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1、法院实用英语词汇法院实用英语词汇 The International Court of Justice (ICJ) 联合国国际法院 Jurisdiction审判权 司法权 the UN Security Council 联合国安全理事会 veto power 否决权 Command theory 指挥理论 customary law 习惯法 jus cogens 强行法 adjourn：延期再审 alibi：不在现场证明 appeal：上诉 appear (in court)：出庭 bailiff：庭丁，(法庭)警卫 by-law：条例，细则 clause：法律条款 defendant：被告
2、dismerit(traffic offense point)：缺点 driving under influence：嗑药后驾驶 driving while intoxicated (DWI)：酒醉后驾驶 evidence：证据 fine：罚锾 first offense：初犯 hear：(法官)审理 hit and run：肇事后逃离现场 illegal parking：违规停车 indict：起诉 jaywalking：违规穿越马路 judge：法官 negligent driving：不小心驾驶 parallel parking：平行停车 perjury：伪证 plead guilty
3、not guilty：认罪 不认罪 preside：(法官)列席 recess：休庭 reckless driving：鲁莽驾驶 ruling：裁决 run the red light：闯红灯 speeding：驾车超速 take an oath：宣誓 testify：做证 traffic court：交通法庭 traffic regulations：交通规则 traffic violation：交通违规 民商法学与经济法学专业词汇 按照出资比例：in proportion to ones respective contributions to the investment 办理注销登记：ca
4、ncel the registration 被代理人：the principal 被侵权人 the infringed 本人名义：in ones name 标的subject matter 补偿制度compensation system 不动产登记制 Lot and Block System 财产法 property law 财产的添附 accretion of property; property accession 财产抵押权 property mortgage 财产继承权：the right of inheritance 财产关系和人身关系：property relationships
5、and personal relationships 财产管理人 property administrator; custodian of property 财产混同 confusion; hotchpot 财产留置权 encumbrance 采用书面形式：in writing 仓单 warehouse voucher 草签合同 initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendum contract 长期合同 long-term contract 偿付能力 solvency capability of reimburseme
6、nt 超越代理权：beyond the scope of ones power of agency 撤消合同cancellation of contract 撤销合同 cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract 撤销权 right of rescission; right of revocation 撤销要约 revocation of offer; revoke an offer 撤销遗赠 cancellation o will; revocationi of will 承运人 actual fault of the car
7、rier 承运人的留置权 carriers lien 诚信原则 principle of good faith 诚实信用原则：principle honesty and credibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle 船舶承租人 charterer 船舶抵押权 right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship; ship mortgage 船舶抵押权的设定 establishment
8、 of mortgage of the ship 船舶抵押的消灭 extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship 船舶抵押权登记 registration of ship mortgage 船舶留置权 possessory lien; lien of ship 村民委员会：the village committee 惩罚性的损害赔偿 punitive damages 乘人之危：take advantage of ones unfavorable position 处分财产 dispose of properties 处分权 act of disposit
9、ion 处分原则 principle of disposition 代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by 代理权终止：the expiration of ones power of agency 单独承担的责任 undivided responsibility 单方法律行为unilateral obligation 单方行政行为 unilateral administrative act 等价有偿：making compensation for equal value 对等原则 principle of reciprocity 对价consi
10、deration 对抗措施counter measure 对人权right in personam; personal right 对世权 real right; right in rem 恶意串通：conspire maliciously 恶意行为ill will mala fides 法人 judicial person; legal body 法人的权利能力 legal capacity of juristic person 法人的责任能力 capacity for responsibility of juristic person 法人权限 corporate power 法人人格 c
11、orporate personality 法人身份 status of a legal person 法人团体 corporation 法人资格 corporate capacity 法人组织章程：the articles of association of the legal person 负共同连带责任 liable jointly and severally 负全部责任 bear all responsibilities; in all charge 负有解释的义务 accountable 负有连带义务的每个债务人：each of the joint debtors 附带的条件 inci
12、dent 附带要求 contingent claim 附带原因 contributory cause; inherent cause 附条件的民事法律行为：conditional civil juristic acts 附条件的权利 conditional right 赋予权力 entitle 个体工商户：individual businesses 个人合伙：individual partnership 各尽所能，按劳分配 from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs 给付定金：leave a deposi
