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1、牛津英语模块二u1u3知识点1 Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained (Module 2) 1. I heard him put on his favorite CD. I pulled back the curtains and saw a large spaceship flying outside. to do和V-ing形式都可用在某些动词后作宾语补足语。区别：V-ing形式表示动作的情景，即动作正在进行，尚未完成，不是全过程。而动词不定式强调动作发生的全过程，并且动作已完成。这类动词常用的有hear，see，notice，watch，find，observe
2、等。 I saw him coming downstairs. I saw him come downstairs. pull back 把向后拉 2. I havent seen Justin since. I havent been sleeping well since I returned home. since 自从以来；可用作副词、介词、连词，与完成时态连用。 They left town and havent been here (ever) since. (adv.) 他们离开了镇子，从那以后再也没有来过这儿。 They have been friends since chil
3、dhood. (prep.) He hasnt been home since he graduated. (conj.) 他们从幼时起一直是好朋友。 他毕业后没回过家。 我看见他在下楼。 我看见他下楼了。 since引导的时间状语从句中，谓语是延续性动词或状态动词时，意思是 “自从某动作不发生以来，或自从某状态不存在以来” 已经多长时间了。例如： It is two weeks since she was ill. 她已经病愈两周了。 My hometown has changed greatly since I lived there. 自从我不住在家乡以来，家乡已经发生了很大的变化。 h
4、ave / has + been doing是现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在。可能已经结束，也可能仍然进行着，甚至还可能继续延续下去。 I have been waiting for an hour but she still hasnt come. I have been watering in the garden. 3. The aliens took me away so that they could do research on me. do research on sth 对进行研究 so that = in order that “以便”，引导目的状语从
5、句，从句中往往有情态动词。 I stopped so that you could catch up. 我停下来以便你能赶上。 so that“所以，因此”，引导结果状语从句，从句中一般不用情态动词。 He spoke louder so that everyone heard him. It was very cold, so that the river froze. so + adj. / adv. + that，such + (a / an) + (adj.) + n. + that引导结果状语从句。 I am so tired that I can not go any farthe
6、r. He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him. 第 1 页 共 10 页 2 such + a / an + adj. + n. + that结构可以转换为so + adj. + a / an + n. + that结构。 He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him. = He made so excellent a speech that everyone admired him. 4. We will not give up until w
7、e find convincing evidence. until prep. 到为止，在以前 conj. 到为止，在以前，直到才 I slept until midnight. Wait till I call you. (prep.) (conj.) 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 等着我叫你。 她直到6点才到。 公共汽车停稳后再下车。 She didnt arrive until 6 oclock. (prep.) Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. (conj.) Not until 在句首时，主句用倒装结构。 Not until I bega
8、n to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. It is not until that 强调句型 It was not until he came back that I went to bed. 5. I must get it done today. get sth done “使；让某事被做掉”，相当于have sth done。 Ill just get these dishes washed and then Ill come. 我得把盘子洗了，然后就来。 get sb / sth doing sth 使/让某人或某物达到动作
9、之某一点 Can you really get the old computer working again? 你真的能让那台旧电脑再运行吗？ Its not hard to get the children talking; the problem is to stop them. 让孩子们谈话并不难；停止他们谈话却是个问题。 get sb / sth to do sth 使/让某人或某物以某种方式做某事或行动 You will never get him to understand. 你永远不会使他了解。 I cant get anyone to do the work. 我找不到人做这件
10、工作。 6. Yetis are said to be heavily built and hairy. Sb is said to do sth / to be doing sth / to have done sth. = It is said + that-clause 据说某人做某事 / 正在做某事 / 已经做完某事。 He is said to go to America next month. = It is said that he will go to America next month. She is said to be doing the experiment in t
11、he lab. = It is said that she is doing the experiment in the lab. He is said to have gone to America. = It is said that he has gone to America. 7. The engineers ran after the creature, which ran with amazing speed and strength. run after 跟踪，追逐，追求，追捕 The dog is running after the cat while a little bo
