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1、英语句子概论,英语句子的种类,简单句,(simple sentence),并列句,(compound sentence),复合句,(complex sentence),简单句的五种,基本,句型,The weather,is,very cold.,主语,+,谓语（连系动词）,+,表语,He,laughed.,主语,+,谓语（,vi.,）,I,like,Chinese food,.,主语,+,谓语,(vt.)+,宾语,She,taught,them,physics.,主语,+,谓语,(vt.)+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,We must keep the room,warm,.,主语,+,谓语,(v
2、t.)+,宾语,+,宾语补足语,并列句,把两个或几个简单句用,并列连词,连接起来。,I turned on the TV,.My sister and I watched it.,?,I turned on the TV,and,my sister and I watched it.,I bought my sister a present.She didnt like it.,?,I bought my sister a present,but,she didnt like it.,常用并列连词,:,并,并列句,and,bothand,not only but also,?,平行,并列连词,
3、:,neithernor,?,转折,并列连词：,but,however,while,yet,?,因果,并列连词,:,for,so,?,选择,并列连词,:,or,eitheror,复合句,:,主句,+,从句,名词,性从句,定语从句,状语从句,定语从句,1.The boy,who is standing over there,is Tom,2.Because it is raining,we have to stay,状语从句,at home,3.I know,(that)he is from America,名词,性从句,-,(,宾语从句）,Subject Clause,(,主语从句,),Nou
4、n Clauses,(,名词性从句,),Object Clause,（宾语从句）,Predicative Clause,（表语从句）,Appositive,Clause,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,在复合句,中能担任,主语、宾语、表语、同位语,等。,主语,What he does,is important,His job,is important,.,.,表语,This is,his job.,This is,what he does every day.,I don,t like,his job,.,宾语,I don,t like,what he does every day.,同位语,I
5、 don,t know about the man,Mr.White,.,I don,t know about the fact,that he is a,teacher.,名词性从句,的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、,表语从句,、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句,的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。,Who will win the match,is still unknown.,主语从句,I want to know,what he has told you,.,宾语从句,The fact is,that we have lost the game,.,表语从句,The news,that we w
6、on the game,is exciting.,同位语从句,宾语从句的定义,置于,动词、介词,等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫,宾语从句。,宾语从句的语序必须是,陈述语序,。谓语动词、介,词、动词不定式，,v.-ing,形式后面都能带宾语从,句。,有些形容词（,afraid,sure,glad,等）之后也可,以带宾语从句。,宾语从句中引导词的用法,在复合句中作主句的宾语，,引导词,有：,连词：,that(that,常可省略,),whether,if,代词：,who,whose,what,which,副词：,when,where,how,why,等。,1.,I,主语,know,him,.,（简单句
7、）,谓语,宾语,2.,I,主语,主,know,谓语,句,who,he,is,.,（复合句）,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,宾,语,从,句,宾语从句的概念：,宾语从句在复合句中作主句的,宾语,。,句子结构：,主句,+,连词（引导词）,+,宾语从句,1,）主句的谓语动词可以是,及物动词,：,He,wondered,if,he,could,pass,the,exam,.,2,）如果主句的谓语动词是一个带有介词的,词组，那么后接的从句做,介词宾语从句,。,注意：,动词,+,副词,形成的谓语动词词组后也,They,are,talking,about,whether,they,can,可以带宾语从句。,pas
8、s,the,exam,.,3,）有些,形容词后,也可以带有宾语从句。,Im,afraid,(that),he,wont,pass,the,exam,.,引导词种类,一、从属连词,1.,当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定,句），连词由,that,引导，因为,that,在从句中,不作,任何成分,，也,没有任何具体意思,，因此在口语,或非正式文体中,常省略,?,Lin,Tao,knows,(that),his,own,team,is,even,better.,?,She,says,(that),she,wont,take,part,in,the,sports,meeting,next,Sunda
9、y.,?,Jim,thought,(that),the,train,was,like,a,big,moving,party.,?,He,said,(that),he,would,like,to,see,the,headmaster.,引导词种类,2.,当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词,whether,或,if,引导（口语中常用,if,），因为,if/whether,翻,译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不,能省略,Lily,wanted,to,know,if,/whether,her,grandma,liked,the,handbag,.,Lets,see,if,/whether,we,ca
10、n,find,out,some,information,about,that,city,.,It,all,depends,on,whether,she,likes,the,boss,or,not.,引导词种类,二、连接代词,which,what,whose,who,whom,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,；连接代词在从句,中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。,I,wonder,who,will,teach,us.,Mr.,Wang,asked,whose,book,that,was.,You,can,take,whatever,you,like.,引导词种类,
