《浅析拉丁语对英语词汇的影响.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《浅析拉丁语对英语词汇的影响.docx（10页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、浅析拉丁语对英语词汇的影响Analysis of the influence on English Vocabulary English is now the worlds most extensive scope of application of a language, how to To quickly and flexibly to master this language, is that many people struggling target. Engaged in English Language teaching for many years the author thin
2、ks, learning and the accumulation of words is the first step. But in the The learning process, we will have a lot of questions, for example: why such as English Vocabulary This complex, why so many foreign words, synonyms, why so rich in spelling Why so complicated and so on. The study found that, E
3、nglish vocabulary by part of the family Language, many Latin, French and Greek language word composition. The Latin accounted for the largest proportion, in the 5000 most commonly used words, there are 47% sources of latin. Therefore, to really master English, one should first understand the Latin I
4、n the development of English in the role. Filed in Latin, a lot of people will feel strange. In fact, the Latin right in my Their life, only because we are learning English when exposed to pass Often take it as English. As we often see such word: a.m. ( AM), p.m ( PM), No ( number article . ), cup (
5、 cup ), Candle ( candle ), oil ( oil ), mile ( miles ), street (street ), pear ( pear ), history ( History), picture ( picture ), plum ( Mei ), quiet ( ANN Static ), polite ( polite ) . To see this, you may be surprised, these are Latin! So, how is the Latin into English? Latin is the worlds most an
6、cient language, because produce in Europe the half The island is named lacZ region. Along with the ancient Rome Empire, Latin. Ring beyond Italy, spread to the whole of Europe, Western Asia and North africa. And the local language Word combination, gradually divided into Italian, French, Spanish, po
7、rtuguese, The language of Provence and Romania. Latin spoken disappeared, but the written Languages are retained, such as in Europe, there are many famous writers, written in Latin. As modern medicine; it is also the important tool of science and biology of language, such as drug name Word, anatomy
8、nouns and zoology and botany noun nouns in Latin life Name; the medical profession to formal Latin prescription for international exchange; the Bible is also Written in latin 一Latin into English Vocabulary ( a ) the Latin in Europe so prevalent, and the shape and number of letters in the English alp
9、habet With the very similar, so it in English in the development of the influence is The inevitable. On English vocabulary, grammar, composition structure and other aspects of pronunciation Have a significant positive impact, especially in the most profound influence on vocabulary. ( two) relative t
10、o the Latin English is a kind of new language, vocabulary has Limit. The inherent word deriving many ability is weaker, not even derived ability, this Limits the expansion effect of English vocabulary, English expression ability. The English vocabulary has 25% from Latin, in medical English in Latin
11、 as many as 75%, in modern English Language commonly used vocabulary alone has more than ten thousand Latin words. In these single Word, some comes from a Latin word ( such as: Latin: ser NUS Eng Lish: serene ), some are without change and directly uses (such as: Latin: L. Rva - English : larva ), t
12、hus, the vast majority of English vocabulary from Latin Evolved. With so many English loanwords, it enriched the original The boring English word world. ( three) the English linguists many Latin study found, Latin influence in English can be divided into four periods: In 1, the first phase of borrow
13、ed words This period refers to the period in mainland, namely the early Anglo-Saxon in Britain had been settled. At the time of their tribe in continental Europe, often with the Romans There is a trade and other contacts. The Romans said the unique things in some Latin words Come into the Germanic l
14、anguages. There are household names, such as Beet ( sugar beet ), cup ( cup ), dish ( disc ), kettle ( pot), pillow ( pillow ); there is Said plant nouns, such as pear ( pear ), plum ( Mei ), turnip ( carrot ), Pepper ( pepper ); and street (street ), wall ( wall), colony ( Colonial The ground), win
15、e ( wine ), oil ( oil ), vinegar ( vinegar ), mule ( a, pound ) ( LB), ounce ( English ). 2, second issue of borrowed words The Old English period. Rome Christian in AD 597 years landed in Britain Islands. The missionaries in the missionary at the same time, the Latin words in religion brought The E
16、nglish people, these words are mostly associated with religion or religious rituals: Angel ( angel ), Creed (teachings ), disciple ( disciples), mass ( mass ), the monk ( monk ), nun ( nun ), Pope ( Bishop ), priest (Priest ), altar ( altar), shrine (Shrine ), chapter ( Priest ), organ ( organ ), ca
17、ndle ( candle ). But early English has absorbed a large number of foreign language habits, still with native language vocabulary Lord. 3, third issue of borrowed words The Middle English period. In this period, especially from 14 to fifteenth Century, Latin words into english. These words related to
18、 law, theology, literature, Medicine, science and other fields. From Middle English can be seen as follows some English Words: abject ( poor ), adjacent ( adjacent ), allegory ( allegory), Conspiracy ( plot), contempt (defiance ), custody ( detention ), distract ( dispersion ), equivalent ( equal ),