12、y after it. The policeman ran after the thief. 警察追捕窃贼。 8. On average, these footprints are much larger than those of a human. If Yetis really exist, we might have the chance to see one with our own eyes. those of a human = the footprints of a human，those代指footprints以免重复。 第 2 页 共 10 页 3 to see one =
13、to see a Yeti，one代指a Yeti以免重复。 代词it，one，that用法比较 代词 it one that 复数 they ones those 指人 指物 指C 指U 指代对象 前文出现的同一物 前文出现的同类人或物 前文出现的同类物 备注 泛指 特指 用it，one，that的正确形式填空： 1）This is my watch; _ is a Swiss _. 2）Where is the dog? Is _ in the other room? 3）I havent a dictionary. Can you lend me _? 4）One day well ge
14、t ourselves a new bigger house, _ with a large beautiful garden. 5）The relics (遗迹) found there were _ of an earlier time. 6）The library of our school is larger than _ of theirs. 7）The water in the well is cleaner than _ in the river. 8）The bridge is longer than _ built last year. 9）The pen I bought
15、yesterday is different from _ you sent me for my birthday. Keys: 1. it; one 2. It 3. one 4. one 5. those / the ones 6. that / the one 7. that 8. that / the one 9. the one / that 1. be full of mysteries unsolved = be filled with 充满未解之迷 2. run into 跑进，撞上，偶遇，陷入 3. step up 走近，逐步增加，提升，提高 4. show up 露出，露面
16、 5. rule out 划去，排除，取消 6. look into 窥视，浏览，观察，调查 7. make up stories 编故事 8. take charge of 负责，看管 in charge of 负责 in the charge of sb = in ones charge 由负责 9. search for 搜查，搜索，寻找 10. be disappointed with 对失望 11. so far 迄今为止，到目前为止 12. carry out 完成，实现，贯彻，执行 14. come true (梦想等) 实现 15. pick sth up 捡起，获得，无意学会
17、，接收信号，用车去接 16. take off 拿掉，脱衣，起飞，腾飞 18. protect sb/sth from (against) sth 保护以免 19. provide sb with sth 向某人提供某物； provide sth for sb 把某物提供给某人 20. take a photo of sb 拍一张某人的相片 21. be tired from / with sth 因而感到疲乏 第 3 页 共 10 页 4 be tired of 对感到厌烦 22. conduct a survey 进行调查 23. divide sth into 把分成 24. state
18、 ones opinions 陈述自己的意见 25. point out 指出 26. in an appropriate manner 以适当的方式 27. in return 作为报答 28. draw a conclusion from 由得出结论 come to / reach the conclusion that (同位语从句) 得到的结论 29. all over the world = throughout the world = across the world 世界各地 30. make ones way to a place 去某地，前往某地 Unit 2 Wish yo
19、u were here (Module 2) 1. Well, now were ready to go! Were going to visit so many exciting places and do lots of astonishing things. Well go to Africa first. I cant wait. Have you been there? ready adj. 有准备的，准备完毕的；甘心的，情愿的 The new house is ready for occupation. 新屋可以居住了。 He is always ready enough to h
20、elp us. 他随时都准备来帮助我们。 1) be ready to do sth = be likely / about to do something 可能或将要做某事 She is ready to resign. 她就要辞职了。 2) make/get ready for sth 做好准备 All of us have made ready for the 85th anniversary of the founding of our school. be going to do多用于口语中，常表示打算要做某事，或有迹象表明将要发生、可能会发生某事。 I am going to bu
21、y a new coat this winter. Look at the cloud! Its going to rain. be going to do可以用在条件状语从句中表示将来，而will不能。例如： If you are going to attend the meeting, youd better leave now. “将来”知多少？ be + 动词不定式 1）表示安排或计划好了的即将发生的动作。例如： The highway is to be opened in May. 2）用来表示征求意见，多用于第一人称疑问句中。例如： What am I to say if they
22、 ask me the question? Are we to hand in the composition after class? 3）表示命令、警告、劝告等。例如： You are to give up smoking. You are to be punished if you do that again. 4）表示可能或一定会发生某种情况。例如： 第 4 页 共 10 页 5 I am sure he is to succeed next time. be about to do表示即将发生的动作，意为“正要、正准备、马上就要”，后面一般不跟表示将来的时间状语。例如： We are
