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1、现代大学英语精读3第4单元知识点归纳Unit 4 to wrench yourself away from: to twist and pull yourself away (or free) from wrench vt. To pull at the feelings or emotions of挫折使感情或情绪受折磨；distress压抑; afflict使痛苦 eg.: It wrenched her to watch them go. 看着他们离开，她很难受It wrenched her to say goodbye. patchwork of farms and woodland
2、patchwork n.拼缝物, 拼缀物, 拼凑物woodland: a piece of land covered with trees森林地, 林地 In the deep woods that verged against our back fence, a network of paths led almost everywhere, and pheasants 鸟 雉, 野鸡rocketed off into the dense laurels ahead as you walked. (p.2) to verge against: to be close to; to be at
3、the edge or border of verge vi. (1) to be very close to a place；to be contiguous 邻近, 接近eg.: streets verging on the slum area 贫民区周围的街道 (2) To approach the nature or condition of something specified; come close. Used with on: 接近，逼近接近具体指定的某物的性质或情况；走近。与 on连用： verge on upon接近, 濒于 eg.: Such a remark verge
4、s on impertinence. 简直是唐突无礼。a brilliance verging on genius.近乎天才的才智 J Notice how the preposition against is used to mean next to, touching or hitting the surface of (课本p.98-6) e. g. A heavy rain was pattering against the windows. He stood his stick against the wall. . . . and pheasants rocketed off: .
5、 . . and pheasants went off like rockets. rocket v.intr. (1)to move swiftly and powerfully, as a rocket. 像火箭般迅速而有力地运动 (2) To soar or rise rapidly:迅速上升或猛涨 The book rocketed to the top of the bestseller list.这本书一下子就跃居畅销书榜首 Compare: J Factories mushroomed. (They grew like mushroom. ) J He tried to worm
6、 into that organization. ( He tried to get into that organization like a worm. ) J It could snowball into a serious conflict. (It could gradually develop into a serious conflict like a snowball. ) snowball vi. to grow rapidly in significance, importance, or size: 滚雪球般地增长, eg.: problems that snowball
7、ed by the hour.问题按小时计算滚雪球般地增长 J He was wolfing it down as if he had not eaten for days. (He was eating it very quickly like a wolf. ) I spent most of my time roaming the woods and fields alone, playing Robin Hood (p.3) J to roam the woods (fields, streets, hills etc): roam the streets 街头漫步 roam the
8、clouds 云中漫步 roam about/roam around. Eg.: The visitors roamed around the town /city. Keeping to myself was my way of not forming attachments that I would only have to abandon the next time we moved. But one day I became attached through no design of my own. (p.3): J to keep to oneself: (!) to live a
9、very quiet and private life and not do many things involving other people. 不与人交往: eg.: She kept to herself in the ship and would speak to no one. (2) keep sth. secret 对守口如瓶eg.: He kept his conclusions to himself. 他对他的结论守口如瓶。 through no design of my own. (p.3):not that I intended to do it; not that I
10、 planned it that way; just by chance I started hiking there ., up a long, sloping hill to an almost impenetrable stand of trees called Bear Wood. J impenetrable adj. (1) impossible to penetrate or enter:不能穿过或进入的： eg.: an impenetrable fortress. (2) Impossible to understand; incomprehensible:不能理解的,令人费
11、解的eg.: impenetrable jargon.行话 (3)无动于衷的不为感情或争论所动的eg an impenetrable heart.不能打动的心 J penetrable adj.可渗透的，可穿透的penetrable defenses可突破的防御; a penetrable wall. 可洞穿的墙 J penetrate v.tr. (1) to enter or force a way into; pierce. 穿过，刺入，穿透进入或迫使进入；刺入 (2) to enter into and permeate: 渗入进入或渗透 eg.: The insistent rhyt
12、hm of piano practice penetrated each room of the house.钢琴的持续韵律回荡在整幢房子的每个房间 J stand:高大植物或树的群丛eg.: a stand of pine. 一群松树 the twitter鸟鸣声and rustle沙沙声, 飒飒声: onomatopoeia 象声词, 1 e. g. the twitter of birds; the rustle of leaves; the hiss of the snake; the gurgle (流水的)汩汩声, 欢乐的(咯咯声)of the water; the crackin
13、g of the fire; the banging of the door; the fluttering摆动, 鼓翼of the flag; the rumbling隆隆声, 辘辘声of the waves; the tick-tock滴答声of the clock etc. J run into v.跑进, 撞上run against, 偶遇, 陷入, 达到 She caught her breathThen, recovering quickly, she gave a welcoming smile that instantly put me at ease. J catch one
14、s breath v.喘息, 屏息 = hold ones breathJ to put sb at ease: to make sb feel relaxed at ease: 安逸,自由自在J ill at ease adj.不安的J stand at ease 军(口令)稍息 eg.: He always feels ill at ease in front of strangers. The professor must be quite popular. The students all look at ease in his presence. others: to make sb
15、 at ease; to set sb at ease A pair of powerful-looking binoculars dangled from her neck. (p.6) J powerful: 高倍的binoculars telescope looking-glass (ocular adj.眼睛的, 视觉的 n.目镜, 眼睛)ocular demonstration 直观演示 an ocular witness 目击者, 见证人 dangle- hang or swing loosely eg: 1) She had big earrings dangling from
16、her ear. 2) A loose electric wire was dangling from the wall. Yes, theyre wary, she said. But then, gamekeepers have been shooting them ever since they got here. Theyre introduced, you know, not native. (p.11) J wary: careful, cautious, watchful, suspicious, alert J gamekeeper猎物看守人，猎场看守人: Notice the
17、 use of the word game猎物 J to be introduced: to be brought into this place from somewhere else for the first time trespass vi. to go onto someones private land without their permission 非法侵入；侵扰，打扰 eg.: The farmer said we were trespassing.这个农民说我们未经许可进入了他的土地。 I wont trespass upon your time any longer.我不
18、再打扰你了。 Would you care to join me? This is considered polite but formal, and is used to ask if sb wants to do sth. I had been warned against going off with strangers (p.14) J to warn that/to warn sb not to do sth/to warn sb against sth J go off: (1)leave, depart 离开 (2) explode爆炸；响ring eg.: The signal
