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1、本科毕业设计（论文） 外文参考文献译文及原文学 院 土木与交通工程工程学院 专 业 工程管理 年级班级 2008级(2)班 学 号 3108003465 姓 名 高庆源 指导教师 冯为民 2012年6月目 录外文文献原文1 1、project cost management1 2、the status of construction cost management1 3、Engineering cost management and cost management union2 4、The decision-making phase of the project cost management
2、3 5、In the stage of construction project implementation units in engineering cost management4 5.1、Bidding construction unit bidding system4 5.2 Construction stage 4 5.2.1 Building plan5 5.2.2 Strictly to change project budget control in the estimate5 5.2.3 Project site visa formalities5 5.2.4 The de
3、tailed list of engineering quantity, strictly review 6 5.2.5 Control of material consumption, determine the price 6外文文献译文61、工程造价管理的内涵62、工程造价管理的现状73、工程造价管理与成本管理的结合84、决策阶段的工程造价管理 95、建设项目实施阶段的施工单位工程造价管理95.1、招标施工阶段的施工单位招标制度95.2、施工阶段105.2.1、建筑计划 105.2.2、严格涉及更改项目预算控制在预算内105.2.3、工程量清单，严格审查115.2.4控制材料消耗，合理确
4、定材料价格11外文翻译原文Design phase of the project cost managementAbstract Project cost management is the basic contents to determine reasonable and effective control of the project cost. Described the current stage of the project cost management situation on the strengthening of the various stages of constru
5、ction cost management of the importance of and raised a number of key initiatives. Keywords：cost of the construction project cost management status investment decision phase of the design phase of the implementation phase of the cost management in a market economy1、project cost management Even under
6、 the WTO and Chinas accession to the world community, Chinas construction industry how to effectively control construction cost of the construction and management of an important component part. However, the current budget for the construction projects - estimate, budget, Super budget accounts for t
7、he super three is still widespread and that eventually led to a serious loss of control of project investment. Project cost management is the basic contents to determine reasonable and effective control of the project cost. As the project cost to the project runs through the entire process, stage by
8、 stage can be divided into Investment Decision stage, the design and implementation phases. The so-called Project Cost effective control is the optimization of the construction plans and design programs on the basis of in the building process at all stages, use of certain methods and measures to red
9、uce the cost of the projects have a reasonable control on the scope and cost of the approved limits. 2、the status of construction cost managementEngineering and cost management work of the current status of project cost management system was formed in the 1950s, 1980s perfect together. Performance o
10、f the country and directly involved in the management of economic activities. Provisions in the design stage to different estimates or budget preparation as well as government; Nothing relevant departments to formulate a budget, content, methods and approval, the budget will provide the fixed cost o
11、f equipment and materials and fixed price of the budget preparation, approval, management authority, and so on. 3、Engineering cost management and cost management unionWith the historical process, after recovery, reform and development, formed a relatively complete budget estimate of quota management
12、 system. However, as the socialist market economic development, the systems many problems have also exposed. Generally speaking, the budget estimate is based on direct participation in the management of national economic activity as a precondition. enterprise is not the actual economic entities. Due
13、 to the characteristics of the planned economy, and, at the time under the conditions of productivity, will inevitably become a shortage in the economy. In severe shortage of commodities under the conditions, as long as a certain level of investment, will be certain outputs. In this environment, the
14、 project planning and technical argumentation there can be no economic analysis. State control of the project cost constitute key factors equipment and materials prices, wages and taxes of artificial distribution. In this relatively stable economic environment, the budget estimate for the system app
15、roved project cost, help the government to carry out investment plans to play a major role. As the socialist market economic system established, requires us to predict project investment and control. In recent years, international investment project developed to the requirements of prior pre-control
16、 and in the middle of control. China, the traditional practice in an objective light on the cause decision-making, implementation heavy, light the economy and technology, First, the consequences of victimization,Due to the technical personnel of the project technical and economic concepts and a weak
