急忙地 in heaps成堆 in high feather兴高采烈 in high spirits兴高采烈 in hospital住院 in kind性质上 in labor临产 in length长度 in luck运气好 in miniature缩影 in mourning披麻戴孝 in need在困难中 in no case无论如何不 in no time马
18、上；立即 in no way决不 in office执政 in ones honor以名誉 in operation运转着；生效 in opposition在野 in order按次序的 4 in other words换言之 in pain痛苦 in part部分地 in particular尤其；特别 in pause停止；踌躇；沉默 in person亲自；亲身 in place适当的 in poor health 身体坏 in poor mood心情坏 in power当权；在朝的 in practice实践中 in principle原则上 in print已出版 in progre
19、ss进行中 in public大庭广众前 in question正谈论的 in reality事实上 in return作为回报 in rows成排；成行 in ruins废墟一片 in safety处于安全状态 in school在求学 in secret偷偷地；暗地里 in sequence顺次 in shape身体健康 in sight被看到 in stock有现货 in sum总而言之；大体上 in surprise惊奇地 in tears泪流满面 in the air悬而未决 in the bargain外加；另外 in the bud未成熟 in the dark不为人知 in t
20、he distance在远处 in the first place首先 in the future今后；将来 in the least(not) 丝毫不 in the limelight引人注目 in the long run从长远来看 in the main主要 in the open在野外 in the pipeline在酝酿中 in the right站在正义一边 in the same boat处境相同 in the short run短期内 in the short term就眼前来说 in the way造成不便 in the wind正在进行 in the wrong负有责任 i
21、n theory理论上 in time及时 in total总计 in touch在的附近 in trouble处于麻烦中 in truth真实地 in turn轮流 in use在使用中 in vain徒劳无益 in view of由于；鉴于 in vogue在流行 in whispers低声细语 in white穿白衣服 in width宽度 of a kind同一类的 of course当然 of great help 有帮助 of importance具有重要意义 of necessity不可避免的 of no account不重要 of the same age同一年龄 of the
22、 same color同一颜色 of the same height同一身高 of the same size同一尺码 of value有价值 off campus校园外 off course偏离航线 off duty不值班 off guard不站岗 off hand毫无准备 off ones head发疯；发狂 off the job下班 off work没上班 on basis以为基础 on a large scale大规模地 on average平均 on board在船上 on business因公出差 on campus在校内 on display展出；陈列 on duty执勤 on
23、 earth究竟 on edge烦躁 on fire 着火 on foot步行 on good authority证据确凿 on guard站岗 on hand在手边 on hire雇用；出租 on holiday在度假 on leave 休假 on occasion有时；间或 on parade在游行 on pins and needles坐立不安 on principle依原则 on purpose故意地 on record有记载的 on sale出售；贱卖 on schedule按时间表 on second thoughts 再考虑 on strike罢工中 on the air在广播
24、on the alert警戒 on the average平均而言 on the basis of以为基础 on the carpet在被考虑中 on the contrary恰恰相反 on the decline在衰退 on the ebb在退潮 on the go活跃 on the house由承担费用 on the increase不断增加 on the job在上班 on the level诚实地 on the loose散漫；放荡 on the market待售；上市 on the one hand一方面 on the other hand另一方面 on the quiet秘密地 o
25、n the rise在上涨；增长 5 on the run忙碌；奔波 on the side兼职；秘密地 on the sly秘密地 on the spot当场 on the square正直；公平 on the wane逐渐衰退 on the watch 留意 on the way在途中 on the whole大体上 on the wing在飞行中 on thorns 如坐针毡 on time准时；按时 on trial审判；审理 on view展览着 on vacation在度假 on way to在去的途中 out of breath喘不过气 out of business破产；事业
26、out of control失去控制 out of curiosity出于好奇 out of danger脱离危险 out of date陈旧；过时 out of doors在户外 out of expectation大失所望 out of fashion不流行 out of fear由于恐惧 out of hand失去控制 out of office在野 out of ones mind失去理智 out of ones senses失去理智out of order出故障 out of patience没有耐心 out of pity出于同情 out of place不合适 out of po
27、wer无权力 out of practice 疏于练习 out of print绝版的 out of question毫无疑问 out of reach达不到 out of repair失修；破损 out of revenge出于报复 out of season淡季 out of shape变形；走样 out of sight看不见 out of sorts心情不佳 out of step 步调不一致 out of stock无现货 out of temper发火 out of the ordinary非凡的 out of the question不可能 out of trouble 摆脱困境