13、t with the other party 工商行政管理机关：the administrative agency for industry and commerce 公民基本义务 fundamental duties of citizens 合同contract 合同法 contract law 合同副本 copies of the contract 合同规定 contract provisions/stipulations 合同履行地法 lex loci contractus 合同期限contract period (or contract term) 合同条款contract terms
14、 (or contract clause) 合同有效期contract life 合同正本 originals of the contract 合伙人：partners 合议制 collegial system 核准登记的经营范围：within the range approved and registered 恢复原状 recovery of original state; restitution; restoration of he original conditions; retitutio in integrum 集体所有制企业：an enterprise under collecti
15、ve ownership 技术合同纠纷案件 controversy over a technology contract 监护人：guardian 经主管机关核准登记：approved and registered by the competent authority 居民委员会：the neighborhood committee 履行监护职责：fulfill duty of guardianship 埋藏物、隐藏物：buried or concealed object 买卖、出租、抵押、转让：be sold, leased, mortgaged or transferred 农村承包经营户
16、：leaseholding farm households 平等主体：civil subjects with equal status 企业法人被撤销：the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person 企业法人分立、合并：the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person 企业法人解散：disbanding of an enterprise as legal person 契约自由 liberty of contract 取得不当得利：profits acquired improper
17、ly and without a lawful basis 取得法人资格：be qualified as a legal person 全民所有制企业：an enterprise owned by the whole people 让与 alien; alienate; assign; cede 让与的利益 benefit of cession 让与权 benefit of cessioni 设定义务的规则 rule of imposing duty 设立、变更、终止民事关系：establish, change or terminate civil relationship 所有权 owner
18、ship 书面合同 a written contract 双倍返还定金：repay the deposit in double 双方法律行为 bilateral legal transaction 擅自变更或者解除：alter or rescind ones act arbitrarily 他物权 right over the property of another 提供一定的财产作为抵押物：offer a specific property as a pledge 违反合同breach of contract 委托代理：entrusted agency 委托代理人：an entrusted
19、agent 无过错责任 liability without negligence 无民事行为能力人：a person having no capacity for civil conduct 无因管理：act as manager or provide services in order to protect another persons interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so 下落不明 ones whereabouts have been unknown 限制民事行为能力人：a person
20、with limited capacity for civil conduct 享有连带权利的每个债权人：each of the joint creditors 行使代理权：exercise the power of agency 宣告为无民事行为能力人：declare to be a person to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct 遗失物、漂流物：lost-and-found objects, flotsam 以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还：to keep the pledge to offset
21、 the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the sale of the pledge 以合法形式掩盖非法目的：perform under the guise of legitimate acts which conceal illegitimate purposes 以欺诈、胁迫的手段：as a result of cheating or coercion 意思表示 show ones intention 意思表示真实：the intention expressed is genui
22、ne 优先购买的权利：a right of pre-emption 优先权 priority, preemptive right 有过错的一方：the erring party 有连带责任的 conjunctly and severally 有权向债务人追偿：have the right to claim repayment from the debto 造成财产损失：cause any property loss 责任能力 capacity for responsibility 责任年龄 capacity of responsibility; year of discretion 债的标的
23、object of obligation 债的发生 creation of obligation 债的消灭 extinction of obligation 占有人有权留置该财产：the possessor shall have a lien on the property 指定代理：appointed agency 执行合同 carry out a contract, execute/implement/fulfill/perform a contract 主要办事机构：the main administrative office 追偿：claim compensation from 住所：
24、domicile 刑法学和行政法学专业词汇 帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据罪 crime of aiding a client to destroy or forge evidence 绑架妇女儿童罪 crime of kidnapping women and children 包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪 crime of harboring a mafia-style syndicate 包庇毒品犯罪分子罪 crime of harboring drug criminals 报复陷害罪case of retaliation and frame-ups 必要共同犯罪 indispensable jo