11、三、连接副词,where,when,why,how,等连接副词在句中作状语。,He didnt tell me,when,we should meet again.,Could you please tell me,how,you use the new,panel?,None of us knows,where,these new parts can be,bought.,带,how,的词组也都可以引导宾语从句,?,Could you tell us,how much,it costs to fly to,Hainan?,?,Could you tell us,how often,you g
12、o abroad for,a holiday?,?,Could you tell us,how long,the meeting will last?,?,I dont know,how far,it is to the cinema.,?,Please tell us,how many,students there are in,your school?,?,Can you tell us,how old,his brother is?,?,Please tell us,how soon,you will be ready.,二、时态,1.,如果主句是,现在的时态,（包括一般现在时,，,现在
13、进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根,据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过,去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）,?,I,know,he,lives,here,.,?,I,know,he,lived,here,ten,years,ago,.,?,I,have,heard,that,he,will,come,tomorrow,.,2.,如果主句是,过去的时态,（包括一般过去时，过,去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应,的过去的某种时态（包括,一般过去时，过去进,行时，过去将来时，,过去完成时,）,?,I,knew,who,lived,here.,?,I,told,me,that,she,wa
14、s,talking,with,her,mother,at,that,time,last,week.,?,He,asked,whether,his,father,would,come,back,the,next,day.,?,He,said,that,he,had,seen,it,before.,3.,当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理,时用一般现在时。,The,teacher,said,that,the,sun,travels,around,the,earth,.,The,teacher,said,that,the,world,is,made,up,of,matter.,三、语序,宾语从句的语
15、序用,陈述语序,：,连接词,+,主语,+,谓语,+,其他成分,1.,When,will,he,go,to,the,library?,?,His,brother,asks,when,he,will,go,to,the,library,.,?,His,brother,asks,when,will,he,go,to,the,library,.,2.,What,does,he,want,to,buy,?,?,I,dont,know,what,he,wants,to,buy,.,?,I,dont,know,what,does,he,want,to,buy,.,3.,Who,are,we,going,to
16、,meet,?,?,Can,you,tell,me,who,we,are,going,to,meet,?,?,Can,you,tell,me,who,are,we,going,to,meet,?,4.Does he know French?,?,We want to know if/whether,he knows,French.,?,We want to know if/whether,does he know,French.,5.Will they go to Canada in summer?,?,They re not sure if/whether,they will go to,C
17、anada in summer.,?,They re not sure if/whether,will they go to,Canada in summer.,注意事项,1,could,/,would,是委婉语气，而不是过去式，,因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同,时态。,?,Could,you,please,tell,me,where,we,show,our,tickets,?,?,Could,you,tell,us,which,gate,we,have,to,go,to,?,?,Would,you,like,to,know,when,he,will,come,back,?,2.,如果主
18、句的谓语动词是,ask,时，连词不可能,是,that,；如果主句的谓语动词是,say,时，连,词用,that,?,She,says,(that),she,will,leave,a,message,on,his,desk,.,?,He,said,(that),he,was,going,to,take,care,of,the,child,.,?,He,asks,if,I,like,playing,the,piano,.,?,You,may,ask,the,man,over,there,how,you,can,get,to,the,bus,station,.,3.,当,doubt,doubtful,
19、用于,肯定句,时，后面的,名,词,性,从,句,连,接,词,常,用,whether,或,if,;,当,doubt,doubtful,用于,否定句,时，后面的名,词性从句的连接词用,that,。,I doubt,if/whether,he is at home.,We dont doubt,that,they can complete the,task ahead of time.,4.,当,be,sure,引导主句是,肯定句,时，后面的名,词性从句的连接词常用,that,;,当,be,sure,引导,的主句是,否定句,时，后面的名词性从句的,连接词常用,whether,或,if,。,We are
20、 sure,that,he will be successful soon.,The old man didnt seem to be sure,whether/,if,he had met me.,5.,介词后宾语从句的注意事项：,一般情况下介词后只能用,wh-,类连接词引导的,宾语从句。,I am surprised at,what,he said.,介词后如果接,that,从句，要先加上,it,再加,that,从句，即“介词,+it+that,”,结构。,You may depend on,it,that they will support,you.,(that,不能省略,),介词,ex