28、 out of wedlock婚外的 out of work失业 through with完成 to a certain degree某种程度 to date至今 to ones satisfaction令人满意 to ones astonishment令人惊奇 to ones bewilderment令人困惑 to ones credit值得说的是 to ones disappointment令人失望 to ones dismay令人气馁 to ones expectation令人期望 to ones joy令人高兴 to ones regret令人遗憾 to ones relief令人宽慰
29、 to ones satisfaction令人满意 to ones shame令人蒙羞 to ones surprise令人吃惊 to some degree一定程度上 to some extent某种程度上 to the contrary相反的 to the good盈余 to the point中肯；扼要 to this end达到此目标 under a cloud受到怀疑 under age未成年 under certain circumstances在某种情况下 under consideration载考虑中 under construction在建造中 under control出于
30、控制 under discussion在讨论中 under examination在检查中 under fire受到攻击 under investigation在调查中 under no circumstances决不 under ones breath寄人篱下；仰人鼻息 under ones charge受人委托 under ones thumb受人指拨 under repair 在修理 under sail扬着帆 under the care of由管理 under the circumstances在这种情况下 under the cloak of以为借口 under the comma
31、nd of由指挥 under the control of受控制 under the guidance of在指导下 under the heel of被践踏 under the mask of 借之名 under the name of以之名 under the pretext of以为借口 under the rule of在统治下 under the table私下买通 under the veil of以为托词 under the weather身体不舒服 under trial在审判 under way开始进行 up to date到目前为止 up to no good做坏事 up
32、to sb.取决于 with a firm hand 坚决 with a will努力地 with confidence满怀信心 with ease轻而易举 with one accord一致地 with open arms热情地 6 with reason合乎情理 with reference to关于 with reserve有所保留 with the exception of除以外 within an ace of 几乎 within call随叫随到 within reach触手可及 within reason在合理范围内 without cease不停地 without compar
33、e无与伦比 without doubt 无需置疑 without fail必定；一定 without further ado干脆地 without question毫无疑问 2. BE+形容词+介词+名词/代词 be abhorrent of厌恶 be absent from缺席 be absorbed in全神贯注于 be abundant in丰富 be accused of指责；控告 be accustomed to习惯于 be acquainted with 熟悉 be addicted to沉迷于 be adept in 擅长 be adequate for 适合 be adjace
34、nt to毗邻 be adjusted to调整；调节 be adverse to有害 be afflicted with 折磨 be afraid of害怕 be aghast at目瞪口呆 be agreeable to欣然同意 be alive to对敏感 be alive with充满 be allergic to过敏 be amazed at吃惊 be angry at对发怒 be angry with对人生气 be anxious about渴望；担忧 be anxious for焦急；忧虑 be armed to the teeth全副武装 be ashamed of羞愧 be
35、attached to附属于；喜爱 be available for 有效 be aware of知道；意识到 be based on以为基础 be becoming to合适 be beneficial to有益于 be beset with为困扰 be blind to视而不见 be bored to death极为厌烦 be bound for开往 be busy with忙于 be capable of能够 be careful about当心 be careful of小心；注意 be careful with对过细地 be careless about不介意 be certain
36、of确信 be chagrined at 因而悔恨 be characterized by的特点 be civil to对有礼貌 be close to接近；靠近 be cognizant of认识到 be combined with与结合 be common to与共同 be comparable to比得上的 be comparable with与可比 be compared to与相比 be compared with与比较 be compatible with适合；一致 be composed of由组成 be concerned about关心 be concerned with参与
37、；干预 be conditional on取决于 be confident in信任 be confined to禁闭 be conscious of知道 be contemporary wit与同时代 be contradictory to矛盾 be convenient to对方便 be coupled with和联合 be cut out for适合担任 be deaf to充耳不闻 be devoid of缺乏 be devoted to致力于 be different from与不同 be disagreeable to不合意 be due to由于；因为 be eager for渴