25、int crime 并科原则 doctrine of cumulating punishments 剥夺权利deprival of rights 不能犯 impossibility; unrealized offense 参加恐怖活动组织罪 crime of taking part in an organization engaged in terrorist activities 超越管辖权 excess of jurisdiction 超越职权范围 overstep ones authority 惩办和宽大相结合combine punishment with leniency 惩办少数、改
26、造多数的原则 principle of punishing the few and reforming the many 惩罚措施 punitive measure 惩罚性制裁 punitive sanction 惩罚与教育相结合 combination of punishment and education 处以刑罚 inflict punishment 处以有期徒刑 sentence to fixed-term imprisonment 触犯法律 break the law; violate the law 抽逃出资罪 crime of flight of capital contribu
27、tion 抽象行政行为 abstract administrative act 出口骗税犯罪活动 criminal activities of cheating out of tax rebates in export 出售伪造发票罪 crime of selling counterfeit currency 出于对法律的无知 from ignorance of law 出于恶意 from malevolence 从轻处罚 gie a lesser punishment 从重处罚 give a severer punishment 单位受贿罪 crime of bribe taken by a
28、 unit 单一犯罪构成 single constitution of crime 盗伐林木罪 crime of illegally chopping down trees; crime of illegally felling trees 盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物罪 crime of stealing or seizing guns, ammunition or explosives 盗窃犯 theft act; larcenist 渎职犯罪案件case of dereliction of duty 对象不能犯 object impossibility 多次作案 repeatedly c
29、ommit crimes 罚不当罪 punishment does not fit the crime 犯意 criminal intent; mens real 犯罪低龄化 lowering ages of criminal offenders 犯罪动机 criminal motive 犯罪构成 constitution of a crime; constitutive elements of a crime 犯罪构成要件 special constitutive elements of crime 犯罪故意 criminal intent; guilty intent; meas rea
30、犯罪集团 criminal gang; criminal group 犯罪客观要件 objective circumstances of a crime 犯罪客体 criminal object; object of a crime 犯罪实行终了 completion of a criminal act 犯罪学 criminology 犯罪预防 crime prevention 犯罪中止 discontinuance of crime; desistance of crime 犯罪主观方面要素 subjective elements of crime 犯罪主体 subject of crime
31、 犯罪着手 initiate a crime 犯罪组织 criminal organization 贩卖毒品罪 drug offense; crime of drug trafficking 防卫过当 unjustifiable self-defense 防卫挑拨 instigation of defense; provocation of defense 防卫限度 limit of defense 防止类似事件重演 prevent the recurrence of similar incidents 妨碍公务罪 crime of disrupting public service 妨害公共
32、安全罪 crime of impairing public security 放弃权利 withdraw a claim; waive a right 非法持、私藏枪支、弹药罪 crime of illegally holding or hiding a firearm or ammunition 非法持有毒品罪 crime of illegally holding drugs 非法干涉 illegal intervention 非法干预 unlawful interference 非法出售增值税专用发票罪 crime of illegal selling invoice for exclus
33、ive use of VAT 非法活动 unlawful activities 非法利益 unlawful interests 非法手段 illegal means 非强制性行政行为 non-coercive form of administrative action 非正式的 informal; irregular 非*机关 non-governmental organization 非主要条件 non-essential stipulation 非专业的 non-professional 诽谤罪 crime of defamation 隔地犯 offense of segregation
34、by location 隔时犯 offense of segregation by time 工具不能犯 impossibility of instruments 故意犯罪 calculated crime; intentional crime 故意杀人罪 crime of intentional homicide 故意伤害罪 crime of willful and malicious injury 管辖：jurisdiction 惯犯 habitual criminal 惯例 custom and usage 过失犯罪 criminal negligence; involuntary cr
35、ime; negligent crime 国家赔偿案件 case of state compensation 国家赔偿的归责原则 principle of culpability for state compensation 国家赔偿的双重过错原则 principle of dual faults for state compensation 国家赔偿法 state compensation law 国家赔偿主体 subject of state compensation 国家权力机关 state authority 国际审判机关 state judicial organs 国家行政机关 st
36、ate administrative organs 国家意志 states will 国家职能 function of the state 国民待遇 national treatment 黑社会性质的犯罪集团 gangland criminal syndicate; mafia-style criminal gang 缓期二年执行 with a two-year reprieve 缓刑 probate cessat executio 集合犯 aggregate offense; collective offense 既遂犯 accomplished crime 继承法 inheritance