21、cept,but,besides,及,in,后可接,that,从句。,I know nothing about him except,that,he lives here.(that,不能省略,),7.,只能使用,whether,而不能使用,if,的几种情况：,介词,后宾语从句用,whether,不用,if.,whether,引导表语从句和同位语从句，而,if,则不能。,whether,后可以加,or not,但是,if,不可以,.,在不定式前只能用,whether.,（如：,I can,t,decide,whether to stay,.,我不能决定是否留下。）,discuss,后宾语从句用
22、,whether,不用,if,。,6.,在,suggest,demand,order,insist,等动词之后,的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，即,“(should+),动词原形”。,He,suggested,that we,(should),set about,doing the work at once.,I,insist,that she,(should),do her work alone.,The leader,ordered,that the army,(should),set,off at once.,7.,连词,if,和,when,在不同从句中的区别：,Do,you,know,if,_
23、back,next,week,?,If,he,_,back,please,let,me,know,.,A.,he,comes,will,come,B.,will,he,come,comes,C.,he,will,come,comes,D.,he,will,come,will,come,主句,一般将来时态,祈使句,含有情态动词,一般现在时态,从句,I dont know when he _(come).I cant,will come,comes,wait here any more.When he _(come),would you please ask him to call me?,8.,
24、连词,+,宾语从句,连词,+to do,?,I dont know what I shall do next.,I dont know,what to do next,.,?,She didnt decide which one she would choose.,She didnt decide,which one to choose,.,?,Please tell me whom youll give the letter to.,Please tell me,whom to give the letter to,.,9.,有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加,it,这类动词主要有,:l
25、ike,hate,take,owe,have,see to.,I hate,it,when they with their mouths full of food.,我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话,.,He will have,it,that our plan is really practical.,他会认为我们的计划确实可行,.,We take,it,that you will agree with us.,我们认为你会同意我们的,.,When you start the engine,you must see to,it,that,car is in neutral.,开启发动机时,一定要使汽
26、车的离合器处于空挡位置,.,10.,宾语从句的,否定转移,主句的谓语动词是,think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess,等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一,般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致,.,I,dont,think he will come to my party.,I,dont,believe that man is killed by Jim,is he,?,11.,宾语从句,不可以省略引导词,that,的情况,当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时,第一个,tha
27、t,可以省略,第二个,that,不可以省略。,except,（介词）后面宾语从句中,that,不可以省略。,宾语从句紧接在间接宾语后时，从句中的,that,不,可以省略。,it,作形式宾语，宾补后宾语从句中的,that,不省略。,I believe,(that),youve done your best and,that,things will improve.,The teacher advised,us,that,we should pay more,attention to reading and writing.,We all believed,it,true,that,Mr.Smit
28、h wasnt a thief.,宾语从句专项练习题,1.The shocking news made me realize,_ terrible problems we would face.,A.what B.how C.that D.why,2.Our teachers always tell us to believe in,_ we do and who we are if we want to,succeed.,A.why B.how C.what D.which,宾语从句专项练习题,3.Weve offered her the job,but I dont know,_ shel
29、l accept it.,A.where B.what C.whether D.which,4.Before the sales start,I make a list of,_ my kids will need for the coming,season.,A.why B.what C.how D.which,宾语从句专项练习题,5.-,I wonder _ youll water this kind of,flower.,-,Every other day.,A.how often B.how long,C.how soon D.how much,6.Men usually go str
30、aight to _ they want,and leave quickly when shopping.,A.what B.which C.where D.that,宾语从句专项练习题,7.We havent discussed yet _ we are,going to place our new furniture.,A.that B.which C.what D.where,8.I want to be liked and loved for _ I am,inside.,A.who B.where C.what D.how,宾语从句专项练习题,9.Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into,tears.No one in the office knew _ she,was so angry.,A.where B.whether C.that D.why,10.How much one enjoys himself travelling,depends largely on _ he goes with,whether his friends or relatives.,A.what B.who C.how D.why,
