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1、中考语法精讲被动语态,我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？,苹果被,苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。,英语中有两种语态：主动语态（Active Voice）被动语态（Passive Voice）。,一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态,Many people speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,主动语态,主动语态表示主语是动作的 执行者。,句子主语many people是动作speak的执行者，即主语是是谓语动词所表示动作的执行者。,两种语态,English is spoken by many people.,主语,谓语,宾语,被动语态,主语Engli
2、sh是谓语动词speak所表示的动作的承受者。,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。,People grow tea in Hangzhou.People dont play football here.The truck was cleaned yesterday.Mr Chen teaches us English.The classroom was cleaned.6.The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876.,active,active,passive,passive,active,passive,判断下列句子是哪种语态,被动语态由助动词be+过
3、去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。二、被动语态的基本构成：be+动词的过去分词（be+done)be随着人称，时态和数的变化而变化,1）.一般现在时am/is/are+done,We clean the classroom every day.The classroom is cleaned by us every day.,He put on a coat.A coat was put on by him.,2）.一般过去时was/were+done,He made the kite.The kite was made by him.,3）.一般将来时 shall/will/be going
4、 to+be done,They will plant trees tomorrow.Trees will be planted by them tomorrowHe is going to write a letter to his mother.A letter is going to be written to his mother by him.,4）.现在完成时has/have+been done,Jim has finished the work.The work has been finished by Jim.,5）.含有情态动词的被动语态,can/may/must/shoul
5、d+be done,I can find him.He can be found by me.,三、被动语态的用法,1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。,The window was broken last night.Rice is grown in the south of China.Many trees should be planted every year.每年都应该种更多的树。,2.强调或突出动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。,世界上越来越多的人说汉语。Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.,3.动作不是由人发出的
6、。,许多房屋被冲走了。Many houses were washed away by the flood.,四、主动语态变被动语态的方法,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,English is spoken by us.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾变主,主变宾,前加by,主动语态,被动语态,1.Tom broke the window.The window was broken by Tom.,2.He broke the windows.The windows were broken by him.,Be要随着主语变,逻辑主语by来引,主动语态变被动语态的方法,（主语）（宾语）
7、主动语态：动作的执行者+谓语动词的主动形式+动作的承受者被动语态：动作的承受者+谓语动词的被动形式+动作的执行者（主语）（宾语）,说明：（1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。（2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导。（3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。,Summary：,什么时候用主动语态或被动语态？主动语态和被动语态的动词结构是怎样的？3.主动语态句子变成被动语态句子哪三个部分要变？怎么变？,各种时态的被动语态构成,一般现在时：一般过去时：情态动词：一般将来时：现在完成时：,S+am/is/are+doneS+was
8、/were+doneS+can/may/must/should+be+doneS+will+be+doneS+have/has+been+done,Exercise：,1.The key _for locking the classroom door.A.uses B.is used C.is using D.use2.A new school _over there two years ago.A.built B.was built C.build D.builds3.The lost child _ on October 7,1998.A.was found B.is found C.fo
9、und D.find4.A talk on Chinese history_in the school hall yesterday.A.is given B.give C.was given D.gave,B,B,A,C,5.Hangzhou_as the City of Silk.Tourists like shopping for silk there.A.knows B.is known C.was konwn D.will be known6.Emily is glad that she_for her honesty at that meeting.A.prasises B.pra
10、ised C.is praised D.was praised7.Everybody_deeply after they heard the story.A.moves B.moved C.is moved D.was moved8.The pet dog is warm and loving.It_as a daughter of my family.A.treats B.treated C.is treated D.was treated,9.Annie_to the party.She had a wonderful time with us.A.invites B.is invited
11、 C.was invented D.has invented10.The mobile phone_in 1973.A.invents B.is invented C.invented D.was invented 11.The musuem_next month to celebrate the Science and Technology Festival.A.is decorated B.will decorate C.is decorating D.will be decorated,12.Look at the picture.The top five TV plays_in it.
12、A.list B.are listed C.will list D.will be listed,课堂练习（一）改写句子1.We plant trees in spring every year._ by us in spring every year.2.She posted the letter yesterday._ by her yesterday.3.Mr Turner gave me a birthday present._a birthday present by Mr Turner.5.You may hand in your homework tomorrow._ by yo
13、u tomorrow.6.She is going to write a letter._ by her.,Trees are planted,The letter was posted,I was given,Your homework may be handed in,A letter is going to be written,1.If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept；will have toB are not kept；have C do no
14、t keep；will have to D do not keep；have to 2.The fifth generation computers,_and perfected now.A.developed B.have developed C.are being developed D.will have been developed3.-_ the sports meet might be put off-Yes，it all depends on the weather A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told,A,C,A,4.I n
15、eed one more stamp before my collection _.A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed 5.Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A.cut B.are cut C.are being cut D.had been cut 6.The new bridge _ by the end of last month.A
16、.has been designed B.had been designed C.was designed D.would be designed7.When part of a pencil is in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks B.has broken C.was broken D.had been broken,D,C,B,C,8.Great changes _ in the city,and a lot of factories _.A.have been taken place;have been set up B.h
17、ave taken place;have been set upC.have taken place;have set up D.were taken place;were set up9.That suit _ over 60 dollars.A.had costed B.costed C.is costed D.cost10.-Look!Everything here is under construction.-Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A.is being built B.has been built C.is built D.is
18、 building 11.-Do you like the cloth?-Yes,it _ very soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt,B,D,A,C,12.It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese A write B to write C to be written D written 13.I have no more letters _，thank you A to type B typing C to be typed D typed14.Take care!Dont drop the ink
19、 on your shirt,for it _ easily.A.wont wash out B.wont be washed out C.isnt washed out D.isnt washing out15.Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.A.be put up B.give in C.be turned on D.go out,B,C,A,D,16.The computers on the table _ Professor Smith.A.belongs B.a
20、re belonged to C.belongs to D.belong to17.-What do you think of the book?-Oh,excellent.Its worth _ a second time.A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read18.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch 19.This page needed _ again.A.being checked B.checked C.to check D.to be checked 20._ many times,the boy still didnt know how to do it.A.Having taught B.Having been taught C.taught D.Teaching,D,C,C,D,B,
