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1、Chapter ThreeWarehousing Management,Text 5 Warehousing ManagementText 6 Design Considerations in WarehousingSupplementary Reading:Cross docking,Learning objective,To understand the concept of warehousingTo identify the various types of warehousing To examine the trade-offs in warehousing design To g
2、et familiar with the concept of cross-docking,Key Terms 关键词汇,warehousing 仓储warehouse 仓库private Warehouse 私人仓库public warehouse 公共仓库contract warehouse 合同仓库 distribution center 配送中心,General Introduction of Warehousing,What is warehousing?Warehousing has been defined as the part of logistics systems tha
3、t store products(raw materials,parts,goods-in-process,finished goods)at and between points of origin to points of consumptionWarehousing can be provided by either warehouses or distribution centers,Warehouses emphasize the storage of product primary purpose is to maximize usage of available storage
4、spacedistribution centers emphasize the rapid movement of products through a facilityMaim purpose is to maximize throughput,Types of Warehouses,Private warehouseThis type of warehouses are owned or occupied on a long-term lease by the firm using them.What are the advantages and disadvantages of priv
5、ate warehouse?Advantages:Private warehouses provide more control since the enterprises has absolute decision-making authorityThe control facilitates the ability to integrate warehouse operations with the rest of the firms internal logistics process.,Disadvantages:,high fixed cost of private storage
6、the necessity of having high and steady demand volumesWhat kind of companies usually own their private warehouses?,Answer:,The largest users of private warehousing are retail chain stores,they handle large volumes of products on a regular basis.Manufacturing firms also utilize private warehousing.,P
7、ublic warehouse,The public warehouse is space that can be leased to solve short-term distribution needs.Why more and more companies are using public warehouse service nowadays?Because public warehouse has certain advantages:it require no capital investment on the users part,therefore more flexibilit
8、y provide additional storage space to private warehouses owner if their facilities have reached capacity limitprovide a number of value-added services,Contract warehousing,another warehousing alternative-contract warehousing(also referred to as third-party warehousing)Contract warehousing is a long
9、term,mutually beneficial arrangement which provides unique and specially tailored warehousing and logistics services for one customerContract warehousing is becoming a preferred choice for many organizations,why?,Answer:,it allow a company to focus on its core competenciestends to be more cost-effec
10、tive than private warehousing with almost the same degree of control,Distribution Center,There are some warehouses where product storage is considered a very temporary activity.These warehouses serve as points in the distribution system at which products are received from many suppliers and quickly
11、shipped out to many customers In some cases,such as with distribution centers handling perishable food,Notes:,1.Warehousing can be provided by either warehouses or distribution centers.Warehouse emphasizes the storage of product and their primary purpose is to maximize usage of available storage spa
12、ce.仓储可以由仓库或配送中心提供。仓库强调产品的存储，其主要目标是存储空间的最大化使用。2.But private warehousing also characterized by some drawbacks,including high fixed cost of private storage and the necessity of having high and steady demand volumes.但私人仓库也有一些缺点，包括私人仓储的固定成本高，并只有在需求量高且稳定的情况下才有利可图。,3.Public warehouses may also provide a nu
13、mber of specialize services that arent available from other sources,such as value-added services as repackaging larger shipments into retail-size package,product assembly and produce testing.公共仓库可能提供许多其他地方不能提供的专业服务，比如提供将较大宗货物重新进行零售包装，产品组装和产品测试等增值服务。4.Contract warehousing is a long term,mutually bene
14、ficial arrangement which the operators of warehouse facility provide unique and specially tailored warehousing and logistics services for one customer.合同仓储是一个长期的双方互惠协定，仓储设施的经营人对其客户提供独特的，专门的仓储和物流服务。,5.Contract warehousing also tends to be more cost-effective than private warehousing with almost the s
15、ame degree of control,because key specifications can be included in the contract.合同仓储往往还比私人仓储更经济，却能达到和私人仓储相近的控制度，因为企业的重要要求都可以在合同中详细列明。,Topic for Discussion:,1.The text mentions that private warehousing is characterized by some drawbacks,including high fixed cost of private storage and the necessity
