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1、我们可以打个比方：,一个句子单从形式上来说，可以看成已经完工的建筑。,建成后的房子的构成部件有：门、窗、天花板、地板、墙等；,对应在句子里就组成部件就是：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状,语、补语、表语这些句子成分。,而具体房屋的组成部分如墙，天花板，地板，窗户，门等都是,由一定的材质如混凝土，钢筋，玻璃，铝合金等构成；,对应在句子里就是句子成分是由一个个具体的不同词性的词、,短语或从句构成。,简单来说，句子由不同的句子成分组成，而不同的成分又由具,体的不同的词、短语或句子构成。,定义,：构成句子的各个部分的名称叫做,句子成分,。,句子成分有,主要成分,和,次要成分。,主要成分,:,主语、谓语、宾语
2、、补语,(,宾补和主补,),、表语。,次要成分,:,定语、状语、同位语。,极端情况下，一个词也可以是个句子，如,Go,！,I,met,my best,friend,Tom,at the station,yesterday,.,定,主,谓,宾,同,地,时,语,语,语,语,位,点,间,语,状,状,语,语,主语（,subject,）,表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于,名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。,（名词）,1.,Jane,is good at playing the piano.,（代词）,2.,She,went out in a hurry.,（数词）,3.,Four
3、,plus four is eight.,（动词不定式）,4.,To see,is to believe.,（动名词）,5.,Smoking,is bad for health.,6.,The young,should respect the old.,（,the+,形容词）,（句子）,7.,What he has said,is true.,找出句中主语,1.The sun rises in the east.,2.Twenty years is a short time in history.,3.The poor are now living in the shelter.,4.Seei
4、ng is believing.,5.To see is to believe.,6.He likes dancing.,7.What he needs is a book.,谓语（,predicate,）,说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充,当，位于主语之后。,1.I,saw,the flag on the top of the hill.,2.He,looked after,two orphans.,3.It,becomes,warmer.,复合谓语,由,情态动词或助动词,+,动词,;,1.He,can speak,English well.,2.She,doesnt s
5、eem,to like dancing.,找出句中谓语,1.We love China.,2.We have finished reading this book.,3.He can speak English.,4.She seems tired.,(,三,),宾语,句子动作所涉及的人或事物,;,宾语承载了谓语所支配的人、物、,事的信息。,1.Show your,passport,please.,2.She didnt visit,him,.,（名词,）,(,代词）,3.How many do you want?-,I want,two,.,(,数词,),4.They sent,the in
6、jured,to hospital.,5.They asked,to leave,.,6.I enjoy,working,with you.,7.I dont know,what he said,.,(the+,形容词,),（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,?,宾语分为,直接宾语,和,间接宾语。,直接宾语,指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物。,?,He gave,me,some books,.,间接,直接,宾语,宾语,Please pass,me,the book,.,He bought,his friend,some flowers,.,找出句中的宾语,1.We often help him.,2
7、.He likes to play basketball.,3.We enjoy listening to the music.,4.She said that he felt sick.,5.The story is about Mo Yan.,（四）,表,语,(,副词,),表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、代词、,副词、不定式、动名词，介词短语或句子充当，位于,连系动词,之后。,1.,The war,was,over.,2.,They,seem,to know the truth,.,(,不定式,),3.,Time,is,precious,.,4.,I,m,not,qu
8、ite myself,today.,(,形容词,),(,代词,),(,名词,),(,介词短语,),(,动名词,),5.,That,remains,a puzzle,.,6.,I dont,feel,at ease,.,7.,Her job,is,selling computers,.,8.,That,is,what he said,.,(,句子,),找出下列句中的表语,1.I am a teacher.,2.They are on the playground.,3.My job is teaching English.,4.It gets cold.,5.It sounds interesting.,常见的系动词有,be,动词,还有,get,become,turn,grow,等表,“变得”的词,和感观动词,sound,look,smell,等。,
