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1、,第八讲被动语态的译法,被动语态在英语里是一种语言里是一种常见的语法现象。在某些文体中,使用被动句几乎成了一种表达习惯(passive habit)。SBaker在“The Practical stylist”一书中指出our massed.scientific.and bureaucraticsociety is so addicted to the passive voice thatyou must constantly alert yourself against itsdrowsy,impersonal pomp.”被动句促成了物称倾向,物称倾向也滋长了被动句,英语常用被动句,主要原
2、因如下:一、施事的原因。人们表达思想的时候,通常使用主动句。但当主动句的施事(agent)由于以下的原因而不需要或不可能指明时,英语往往采用被动句;1.施事未知而难以言明,如&o The murderer was caught yesterday,and it issaid that he will be hanged凶手已于胙天被捕,据说他将会被绞死,2施事从上下文可以不言自明。如.&.She told me that her master had dismissed herNo reason had been assigned:no objection hadbeen made to he
3、r conduct.She had beenforbidden to appeal to her mistress她告诉我,她的男主人已解雇了她。男主人没有讲明任何理由,对她的行为没有任何异议,也不许她向女主人申诉,二、句法的要求。英语重形合,注重句法结构和表达形式。当主动式不便于表达时,出于造句的需要火修辞的考虑,往往采用被动句式1.为了使句子承上启下、前后连贯、便于衔接,如:.Some kinds of plastics can be forced throughmachines which separate them into long,thin strings,calledfibers and these fibers can be made into cloth有几种塑料可以压入机器并分离成细长的纤维,这种纤维可以用来织布。,