17、 awareness of cost control, cost management makes the quality difficult to raise. Project Cost control is difficult to achieve long-term goals. Second, the various stages of the project management view of the above circumstances, My first academia in the 1980s made the whole process of cost manageme
18、nt and control concept, building departments will study the feasibility of projects and the budgets and final accounts to two extended at the request of the corresponding regulations put our cost management concepts and methods referred to a new height. 4、The decision-making phase of the project cos
19、t management Our task now is to be modern and cost management in line with Chinas national conditions of the market economy system goal, learn from the advanced experience of the developed countries, and establish sound market economic laws of project cost management system, efforts to increase the
20、project cost levels. An investment decision-making phase of the project cost management construction project investment decision-making stage is proposed project proposals; conduct a feasibility study to determine investment estimation and the final preparation of design task. At this stage, the pro
21、jects technical and economic decision-making, of the construction project cost of the project after the completion of the economic benefits have a decisive influence, The construction cost is an important stage control. Chinas current stage of the project cost for the project management for the purp
22、ose of clearing price, and focusing only on the construction process of cost control, neglected before the start of the project investment decision-making stage of cost control. Investment decision-making phase of investment projects is estimated an important basis for decision-making. It has a dire
23、ct impact on national economic and financial analysis of the results of the reliability and accuracy. Because of this phase is the preliminary work of projects, the information can not be fully, comparable works more or less that information accumulated relatively small, estimated inadequate and uns
24、cientific. Makes project cost management and cost workers is difficult at this stage do something. The various stages of the project cost control in the decision-making phase project cost control. Right project planning phase of the cost, many owners have the wrong understanding that the lower the c
25、ost the better. Cost control is not a unilateral issue, and should be a number of factors, a combination of practical, comprehensive consideration. The construction project investment decision-making stage, the projects technical and economic decision-making, Cost of the project after the completion
26、 of the project and the economic benefits, with a decisive role in project cost control is an important stage, rationally define and control the direction of the project cost of accurate positioning and building Optimization guiding role. 5、In the stage of construction project implementation units i
27、n engineering cost management In the decision-making phase of the most important is to do a good job feasibility study, the work is done well, returns on investment and can form a good proportion. Otherwise, invest more, less effective, resulting in loss of control and waste of investment. At presen
28、t, some of the projects planned the owners of departure from the subjective desires of a feasibility study on the lack of scientific proof. Feasibility Study untrue, false or engineering functions obtaining the approval of their superiors, actually put into the feasibility study will be awarded in t
29、he study for the project after the smooth functioning buried a lot of hidden problems, lead to insufficient follow-up funds for the project and had to extend the time limit so that the project could not have planned the use of cost-effective, even become hopeless completion of the beard works. 5.1、B
30、idding construction unit bidding system Therefore, in order to phase in the investment decision-making effectively control construction costs, we must do the following aspects: 5.2、Construction stage Implementation of the construction project and corporate accountability, Construction of the project
31、 from planning to implementation of the entire process and the use of the funds to repay responsibilities to the people. in addition to establishing a legal system and the project supervision matching mechanism by the departments in charge of the industry and supervision departments for setting up a
32、 monitoring group to oversee the use of funds. A realistic approach to market analysis, to avoid the blindness of the project decision-making, reduces and reduces investment risk. Fully consider building projects in the future market competitiveness, design task more scientific and reliability. Capi