19、 pistol went off with a bang. 信号枪砰的一声响了。 . .extending her fine hand. (p.15): . . . offering to shake hands with the boy J Fine here means small and attractively shaped, looking rather delicate纤细. extend- to give or offer (help, friendship, etc) to sb. eg.: 1) I would like to extend my warm welcome t
20、o all of you. 2) I would like to extend a warm welcome to our visitors We set off. He passed away last year, she said, looking suddenly wistful, to walk the fields. (p.17) J set off: (1) 出发，启程 (= set out；set forth) eg.: The children set off for school.。 (2) explode使爆炸，引起爆炸 eg.: As a traditional way
21、to celebrate the new year, setting off firecrackers is justifiably welcomed by most Chinese people. 燃放鞭炮,作为一种传统的庆贺新年活动,理所当然地受到大多数中国人民的欢迎。 wistful- sad and thinking about sth that is impossible or past eg: She cast a wistful glance at her friends invitation and wished she had been invited to the part
22、y. J pass away: die; pass away; depart; go aloft; go off; go out of this world; go to the better world J Notice that the word walk is usually used as an intransitive verb except in some idiomatic expressions. To walk the fields is one of them, which means to go over or along on foot. Other common ex
23、pressions in which walk is used as a transitive verb: When people walk their dog, I wonder whether they ever realize that the dog will be much happier completely free in nature than just being allowed a little walk every day. 2 There is no more bus at this hour. Lets walk it. / Its dark outside. Ill
24、 walk you home. glass-fronted cases containing figures of ivory and carved stone a dozen or so stuffed birds(p.18) front vt. 装饰的面 a glass-fronted door 装有玻璃的门 a building fronted with marble 以大理石饰面的建筑物 stuff vt. To fill (an animal skin) to restore its natural form for mounting or display; to make it a
25、 sample剥制往塞东西使之恢复原来形状，用于演出或展览eg.: a stuffed deer I had made glow: blaze, burn, flare, flicker, gleam, glimmer, quiver, shine, flash, glitter, beam, spark, twinkle . and my well of knowledge about natural history began to brim over. At school, I earned the nickname Prof .even the school bully brought
26、 me a died bird . to identify.(p.24): brim over Eg.: a handcart brimming over with cotton 满载新棉的手推车 brim over with high spirits 兴高采烈 sb. is brimming over with sth. (love, confidence, knowledge etc) Eg: a pond brimming with water积满水的池塘 At the wedding the bride and bridegroom were brimming over with ha
27、ppiness./ She was brimming over with confidence before the speech contest./ He was brimming with ideas and excitement.他主意层出不穷。 J Two other expressions are similar in meaning: to overflow with / to burst with 显示富足; 几乎装不下, 充满 earn- (1) to receive a certain amount of money for the work you do eg:How mu
28、ch do you earn, if you dont mind me asking? /You cant expect to earn a living (=be paid enough money to live on) from your painting. (2) to get sth you deserve eg: This economist has earned great respect for his expertise. / Its been a tough six months and I feel Ive earned a few weeks off. bully- (
29、n.)a rough and threatening man, esp one paid by someone to hurt or frighten other people (v.) to hurt or frighten other people often forcing them to do sth they do not want to do eg:1) Our survey indicates that one in four children is bullied at school. 2) Dont let anyone bully you into doing someth
30、ing you dont want to do. identify- to recognize and correctly name someone or sth, or to discover the nature and origin of the thing eg: The two witnesses who saw the shootings were able to identify who had fired first. identity-(n.) eg: The mans identity was being kept secret while he was helping t
31、he police with information about the murder. identification- official papers or cards that can show who you are eg: Do you have any identifications? Passport? Drivers license? identical- exactly the same blissfully- in a happy and enjoyable way eg: They were blissfully happy together. munch- to eat
32、noisily and without trying to be quiet eg:1) He was munching an apple. /We watched her munch through two packets of peanuts. (p.25) I didnt notice thatshe was less inclined to laugh. Familiarity sometimes makes people physically invisible, for you find yourself talking to the heart-to the essence, a
33、s it were rather than to the face. I suspect,(p.26): incline-to think that a particular belief or opinion is most likely to be right eg:1) Most people incline to the belief that globalization is a good thing to have. 2) She is easily taken in. She inclines to take everything people say at face value
34、. to be inclined to do sth- tending to eg: Young people are often inclined to think that old people are stupid. to be musically ( artistically, linguistically, mathematically) inclined- to be naturally interested in or good at music ( art, language, mathematics) essence: the most important quality o
35、f sth; the thing that makes sth what it is in essence 本质上; 大体上 of the essence 绝对需要的, 不可缺少的, 极重要的 eg.: Time is of the essence. 时间是至关重要的。 as it were 宛如, 好像 eg: She seemed very relaxed-in her natural setting as it were.她似乎十分悠然自得-可以说是有自己随遇而安的天地 suspect-(1) to think that sth is probably true or likely, e
36、sp sth bad eg: We had no reason to suspect that he might try to kill himself./ We suspect that they have some secret dealings between them. 3 (2) to think that someone is probably guilty ( to suspect someone of sth or doing sth) eg:1) No one knows who killed her, but the police suspect her husband.