23、 about to have lunch when there is a knock at the door. 一般现在时表将来：某些不及物动词如come，go，leave，arrive，fly，return等以及be，begin，start，open，close，end，stop等，常用一般现在时表示安排或计划好的将来动作或状态，这种将来动作或状态往往是按时间表规定或事先安排好，固定不变的。 The train leaves at ten oclock in the morning. 现在进行时表示将来：表示安排或计划好要进行的动作或将开始的动作。常用的动词有go，leave，come，ar
24、rive，meet，move，return，start，do，change，join，publish等。 He is meeting the manager tomorrow. 一般现在时和现在进行时表示将来，一般现在时多表示非个人的计划，指按时间安排将要发生的事，而现在进行时一般表示说话人自己打算要干什么。 I leave tomorrow. I am leaving tomorrow. be going to do表示将来时，指事先安排好、计划好的动作。will do 表示临时决定要做的事。 Mary and Jane are going to meet tonight. Mary is
25、ill in hospital. Really? I will go to see her. 2. and well be flying to Morocco, in northern Africa. will / shall be doing是将来进行时谓语动词的构成形式，在英国英语中，第一人称用shall 第二、三人称用will。美国英语中则不管什么人称，一律用will。 将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某段时间将正在进行的动作。 表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。 This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Guangzhou. 即将或按计划在未
26、来将要发生的动作。 We shall be having a meeting in a minute. 3. We are going to travel on camels through the Sahara Desert. Well be traveling by camel. travel on camels / on a camel / by camel 4. The whole trip will take six days. take“需要、要求”常用结构： Sth takes (sb) some time. It takes sb some time to do sth. Th
27、e journey by train from Shuyang to Beijing takes about eight hours. 第 5 页 共 10 页 Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane is taking off. 骑骆驼旅行 travel by car / in a car / by train；go to school by bike / on a bike / on foot 6 乘火车从沭阳到北京大约需要8个小时。 Patience is what it takes to be a g
28、ood teacher. 耐心是做好老师所需要的素质。 5. You have to wear special clothing, just in case your raft gets turned upside down or sinks. (just) in case 以防万一；万一 It may rain; youd better take along an umbrella just in case. = Youd better take along an umbrella just in case it rains. in case of sth 如果发生；假如；万一 In cas
29、e of fire, call the number 119. in any case无论如何 in no case决不 in that case如果是那样的话 It may rain, in which case the hike will be canceled. 天或许会下雨，如果是那样的话，徒步旅行将会被取消。 6. Well live with the local people in their villages, and eat and drink whatever they do, including cows blood. live with寄宿在家， 忍受 When she
30、studied in the town, she lived with her uncle. He disliked the situation but had to live with it. 他不喜欢这种状态但必须忍受它。 whatever“凡是，无论什么，无论怎样的, 无论哪一种的”，引导名词性从句。 Whatever is left over is yours. 剩下来的所有的都是你的。 She applies whatever strength she has to the study. 她将所有的精力都用到学习上。 whatever = no matter what 引导让步状语从
31、句。 Whatever / No matter what happens, well meet here tonight. 不管发生什么事情，我们今晚都在这儿碰头。 7. Since well be walking every day for almost two weeks, Ill need to buy a large, strong, light backpack to carry my supplies of food and water. supply作U，“供应，补给”；作C，常用复数形式，“供给之物；补给品；储备” supply作vt，“补给，供给，提供，补充”。常用结构： s
32、upply sth to sb = supply sb with sth provide sth for sb = provide sb with sth furnish sth to sb / sth = furnish sb / sth with sth 向提供 equip yourself /sb / sth with sth (for sth) 装备，配备 8. and many people feel sick as the air gets thinner, so Colin and I will make sure that we will get enough rest aft
33、er sunset. feel sick 感觉不舒服 sick adj. “不舒服，有病的，恶心的，厌恶的，渴望的” be sick of sb / sth / doing sth 厌倦或腻烦某人/某事物 Im sick of the way youve treated me. 你对待我的那一套我都烦了。 fall sick / ill 患病，生病 a sick man = a patient an ill man = a bad man ill health = bad health 不健康 第 6 页 共 10 页 7 make sure of sth / make sure + that