33、tal financing must have a formal commitment document, the parties must do investment funds in place, and funds must have documents to ensure that the project can be approved after the scheduled implementation. To the various loan conditions should be carefully analyzed to minimize the burden of inte
34、rest and repayment pressure. To strengthen the engineering geology, hydrology, geology and land, water, electricity, transport, environmental projects such as external conditions for the work of depth to make the investment estimate there are sufficient grounds. Taking extensive investigation and re
35、search, comparison of similar projects, seriously functional analysis, multi-program comparison and choice. After full technical appraisal and economic evaluation, and the final technologically advanced, functional and reliable. Reasonable economic projects, thus calculate a more accurate and realis
36、tic estimation of the amount of investment, so that the project cost from the start positioning in a more reasonable level. The design phase of the project cost control for a long time, Chinas building control very effective, investment projects is not uncommon, this will affect owners of investment
37、 returns, it adds to the owners and within budget, as well as difficulties in fund owners, the impact on the future management or the owners make payments in arrears, and so on. Hence, the control of the project cost is of great significance, however the project cost is the primary means of control
38、design, Currently most of the property owners in the design stage seldom works on cost control, and they found that the cost of the design will not have a great impact, it is wrong, on the contrary, Design phase of the project cost control is the most important step. Because it determines engineerin
39、g design, construction methods, materials and equipment types, models of the project cost is of critical significance, design optimization phase of the program or minor changes, project cost will have a significant impact, Design phase of the project cost control of the total project cost of 70%. Fo
40、llowing is how to control the project from design to create the Law: As the owners must design, the design selected on the quality level is a direct impact on the quality of product design level, and the design quality products in the level of direct influence on the pricing of the works. Different
41、design units on the same project design are different. the same item of different design institute works between certain aspects of the project cost on the existence of differences between, We assume that with a design from two different design institute to design, Construction plans after the compl
42、etion of a requested advisory unit cost to do the budget, certainly different design institute the total cost of the project is absolutely not the same, and most of the difference between the two over 10% even more than 30%, and not necessarily high cost than the design of low cost, and good design
43、is often low cost, We all know that different people have different design styles and different levels, the design works naturally, therefore chosen to design units is the control on the first step. Through tender to select the design of the units is a good method, the tender documents to elaborate
44、on this particular aspect of the requirements, cost control targets, and so on. 外文翻译译文 设计阶段的工程造价管理 摘要工程造价管理的基本内容，合理确定和有效控制工程造价。描述现阶段的工程造价管理的情况，加强了各阶段的工程造价管理工作的重要性，并提出了若干关键性举措。目前大部分的业主在设计阶段很少工程的成本控制,而他们认为成本的设计不会有太大的影响,这是不对的,相反的,设计阶段的工程造价控制是最重要的一步。关键词：成本的施工项目成本管理的现状，投资决策阶段、设计阶段的实施阶段的成本管理在市场经济 1、 工程造价管
45、理的内涵即使在世贸组织和中国加入国际社会，中国建筑业如何有效控制施工成本的建设与管理的一个重要组成部分。然而，目前的预算为建筑项目估算，预算，超预算决算的“超级三”仍然很普遍，最终导致严重损失的工程投资控制。工程造价管理的基本内容，合理确定和有效控制工程造价。设计选定的质量水平直接影响产品质量的设计水平, 而设计产品质量的水平,直接影响定价的工程量。不同的设计单位对同一项目的设计是不同的。同一项目的不同设计研究院工程之间某些方面的工程造价就存在分歧之间,我们假设设计由两个不同的设计院设计, 施工图完成后,所要求的咨询单位成本做预算。当然不同设计院的项目的总成本是绝对不一样的, 而不一定是成本高
46、,比设计成本低,良好的设计往往是成本低,我们都知道,每个人有不同的设计风格,不同层次的设计作品自然 因此选择设计单位,是管制的第一步。通过招标选择设计单位,是一个很好的方法,在招标文件中详细说明这方面的要求,成本控制目标等等。 作为项目成本项目贯穿整个过程，逐步可以分为投资决策阶段，设计和实施阶段。所谓工程造价的有效控制是优化施工方案和设计方案的基础上，在建设过程中的所有阶段，运用一定的方法和措施，降低成本的项目有一个合理的范围和成本控制在批准的范围。2、 工程造价管理的现状 工程造价管理工作的现状，工程造价管理制度形成于50年代，80年代一起完善。性能的国家直接参与经济活动的管理。规定在设计
47、阶段不同的估计或预算编制以及政府有关部门；没有制定预算，内容，方法和审批，预算将提供固定成本的设备和材料和固定价格的预算编制，审批，管理机构，等。随着历史进程，恢复后，改革和发展，形成了比较完整的概预算定额管理系统。但是，随着社会主义市场经济的发展，系统的许多问题也暴露。一般来说，概算是根据直接参与管理国家经济活动为前提。企业是不实际的经济实体。由于特色的计划经济，并且，在时间条件下的生产力，势必成为一种短缺经济。成功的投资计划估计将接近一般建设工程范围内的投资。 这意味着两个设计合约,将帮助设计方案的选择和竞争机会,以确保获选设计 先进的技术,独特的新颖性,适应性,以及控制工程造价。设计单位
48、要努力提高自身素质,该项目设计巧妙构思, 当代降低工程成本上动脑筋,以提高设计质量, 力争把设计阶段的工程造价控制批准的投资上限。 在严重的商品短缺的条件下，只要有一定的投资水平，将某些产出。在这种环境下，项目的规划和技术论证，就没有经济的分析。国家控制项目成本构成要素的设备和材料价格，工资和税收的分配。在这个相对稳定的经济环境，预算估计为核准项目成本，帮助政府进行投资计划中发挥重要作用。3、工程造价管理与成本管理的结合 随着社会主义市场经济体制的建立，要求我们预测项目的投资控制。近年来，国际投资的项目开发的要求事先预控和中间控制。中国的传统做法，以客观上造成决策，实现重，轻的经济与技术，首先，在受害的后果，由于技术人员的工程技术和经济观念和意识淡薄，成本控制，成本管理，使质量难以提高。项目成本控制是难以实现长期目标。其次，各阶段的项目管理鉴于上述情况，我的第一次学术界在上世