37、2) The police suspect him of carrying out two bomb attacks. (3) to doubt the truth of sth eg:1) I have no reason to suspect her honesty/loyalty. /We suspected his motives in making his offer. suspect-(n.) someone who is thought to be guilty of a crime eg: They arrested five suspects. But they still
38、lacked conclusive evidence. I eyed it as I went to the refrigerator. (p.28) J to eye sth/sb: to observe or watch narrowly勉强地, 精细地, often in suspicion, jealousy, or in longing. Eg.: The policeman eyed me in suspicion. I think he thought I was drunk. He eyed me up and down, not knowing whether he shou
39、ld believe my story. L as: during the time when; while 一面一面 My mother was regarding me with a strange gentleness. regard- (1) to look at attentively; to observe closely eg:1) She sat there regarding him thoughtfully./ They all regarded her with great curiosity. (2) to consider or look upon in a part
40、icular way eg: Huangdi is regarded as the progenitor (始祖) of the Chinese people. (3) to have great affection or admiration for eg: She is highly regarded in the academic circles. regard (n.) to give (send) ones regards to sb eg: Please give my best regards to all my friends there. I really miss them
41、. in this regard- in this respect, in this matter with regard to- regarding; about; concerning as regards- as for regardless of- without paying attention to; in spite of the differences in (These phrases are all formal) tears singing my eyes (p.31) J sting vt. (1)叮，螫 eg.: I once was stung by a bee.
42、(2)刺痛eg.: Though smoke is soft, sometimes, it can sting our eyes 烟刺痛了我们的眼睛 burst into(p.34), out of, through sth- move suddenly and forcibly in the specified direction; appear suddenly from somewhere eg:1) An angry crowd burst through the lines of police and into the street. 愤怒的人群突破了警方的封锁线走到街上2) The
43、 sun burst through the clouds. 太阳突然从云端里露出来 thanks to her help (p.35): thanks to: because of- Notice that this is sometimes used ironically: e.g: Now thanks to the rain, well have to put off our match. She failed again, all thanks to you! Thanks to his brilliant leadership, our company is now bankrup
44、t. in time (p.36) : (1)early, or soon enough 及时，不迟 eg.: Do you think we shall be in time for the train. Dont forget to come in time for dinner. (2) 经过一段时间以后；最终，迟早 eg.: In time youll learn everything. 总有一天你一切都会明白的。 In time hell see he was wrong./ Dont worry. In time shell forget what has happened tod
45、ay. odds and ends(p.36)-small articles; bits and pieces of various sorts without much value eg: Hes moved most of his stuff; there are just a few odds and ends left. Pandoras Box: A thing or problem that, if activated, will give rise to many unmanageable problems. 一件事或一个问题，如果被激活的话，会变成许多无法控制的问题；祸患之源e
46、g.: The Senate investigation turned out to be a Pandoras box for the administration.参议院的调查没有想到给*带来了数不清的麻烦。 set to (1)劲头十足地开始做某事，认真地开始做，使劲干eg.: The engineers set to and repaired the bridge./ She set to and finished cleaning the house within an hour. (2)开始争吵；开始打斗 eg.: One man called the other a liar a
47、nd they set to. set about (1) 着手做某事 eg.: Come and set about your work: weve wasted enough time. (2) 攻击，揍 eg.: In a very forceful speech he set about his critics. The gang set about him and injured him badly. 4 set forth 举出，提出，列出 eg.: In his preface the author set forth his reasons for writing the bo
48、ok. He set forth his views with clearness and force. 动身，启程 eg.: We shall set forth from London next week. / We set forth on our hike immediately. set out 动身，出发 eg.: We now set out to climb the hill. / They set out as the sun was rising. 打算，开始，着手，准备eg.: He set out to write a history of civilization. 列举，详述 eg.: They set out all their reasons. / The details are clearly set out in an appendix. 摆好，摆设，布置，写出来eg.: Michael s
