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1、The Past Participle as the Attribute,过去分词作定语，在语态上表被动；在时间上表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。,1.过去分词作定语的含义,a.及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意义,a broken cupa wounded soldier,a cup which is broken,a soldier who was wounded,a grown womana retired officer,a woman who has grown,a officer who has retired,b.不及物动词的过去分词，具有
2、主动和完成意义。,B:Yes.And we had canned fish,smoked sausages,cakes made by our teacher and fresh apples picked from the orchard.We also played a lot of games there.B:Indeed,to our delight,we helped a lost boy to find his mother.,单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；,过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。,单个过去分词,过去分词短语,2.过去分词作定语
3、位置,已升起的太阳,有组织的旅行,a risen sun,an organized trip,单个过去分词和形容词修饰 something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody等不定代词时,也要放在这些词后面。,nothing reportedsomething importantsomething else,过去分词作定语的作用相当于定语从句，二者可以转换。,a letter written in pencil the book borrowed by Jack,=a letter which was written in pencil,=t
4、he book which was borrowed by Jack,3.过去分词作定语和定语从句的转换,4.形容词性化过去分词作定语,常见的有：amazed,embarrassed,disappointed,excited,encouraged,bored,interested,tired,worried,surprised,satisfied,pleased,moved,frightened等。,The _ children were opening their presents.,A.excited B.exciting C.excite D.excites,excited,过去分词与现
5、在分词作定语,1.语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动。,an inspiring speech,the inspired audience,鼓舞人心的演说,受到鼓舞的观众,the falling leaves,落叶（正往下落的）,落叶（已经落到地面的）,the fallen leaves,2.时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示“动作正在进行”或“与谓语同时进行”或“经常性”。过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作“先于位于动词表示的动作”或“没有一定的时间性”,Do you know the boy _(lie)under the big tree?He is a leader
6、_(respect)by the people.,lying,respected,3.及物动词的过去分词与现在分词的被动式都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.,the problem discussed yesterdaythe problem being discussed,已经发生，完成,正在发生,Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.(2011江苏)A.
7、compared B.comparing C.compares D.being compared 解析：compare的动作是survey发出的，现在分词短语做后置定语。,高考解析,The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself.(2011湖南)A.expressing B.expressed C.to express D.to be expressed解析：本句意思是：表达观点的能力和这个观点本身一样重要。the ability to do sth.“做某事的能力”，固定短语，故此处用动词不定式作后置定语。,Tsinghua
8、University,_ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.(2011福建)A.found B.founding C.founded D.to be founded解析：句中的主语Tsinghua University与found构成逻辑上的被动关系，可选C、D；再根据时间1911年可知found动作已经完成，故用过去分词。此句中过去分词短语作后置定语。,1.The players _ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.(湖南 2011)A.selecting B.to select C.selected D.having selected 2.Mrs.White showed her students some old maps _ from the library.（2010 课标全国卷）A.to borrow B.to be borrowed C.borrowed D.borrowing,