38、望 be engaged in从事于 7 be entitled to有资格 be enveloped in被包在中 be envious of嫉妒；羡慕 be equal to胜任；相等 be equivalent to相当于 be essential to对必要的 be expected of寄予期待 be exposed to暴露于 be faced with面临 be familiar to被某人熟悉 be familiar with熟悉某人 be famous for著名 be far from远非 be fed up with饱受；厌烦 be filled with充满着 be f
39、ond of喜欢 be foreign to无关 be fraught with充满 be free from摆脱 be free of免于；免遭 be full of充满 be furnished with安装有 be given to有癖好 be good at擅长 be good for值得；有效 be guilty of有之罪 be hungry for渴望 be identical with与相同 be identified with以著名 be ignorant of不知道 be immersed in陷于 be immune to不受影响 be impatient of忍受不了
40、be impatient with忍不住某人 be independent of无关 be indifferent to漠不关心 be indulged in沉溺于 be infested with成灾 be interested in感兴趣 be intolerant of不能忍受 be jealous of嫉妒 be proud of自豪 be keen on喜欢 be ready for做好准备 be known for因而出名 be reckless of粗心大意 be lacking of缺乏 be regardless of不管；不顾 be late for迟到 be relate
41、d to与有关 be liable to易于 be relative to关于的 be loyal to忠于 be relevant to与有关 be mad about疯狂 be representative of代表 be made of用造成 be rich in含有丰富的 be necessary for有必要 be safe from免受伤害 be noted for因而出名 be satisfactory to令满意 be obedient to顺从 be satisfied with感到满意 be open to开放 be scared of害怕 be opposed to反对
42、be second to仅次于 be overcome with为所制be sensitive to过敏 服 be short of缺乏 be parallel to与平行 be sick for渴望；向往 be parallel with与相应 be sick of厌恶；厌倦 be partial to对偏爱 be solicitous of渴望 be pleased with对满意 be sorry for歉疚 be popular with受欢迎 be steeped in埋头于；专心be preoccupied with一心想于 着 be strict with对严厉 be prepa
43、red for为做准备 be subject to受支配 be present at出席 be subjected to受支配 3. 动词+名词+介词+名词/代词 blow the whistle on揭发 get the hang of 掌握窍门 call a strike against号召罢工 give a reply to回复 catch a glimpser of瞥见 give birth to生育 catch sight of看到 give rise to引起；导致 declare war on对宣战 give way to让路；让道 develop enmity toward敌意
44、 have a soft spot for喜欢 display apathy toward冷淡 have a taste for爱好；提出 do damage to损坏；破坏 have a touch of有一点 express sympathy for表同情 have a way with擅长处理 find fault with批评；找茬 have a word with和交谈 get hold of找到 have access to通经；有权使get in touch with取得联系 用 get rid of除去；处理 have an appeal to投诉；呼吁 get the bes
45、t of占上风 have an attempt at尝试 get the better of胜过 have an effect on对有影get the feel of熟悉做某事 响 8 be subordinate to从属于 be successful in在成功 be sufficient for足够 be suitable for合适的 be superior to优越于 be sure of确信 be surprised at感到惊奇 be susceptible to对敏感 be suspected of被怀疑 be switched on赶时髦 be through with已结
46、束 be tired of厌烦 be true of符合于 be typical of有的特点 be unequal to不胜任 be unfit for不适于 be used to习惯于 be useful to对有益 be wary of提防 be well up in精通 be worried about担忧；烦恼 be worthy of值得的 have an impact on对有影响 have an influence on对影响 have authority over有权 have confidence in对信任 have difficulty in对有困难 have fait
47、h in信任；相信 have impact on对有影响 have influence on对有影响 have no idea of全然不知 have respect for尊重；重视 have trouble with有病痛；闹纠纷 have words with和争论 make impression on留下印take a delight in以为乐 keep an eye on照看；照管 象 take a position on站队 keep pace with并驾齐驱 make love to向示爱 take advantage of利用；欺骗 keep track of与保持联系 make preparation for做准备 take care of 照顾；处理 lose track of与失去联系 make progress in取得进步 take charge of掌管 make a fool of 愚弄 make the best of充分利用 take exception to反对 make a fuss about小题大做 make use of利用 take hold of握住；控制住 make a pass at挑逗 make way to让开；让路 take interest in对感兴趣 mak