19、 frustrate ( defeat ), Genius ( genius ), Gesture ( posture), history ( History), homicide ( homicide), immune ( exempt The ), incarnate ( reflected ), include ( including ), incredible ( not to be trusted The ), Incubus ( burden ), incumbent ( obligatory ), index ( index ), individual ( personal ),
20、 infancy (babies ), inferior ( inferior The ), infinite ( unlimited ), innumerable (numerous ), intellect ( Science and Intelligence), interrupt ( interrupt ), juniper ( juniper ), legal ( Law), Legitimate ( legal), limbo ( the edge of hell ), lunatic ( insanity The ), magnify ( amplification ), mal
21、efactor ( criminal ), mechanical ( machinery The ), mediator ( mediator ), minor ( smaller ), Missal ( MOD Missal ) Erate ( moderate), necessary ( necessary ), nervous (neural ), notary ( notary ), ornate ( decorative ), Pauper (poor ), picture ( painting Piece of ), polite ( polite ), popular ( pub
22、lic ), prevent ( prevent ), pri - Vate ( private ), project ( Engineering ), promote ( promoted ), prosecute ( completely The prosecution ), prosody ( prosody ), quiet ( silent ), rational ( rational The ), reject ( refuse ), remit ( forgiveness ), script ( handwriting ), Scripture ( hand Release),
23、secular ( secular ), simile ( simile ), solar ( sun ), solitary ( alone), spacious ( broad ), submit ( Gwinnett ), subscribe ( sign Agency ), substitute ( instead), summary ( Abstract ), supplicate ( request ), Suppress (suppressed ), temperate ( moderate ), temporal ( temporary ), Testify ( certifi
24、cate), tract ( a ), tributary ( tributary), ulcer ( ulcer ), Zen - Ith ( zenith ), zephyr ( West ). Oxford big dictionary put these words are listed Is borrowed directly from latin. 4, fourth issue of borrowed words The modern English period, is also after the renaissance. At the time of Humanism Th
25、ose keen on ancient Greece and Luo Wenhuas research, the present translation of Latin Into English, so that many Latin words into english. Classical languages ( Latin Language, Greek ) and classical literature has become the main content of the education. From sixteenth Century By eighteenth Century
26、, writers, scientists have used Latin writing papers, such as the Bacon ( Francis Bacon ), n ( Isaac Newton ) works like this. Here we can just give some examples: Education ( education ), Dedicate ( dedication, sacrifice ), esteem ( respect ), benevolent ( kind ), Enterprise ( business ), studious
27、( Academic ), endeavor ( hard ), protest ( protest ), reproach ( blame ), malignity ( malicious ) and represents the abstract concept Read the word; tuberculosis ( TB ), angina ( sore throat ), furuncle ( furuncle Sores ), advocate ( defender ), appeal (appeal ), civil ( Civil ), jurist ( Law ) and
28、other natural sciences and social sciences . . According to Oxford The data dictionary, in Renaissance into English foreign words ten thousand More than two thousand, most European languages in English vocabulary belongs to the international composition The word originates from the Latin word for a
29、group of all. These words are mostly academic vocabulary, For example, represents the abstract concept of word and term of science and technology. 二Have a look on from the formation of Latin influence in English ( a ) the English words is generally made of roots, prefixes and suffixes. Root It is a
30、core of a word, usually do not change the basic meaning of the word, containing. It is The basic word, derived from this new words also have some common sense. Affixes in root before or after, as the root to add certain significance. ( two) in English common Latin prefixes are: per - ( a, each ) - p
31、erson; con - ( common ) - contract, dis - (; - apart, from) - Dissection, extra - (; outside, over ) - extraordinary im - - ( to make . ) impression; inter - ( in the . Between) - Internation - Al; multi -, ( much ) - multiply; op - ( inverse, reverse, reverse ) - oppose; Post -, (post) - postwar; p
32、re -, ( first, before) - prehistory; The re - (, and ) - reaction, recall; super -, ( super ) - Super - Market, superstar; tri - ( three ) - triangle; Bi - ( two, double ) - bicycle, bilingual etc. ( three) suffix in roots, and root adds new meaning. In In English, the most common Latin suffix: - -
33、able-eatable, vegeta - Ble; - Al animal - ent; accident; - IC epidem IC; - ist socialist - ism; socialism; - or doc Tor; - sion-permission - ous-dangerous, serious; - - Ure-picture, future, culture; captive; - ive-native, - ize - organize, - ible-visible, modernize; responsible; - ment - experiment,
34、 - movement; - ity-reality, - ar-solar - - Sure-treasure, measure - ive-motive and so on. ( four) hybrid words is a special case of the English word formation. From Latin prefix, after Compose and root with English prefix, suffix and root connected, form new words, extension Wide formation channel,
35、enlarge vocabulary. Such as: biweekly-bi - week-ly ( double Weekly, biweekly); aeroplane-aero - plane ( airplane ), aero is Latin roots; plane is the English roots. Learning vocabulary and language learning other components, can be different from In the perspective of. Synchronic linguistics ( synch
36、ronic linguistics ) and diachronic language Linguistics ( Diachronic Linguistics ) is two kinds of different methods. Synchronic Linguistic research in a certain period, diachronic linguistics studies the evolution of language Development. This two ways despite the research approach is different, bu
37、t complementary photograph Into nineteenth Century; linguistic research results mainly in the former, since twentieth Century Most of the achievements in the latter. We are learning English vocabulary easily understand it The development process of English vocabulary, picture more clear understanding, on the Many puzzling phenomenon to find the answers.
