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1、牛人整理的英文论文写作常用词汇和短语英文论文写作常用词汇和短语 这几年看文献和写论文的时候整理了一些写作常用词汇和短语，希望大家也能用得上： 差别gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies，no intergroup difference No statistically significant differences in survival were found for MMC or MPMA. Although MMC and MPMA decreased with increasing nuclear grade and TNM
2、stage, this difference failed to achieve statistical significance. 存在，出现occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present 多数，少数the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked majority, handful 方法approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools 发生率Incidence, frequency
3、, prevalence In contrast with regions of high incidence, the mutation spectrum did not show a high prevalence of mutations at A:T base pairs. 发现，阐明，报道，证实verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, sh
4、ow, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of ，screening ，isolation 改变change, alteration, 高，增加high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced 各种，多种in multiple types of neoplasia, in various
5、 types of apoptosis, in a variety of tumors 关系，相关，参与closely involved in, associated, 广泛的in an extensive survey 进行conducte， perform, carry out, 降，少，缺decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression, deficient, low, weak, faint, light, absence, absent, undetectable, lack ,defective, negative,
6、poor,impaired, greatly reduced or completely absent, frequently lost or down-expressed, presented discontinuous and weaker expression, completely negative, was not detectable or dramatically reduced, very faint, was undetectable or barely detectable, no expression was found, 角色，起作用role, part ，serve
7、antiapoptotic 1 functions 可能性feasibility 密切地intimately 难理解的，似谜的enigmatic (x remains enigmatic) 潜在假定的potential, candidate, putative, 缩写abbreviations 识别，辨别discernment 事件 Metastasis to the liver is a common event in clinical oncology. a putative tumor initiating event a (more, extremely, highly, rather
8、, fairly) common initial, a common event in the signal transduction mechanisms of, in the signal transduction processes a common event associated with the mechanisms of a common early event in responses of, after high-dose chemotherapy a common event following gestational exposure to immunotoxicants
9、 a common event during apoptosis is a common event during oncogenic transformation, in neoplastic transformation that directly or indirectly involves activation of specific tyrosine kinase signaling pathways a common event through which a common event in vivo a rather common event of unknown biologi
10、cal significance a common event resulting from heterogeneous aberrations a common event regardless of histological subtyping, but does not bear any pejorative significance a common event contributing to a rare, common, prerequisite, central, major, transient, initiation, stressful, critical, crucial
11、, secondary, independent, regulatory, early, earlier, late, later, subsequent, circumstantial, untoward, upstream, irreversible, very frequent event 提供，帮助provide, supply, help (to), contribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist in 调节dis-regulation, dys-regulation, up-regulation, up-expressio
12、n, over-expression, down-expression, down-regulation, 推测 presume,speculate ,confer, conjecture ,guess, deduce，deduction (推论) 2 无所不在地(表达，如MEN1)ubiquitously 显著,优先的prominent, pronounced, obvious, marked, predominant, strong, striking ,notable, Conspicuously, remarkably，significant, preferential, preval
13、ence, prevalent, 相关性 related, more relevant with ，the relevance of no intergroup difference，irrespective of There was no significant correlation to gender, age, clinical symptoms, histology, T or N status, TNM stage, or tumor location. Neither eNOS nor nNOS expression was associated with vascular de
14、nsity, tumor grade or the TNM status of the tumors. No correlations were found between bFGF and age, menopausal status, TNM or pTNM, histology, SBR grading or steroid receptors. we did not find any correlation between bax expression and any clinicopathologic parameters (sex, age, TNM status, tumor g
15、rade, histological type). 相同，同等并列 The coordinated induction of all three FOXO3a targets prompted us to examine the status of FOXO3a itself with a similar pattern to 协同，加强 synergize with 研究analysis, survey, study, research, investigation, experiments, trial, observations, assessment, inquiry, examina
16、tions ,pursue investigation into, analyze, detect, determinate, be focused on, measure, examine, test, assess, evaluate, explore, 一致 which is in accord with the results which corroborated the results which supported the results 优缺点merits and drawbacks，beneficial and detrimental 异常aberration, abnorma
17、lity 重要crucial, key, important, major, be of critical importance 相反 On the contrary, In contrary, but quite on the contrary 3 in sharp contrast, contrary to what would be expected Contrary to the expectation that Contrary to previous beliefs, Contrary to the hypothesis, Contrary to current popular truisms Contrary to current cognitive theories, However, contrary to expectation,. Contrary to predictions, in contrast to previous observations Contrary to prediction, Contrary to most previous claims, 与一起in combination with, coupled with 由于、鉴于 In light of In view that 4
