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1、浅析大学生创新创业教育现状与对策 一、创新创业教育的相关内容以及内涵介绍 什么是创新？在产业领域，商业成功往往是创新的最终检验标准，所以一般把创新定义为：能为组织创造新的附加值的新思想在市场上的成功实施。在这一创新定义中，它包括对新思想的开发和付诸实施，其中，新思想的开发或取得过程是一个组织创造性的体现，而实施一词则强调了创新和创造性之间的关键区别。但是，当把创新融入教育理念的时候，创新的含义其实是等同于创造性的，意思是引入新的东西或思想，或富有想象力的新思想的产生或“有用的、新颖的思想”。 创业教育是培养人的创业意识、创业思维、创业技能等各种创业综合素质，并最终使被教育者具有一定创业能力的教
2、育。联合国教科文组织认为，从广义上来说，创业教育是指培养具有开创性的个人，是除了学术教育、职业教育之外的第三本教育护照。通过创业教育，使高校毕业生从单纯的求职者，转向工作岗位的创造者。 二、各大高校创新创业教育现状以及问题分析 教育理念不能与时俱进。随着高校人才培养模式和教育教学改革的不断推进，偏重专业理论知识灌输，轻视理论联系实际，较少落实实践实习的传统教育观念，理论知识先于并重于实践操作的课程实施模式，实践活动辅助并依附于理论传授的教学模式已经有了较大的改进。但是在创新创业教育工作的实际开展中贯彻不够彻底、不够深入。目前，教育教学依然停留在强调理论知识的专业性、系统性和完整性的层面，大多数
3、仍旧按照传统的专业教育的实施套路，以实习实践为主导，以体验式实训为特色的教育教学理念和实施模式均未得到充分的重视和落实。 人才培养模式改革不彻底。大学生创新创业教育是一项复杂、系统的人才培养体系。但在当前大部分高校，大学生创新创业教育工作还没有融入人才培养模式和教育教学体系之中，还没有形成统一的、可实施的人才培养方案，往往仅作为大学生就业指导服务的一个职能，缺乏资源整合和实施体系的构建，效果并不理想。举例来说，大多高校按照教育的要求开设了大学生职业发展与就业指导必修或选修课程，里面涵盖的创新创业教育部分也仅仅是2-4学时的创业启蒙与概述的课程，而且这些学时的课程往往是通过第二课堂的形式开展相关
4、讲座或辅导报告，还鲜有把创新创业教育有效融入专业教育和文化素质教育的人才培养体系之中，实现开设独立的、正式的课程的少之又少，更没有建立起统一人才培养目标下的多层次、立体化课程体系。也就是说，大学生创新创业教育还没有纳入整个人才培养体系的各实施环节之中，没有渗透到人才培养的各个层面。 教育教学内容与形式创新不够。从创新创业教育的内容层面来看，偏重于政策宣讲、行业分享等，内容狭窄，功能单一，在创业能力的培养以及创业实务训练等方面着力较少，致使学生并没有从中获益，也无法真正去开创一项事业。此外，教育教学的实施模式缺乏创新创业教育所要求的互动体验式实训的方法手段，没有凸显在实践过程中领会运用并检验理论
5、，以及形成理论观点乃至创新创造价值。 创新创业教育专职师资不足、专业化水平不高等问题是制约大学生创新创业教育的关键因素。创新创业教育师资是的实施者，是学生创新思维和创业意识的开发者，是学生创业精神和创业素质的培养者，是学生创新创业实践活动的引领者。虽然各高校通过各种途径和方法，重点培养了部分创新创业教育师资的专兼职队伍，但就实效来看，该师资队伍的专业化水平仍待提高，在承担创新创业教育任务时存在理论素养不够、实践经验匮乏等实际困难。由于创新创业教育是实践性很强的教育活动，目前大多数老师缺乏创业实践经历，缺乏系统、专业的创新创业教育训练，导致他们往往纸上谈兵，学生质疑其传授的创新创业知识与理念，造
6、成创新创业教育的实际成效不大。 三、学生创新创业教育培训的方法分析 要想发展好学生创新创业培训，就必须寻找出正确的道路和方法。首先我们需要有一个正确的发展方向，并且建立一个完整的教育体系，将创新创业教育培训变为现代学生必学的一门课程，对大学生进行专业培训。课程的选择上要切合实际，将经济、法律、管理、创业、营销等方面的知识加入到其中。学生学习需要一个良好的学习氛围，要一个有力于创新创业教育培训的环境。应该有一个专业的教师团队，对学生进行正确的指导，负责好整个培训的管理工作，制定相关的条例。增强学生学习的兴趣，加强学生的创新意识，让学生主动加入到培训中去，只要让学生对创新创业教育培训产生兴趣，就会
7、促进教育培训的发展。建立一个专业的创新创业社团，加强学生之间的交流活动，提供一个良好的交流平台。大学生接受培训之后还要进行实践检验，这样才可以让学生对这方面的理解更加深刻，在走入社会的时候更加的自信。 四、结语 高校的创新创业教育涉及高校、*、企业、家庭、学生等多个方面，各个方面相互影响，相互支持，构成一个完整的创新创业教育生态培育体系。高校创新创业教育的开展需要*、企业、家庭、学生的大力支持;*的创新创业战略需要高校、企业、家庭、学生的贯彻落实;企业的壮大发展需要更多具有创新创业素质的人才支撑;家庭、学生需要通过培养创新创业意识，不断提高创新创业能力，为自己开创一个美好的未来。 First,
8、 innovation and entrepreneurship education related content and content of the introduction What is innovation? In the field of industry, business success is often the ultimate test standard of innovation, so it is generally defined as: the successful implementation of new ideas in the market for the
9、 organization to create new added value. In the definition of innovation, it includes to new ideas of development (obtained) and put into practice and the development of new ideas or to get is the embodiment of a creative organizational, and the implementation of the word emphasizes the crucial dist
10、inction between innovation and creativity. But when the innovation into the philosophy of education, the meaning of innovation is actually equivalent to the creative, meaning the introduction of new things or ideas, or imaginative new ideas produced or useful, novel thought. Entrepreneurship educati
11、on is to cultivate peoples entrepreneurial awareness, entrepreneurial thinking, entrepreneurial skills and other comprehensive quality of entrepreneurship, and ultimately to be educated with a certain entrepreneurial ability of education. United Nations Educational, scientific and cultural organizat
12、ion that, in a broad sense, entrepreneurship education refers to the cultivation of creative individuals, in addition to academic education, vocational education, third of the educational passport. Through entrepreneurship education, so that college graduates from a simple job seekers, to work for t
13、he post of the creator. Two. The current situation and problems of innovation and entrepreneurship education in Universities Education concept cant keep pace with the times. There have been greatly improved with the college talent cultivation mode and the reform of education and teaching will contin
14、ue to promote, emphasis on professional theoretical knowledge indoctrination, despise of theory with practice, less implementation practice of the traditional concept of education, theoretical knowledge, prior to both in the practice of curriculum implementation mode and practice auxiliary and attac
15、hment in theory teaching of teaching mode. But in the actual implementation of the innovation and entrepreneurship education work is not thorough enough, not enough depth. At present, education teaching still stay in emphasizing the theory knowledge of professional, systematic and integrity level, m