16、of having high and steady demand volumes.Why private warehousing generally generate high fixed cost?2.What make a distribution center different from a warehouse?,Text 6 Design Considerations in Warehousing,Key Termswarehousing design 仓储设计warehouse layout 仓库布局fixed slot location system 固定货位系统 variabl
17、e slot location system 流动货位系统labor-intensive 劳动力密集的 mechanization 机械化automation 自动化,General Considerations of Warehousing Design,General considerations include:the quantity and character of goods to be handled must be known the frequency with which it is picked and whether it is fast or slow moving
18、comparing to other items also need to be consideredthe purpose to be served by the facility also need to be considered(emphasizes on the storage function or distribution function).Why?,Answer:,A storage facility with low rate of product turnover should be laid out in a way that maximize the utilizat
19、ion of the capacity of the storage facility.A distribution-oriented facility attempts to maximize throughput rather than storage.,Trade-offs,Trade-offs must be made among space,labor,and mechanization with respect to warehousing design.Fixed versus variable slot locations With fix slot location,each
20、 SKU has permanent slots assigned to it-Pro and cons?stability,low space utilizationVariable slot location involves empty slots being assigned to incoming products based on space availability-Pros and cons?High space utilization,high requirement for IT,Built out(horizontal)vs build up(vertical),Whic
21、h way is cheaper?A general rule of thumb is that its cheaper to build up than build out,particularly in certain location where land is expensiveHowever,a higher warehouse needs special equipment such as high-stacking truck,which generally cost more than the conventional equipment,Labor-intensive vs
22、Mechanization vs Automation,Note:True Automation refer to an absence of human intervention,such as AGVs(automatic guided vehicles)Which way is more economical?mostly depends on the volume of goods,Space devoted to aisles vs space devoted to storage.,As aisles space increases,storage capacity decreas
23、esWider aisles make it easier to operate mechanical equipment,and reduce the chances of accidents but they increase travel distances,Narrower aisles can increase the space utilization of a facility but often require special equipments,such as a narrow-aisle lift truck to do so,Picker-to-part vs part
24、-to-picker,In picker-to-part system,an order picker gets to where a part is located,with forklift or other vehicle.In part-to-picker systems,the parts are brought to the picker with carousels or conveyor.The two systems involves trade-offs between human and mechanized travel time.,Notes:,1.One commo
25、n-sense piece of advice is that prior to designing a warehouse,the quantity and character of goods to be handled must be known.一个常识性的建议就是在进行仓库的设计之前应该对此仓库将要处理的货物的性质和数量有所认识。2.A storage facility with low rate of product turnover should be laid out in a way that maximize the utilization of the capacity
26、of the storage facility.一个货物周转率低的储存设施在布局上应该做到最大化地利用它的存储容积。,3.With fix slot location system,each SKU has permanent slots assigned to it,so the pickers always know where a certain SKU is located.固定货位系统给每个库存单位货物分派一个固定的货位，因此拣货员总能知道某个库存单位的位置。4.Since automation is a very high fixed-cost option,sufficient
27、volume is needed to make it cost-effective.One expert suggests that this option become economical only when a facility handles at least 50 000 cartons per day.因为自动化是一种固定成本非常高的方案，只有在货物数量充足的情况下这种方案才是划算的，一位专家建议，只有当每天处理的货物量达到至少50 000箱的时候，自动化才能具有成本效益。,5.Narrower aisles can increase the space utilization
28、of a facility but often require special equipments,such as a narrow-aisle lift truck to do so.更狭窄的走道能够提高设施的空间利用率，但是往往需要特别的设备的辅助，比如窄巷道叉车。,Exercises:Please translate the following English sentences into Chinese,1.In contrast,distribution centers emphasize the rapid movement of products through a facil
29、ity,and thus attempt to maximize throughput.2.But more recently,contract warehousing(also referred to as third-party warehousing)has emerged as another warehousing alternative.,3.Although it can achieve more efficient space utilization,it requires advanced information system to keep track with the p
30、roduct locations.4.True Automation refer to an absence of human intervention,such as AGVs(automatic guided vehicles),while mechanization refers to equipment that complete,rather than replace manual work.,Debate Propositions:,As mentioned in Text 6,mechanization and automation represent the high level of warehousing development.So the warehouses in China should also try to use less labor and more machines.,