37、law 继续犯 continuous crime 加重处罚 give an aggravated punishment beyond the maximum prescribed 假冒他人注册商标罪 crime of counterfeiting the registered trademark of another 假释 parole 假想防卫 imaginative defense 假想数罪 imaginatively several crimes 简单共同犯罪 simple joint crime 间接故意 indirect intent; indirect iintentino 教唆未
38、遂 attempt of solicitation 劫持船只、汽车罪 crime of hijacking a ship or an automobile 劫持航空器罪 crime of skyjacking 结果犯 consequential offen 结果加重犯 aggregated consequential offense 结合犯 combinative crime; integrated offense se 拒不执行人民法院判决、裁定罪 crime of refusing o execute judgments or orders of the Peoples Court 具结悔
39、过 make a statement of repentence 具体行政行为 specific administrative act 具体罪名concrete accusation 绝对不确定法定刑 absolutely indeterminate statutory punishment 军人违反职责罪 crimes of soldiers violating military dutie 抗税罪 offense of resisting taxes 客体不能犯 object impossibility 空白罪状 blank facts about a crime 滥伐林木罪 crime
40、of illegal denudation 累犯 recidivist; repeat offender; cumulative offense 连续犯罪 continuing crime 量刑 criterion for sentencing; sentencing criterion 量刑不当 criterion for sentence 量刑幅度 extent for discretionary action of sentencing 虐待罪 crime of abusing member of ones family 挪用公款案 case of misappropriation of
41、 public funds 偶犯 casual offender; casual offense 情节加重犯 aggravated offense by circumstances 情节特别严重 when the circumstances are particularly wicked 情节严重、构成犯罪的 when the circumstances are so serious as to constitute a crime 取保候审 post a bail and await trial with restricted liberty of moving 扰乱公共场所秩序罪 crim
42、e of disturbing order at public places 刑法 criminal law 刑罚 penalty; punishment 刑事责任能力 criminal capacity 行政法 administrative law; executive law 行政法规 administrative laws and regulations 行政法学 administrative jurisprudence 行政解释 administrative interpretation 行政救济 administrative remedy 预防犯罪 anti-crime 治安管理 s
43、ecurity administration 治安条例 security regulations 法律专业词汇中英对照之A,B action of debt 债务诉讼 acquit 无罪 adjourn 暂时停止执行 administrative decision 行政判决结果 ad damnum 主张一定数额的赔偿金 adverse judgement 不利的判决 affidavit 传票送达人所写的切结书 affirm 确定原判决 affirm defence 积极的抗辩 agency stage 行政机关的裁决 agency hearing 听证会 allegation 主张的事实 am
44、erican law 美国法 an ex parte hearing 一方当事人到庭说明 an adversary hearing 双方当事人到庭辩论 answer 答辩状 appellate jurisdiction 上诉管辖权 appeal 上诉 appellant 上诉人 appellee 被上诉人 appropriate 永久占有 arrest the judgement 暂时终止法院判决结果 arraignment 刑事案件法官与当事人之间安排案件的程序 assigned counsel 公设辩护人 assumpsit 承诺履行 bailment 寄托制度 bail 保释 beyon
45、d the reasonable doubt 超越合理的怀疑 bill of Middlesex 早期诉讼当事人向国王秘书处申请的令状，同意发给后才能到 国王法院进行诉讼 bailliff 法庭内的法警 bias 偏见 bench of conference 到法官室或法官面前进行会议 bond 提供担保 burden of proof 举证责任 case law 案例法 cause of action 起诉理由 chancellor 衡平法官 chancery division 衡平法庭 circuit court 巡回法院 civil law 大陆法 civil right act 人权法
46、案 civil procedure 民事诉讼法 clerk 书记官 closing argument 诉讼结论 codefedant 共同被告 common law 普通法、习惯法、一致法、共同法 compurgation 宣誓采证法 compurgatory 宣誓采证法中的证人 complaint 起诉状 concurrent jurisdiction 竞合管辖权 consideration 约因 consortium 婚姻生活权；配偶权；亲权 contempt of court 藐视法庭罪 contract under seal 封印契约 contributory negligence 加
47、工过失 corpus juris secundum 美国法律百科全书 counterclaim 反诉 court of common pleas 民诉法院 court of kings bench 王室法院 court of exchequer 财务法院 court of exchequer chamber 财务上诉法院 country court 乡镇法院 court of common bench 民诉法院 court of chancery 衡平法院 court of justice of the peace 地方治安法院 court of probate 遗嘱继承法院 court of
48、 divorce 婚姻法院 court of appeal in chancery 衡平上诉法院 court of crown cases reserved 皇室上诉法院 court of assize 巡回法院 court of outside the united kingdom 英国境外各法院 court of first instance 第一审法院 court of second instance 第二审法院 court of the international trade 国际贸易法院 court of appeals for the federal circuit 联邦巡回上诉法院 co