16、ost are still in accordance with the traditional professional education in the implementation of routine, to practice led, to experience type training characteristic of the education teaching idea and the implementation of the model, have not been sufficient attention and Implementation. Talent trai
17、ning mode reform is not complete. The innovation and entrepreneurship education of university students is a complicated and systematic talent training system. But in most of the colleges and universities, the work of innovation and entrepreneurship education for college students has not been integra
18、ted into the talent cultivation pattern and teaching system, have not formed unified, the implementation of talent training scheme, often only as a function of college students employment guidance and service, lack resource integration and implementation of the system construction, the effect is not
19、 ideal. For example. Most colleges in accordance with the requirements of education opened the college students career development and employment guidance required or elective course, which covers the innovation and entrepreneurship education is only 2-4 hours of entrepreneurship enlightenment and o
20、verview of the courses, and courses in these hours is often through the second class of forms to carry out related lectures or tutorials report, and few of them have the innovation and entrepreneurship education effectively integrated into the professional education and the cultural quality educatio
21、n of talent training system, open independent, a formal course less and less, and still less to set up unified personnel training objectives of multi-level, three-dimensional curriculum system. That is to say, the innovation and entrepreneurship education of university students has not been included
22、 in the implementation of the whole personnel training system. Education and teaching content and form innovation is not enough. From the perspective of innovation and entrepreneurship education content, emphasis on policy propaganda, industry sharing, content is too narrow, single function, in entr
23、epreneurial ability training and entrepreneurship practice training focus on less. As a result, many students didnt benefit from, can not really to start a career. In addition, the implementation mode of education and teaching lack innovation and entrepreneurship education interactive experience typ
24、e training methods and means, not prominent in the process of practice understand the use and test theory, and forming theories and innovation to create value. Innovation and entrepreneurship education full time teachers, professional level is not high, the key factors that restrict college students
25、 innovation and entrepreneurship education. Innovation and entrepreneurship education teachers is the implementation of the students, innovative thinking and entrepreneurial awareness of the developer, is the student entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship quality of the training, is the student innov
26、ation and entrepreneurship practice of the leading person. Although colleges and universities through various channels and in various ways, focus on the cultivation of the part of innovation and entrepreneurship education teaching full-time and part-time teams, but effectiveness point of view, the t
27、eachers professional level still needs to be improved, in undertaking the task of creative and entrepreneurship education exist theoretical knowledge is not enough, the lack of practical experience and practical difficulties. Since the innovation and entrepreneurship education is very practical educ
28、ational activities. At present, most teachers lack of entrepreneurial practice experience, lack of system, professional innovation and entrepreneurship education and training, resulting in they tend to be an armchair strategist, students questioned the teaching innovation and entrepreneurship knowle
29、dge and ideas, resulting in a new entrepreneurship education actual effect is not big. Three, students innovation and entrepreneurship education training method analysis In order to develop the students innovation and entrepreneurship training, we must find out the right way and the method. (1) firs
30、t of all, we need to have a development in the right direction, and establish a complete system of education, innovation and entrepreneurship education and training variable for the modern students will learn a course, for college students for professional training. The choice of courses to meet the actual situation, the economy, law, management, entrepreneurship, marketing and other aspects of knowledge plus.