34、 从句“弄清楚；确保”(= make certain) Will you make sure of his return? Make sure (that) no one finds out the truth 1. have an amazing adventure 进行令人惊异的探险活动 2. have been to the most exciting place 到过最令人激动的地方 3. on clear nights 在晴朗的夜晚 4. get close to 接近 5. as as possible 尽可能 as soon / fast / quickly / early as
35、 possible 尽可能快 / 早 6. up close 相当近地 7. move on to Tanzania 继续去坦桑尼亚 work on 继续工作 8. lose ones way = get lost 迷路 9. be careful about / of / with sth 小心，当心，警惕 10. as well 也，又 A as well as B = not only B but also A might/may as well do sth 不妨，还是的好 11. make a fire 生火 12. the last and most important piece
36、 of equipment 最后也是最重要的一件装备 13. a place of interest 名胜 14. interview some professors 采访一些教授 15. ahead of schedule = ahead of time 提前 16. be disappointed at / about sth 对失望 be disappointed in / with sb / sth be disappointed to do sth / that-clause 17. in total silence 完全沉默 in total 总共 18. look out for
37、 留心，期待，物色 19. at the foot of the mountain 在山脚下 20. up to ￥2,000 per person 达每人2000元 21. be tired of 对厌烦(心理上) be tired from 因而疲倦 22. live in perfect harmony with nature 与大自然十分和睦地相处 23. leave out 省去，遗漏，不考虑 cross out 画掉，删掉 24. take turns doing sth 轮流做某事 Unit 3 Amazing people (Module 2) 1. Some amazing
38、people have changed our world for the better through their thoughts and actions. change ( ) for the better/worse (使) 变得更好/差 第 7 页 共 10 页 8 The government is working hard to changed Shuyang for the better. Under the leadership of the government, Shuyang is changing for the better. change for (用) chan
39、ge sth with sb 交换，更换，替代 和某人交换； 兑换 change (from ) to / into 变化，转变 change sth for / into sth 2. By the 1920s, he had become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings. By the time we left, it was empty. by不迟于，在之前 Can you finish the work by five oclock/tomorrow/next Monday? 你能在五点钟/明天/下周
40、一以前完成这件工作吗？ Will you have finished the work by five oclock/tomorrow/next Monday? By this time next week we shall have been in New York. By the time (that) this letter reaches you, I will have left the country. By the time (that) this letter reached her, she had left the country. 在含有by所引导时间状语的句子中，主句的
41、谓语动词多用完成时态。 3. If breathed in, the viruses can result in illness or even death. If breathed in, 是条件状语从句的省略形式。 = If the viruses are breathed in, they can result in illness or even death. 在if, unless, when, while, though, even if/though, as if/though, once, as, than等连词引导的状语从句中，如果主句的主语和从句的主语相同，或从句主语为it
42、时，并且状语从句的谓语部分含有be动词的话，可以略去状语从句中的主语和谓语中的be动词，保留 “连词+V-ing/V-ed/to do/ adj/n” 的形式。 Though (she is) a beautiful girl in appearance, she is not popular among her roommates. The lecturer arrived earlier than (he had been) required. While (he was) reading the passage, he met with many new word. The old ma
43、n opened his mouth as if (he was) to speak something. If (it is) possible, I will visit Harbin in the coming winter holiday. He will not go traveling unless (he is) in good health. 4. What is certain, though, is that the mystery of Tutankhamuns tomb has never been fully explained. 但是，有一点仍然可以肯定，图坦卡蒙国
44、王陵墓之谜至今还没有人能完全解释清楚。 1）certain“无疑的，确定而不容怀疑的；不容争辩的”。 What is certain is that every effect must have a cause. 每一个结果都有一个原因，这是确定无疑的。 certain的主语可以是“人”，也可以是“物”；sure的主语是“人”。 He is certain / sure to agree. It is certain that he will agree. It is sure that he will agree. certain“确信的，有把握的，一定的” 第 8 页 共 10 页 9 be certain of / about sth = be sure of / about sth be certain to do sth = be sure to do sth be certain that 从句 = be sure that 从句 make certain of sth = make sure of sth for certain = for sure = without doubt毫无疑问地；肯定地 certain“某一；某些”，既可修饰单数名词，也可修饰复数名词； som
