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1、目 次Purpose 目的1Introductory Notes 简介1Related Process Areas 相关过程域3Specific Goal and Practice Summary 特定目标及实践摘要3Specific Practices by Goal 各特定目标的特定实践4SG1 Use the Projects Defined Process 使用项目已定义过程4SP1.1 Establish the Projects Defined Process 建立项目已定义过程4SP1.2 Use Organizational Process Assets for Plannin
2、g Project Activities使用组织过程资产策划项目活动8SP1.3 Establish the Projects Work Environment 建立项目的工作环境10SP1.4 Integrate Plans 集成计划13SP1.5 Manage the Project Using Integrated Plans 使用整合计划管理项目16SP1.6 Establish Teams 组建团队18SP1.7 Contribute to Organizational Process Assets 为组织级过程资产做贡献20SG2 Coordinate and Collaborat
3、e with Relevant Stakeholders 与相关干系人协调与合作22SP2.1 Manage Stakeholder Involvement 管理相关干系人的参与活动23SP2.2 Manage Dependencies 管理相互依赖关系24SP2.3 Resolve Coordination Issues 解决协调问题25INTEGRATED PROJECT MANAGEMENT 集成项目管理A Project Management Process Area at Maturity Level 3成熟度为3 级的项目管理类过程域Purpose 目的The purpose of
4、 Integrated Project Management (IPM) is to establish and manage the project and the involvement of relevant stakeholders according to an integrated and defined process that is tailored from the organizations set of standard processes.集成项目管理（IPM）的目的是根据组织的标准过程集对已集成和定义的过程进行裁剪，以建立和管理项目以及相关干系人的参与活动。Intro
5、ductory Notes 简介Integrated Project Management involves the following activities: 集成项目管理包含以下活动： Establishing the projects defined process at project startup by tailoring the organizations set of standard processes在项目开始时，通过裁剪组织的标准过程集建立项目的已定义过程 Managing the project using the projects defined process使用项
6、目已定义的过程管理项目 Establishing the work environment for the project based on the organizations work environment standards基于组织的工作环境标准，建立项目的工作环境 Establishing teams that are tasked to accomplish project objectives建立团队以完成项目目标 Using and contributing to organizational process assets使用组织级过程资产，并向其贡献过程资产 Enabling
7、relevant stakeholders concerns to be identified, considered, and, when appropriate, addressed during the project确保相关干系人关注的内容在项目中得到识别、考虑，适时在项目期间予以标识 Ensuring that relevant stakeholders (1) perform their tasks in a coordinated and timely manner; (2) address project requirements, plans, objectives, pro
8、blems, and risks; (3)fulfill their commitments; and (4) identify, track, and resolve coordination issues确保相关干系人：（1）协调并及时的执行了他们的任务；（2）标明项目需求、计划、目标、问题和风险；（3）履行其承诺；（4）识别、跟踪、解决协调的问题。The integrated and defined process that is tailored from the organizations set of standard processes is called the project
9、s defined process. (See the definition of “project” in the glossary.)由组织的标准过程集裁剪而来的、已集成的和已定义的过程被称为项目的已定义过程。（参考词汇表中“项目”的定义。）Managing the projects effort, cost, schedule, staffing, risks, and other factors is tied to the tasks of the projects defined process. The implementation and management of the p
10、rojects defined process are typically described in the project plan. Certain activities may be covered in other plans that affect the project, such as the quality assurance plan, risk management strategy, and the configuration management plan.对项目的工作量、成本、进度、人员、风险和其他因素的管理与项目已定义的过程紧密相关。项目已定义过程的实施和管理常常描
11、述于项目计划中。而某些活动可能会包含在影响项目的其他计划中，例如质量保证计划，风险管理策略和配置管理计划。Since the defined process for each project is tailored from the organizations set of standard processes, variability among projects is typically reduced and projects can easily share process assets, data, and lessons learned.因为每个项目已定义的过程是从组织的标准过程集
12、裁剪而来，所以项目之间的差异性明显减少，而且各项目能更容易分享过程资产、数据及取得的经验教训。This process area also addresses the coordination of all activities associated with the project such as the following:此过程域还标识了与项目相关的所有协调活动，举例如下： Development activities (e.g., requirements development, design, verification)开发活动（例如，需求开发、设计和验证） Service act
13、ivities (e.g., delivery, help desk, operations, customer contact)服务活动（例如，交付、服务咨询、操作运行，以及客户联络） Acquisition activities (e.g., solicitation, agreement monitoring, transition to operations)采购活动（例如，招标、合同监控，以及运行移交） Support activities (e.g., configuration management, documentation, marketing, training)支持活动
14、（例如，配置管理、文档、销售，以及培训）The working interfaces and interactions among relevant stakeholders internal and external to the project are planned and managed to ensure the quality and integrity of the overall endeavor. Relevant stakeholders participate as appropriate in defining the projects defined process
15、and the project plan.策划并管理项目内外相关干系人之间的工作界面和交互活动，以确保项目整体的质量和完整性。相关干系人参与项目过程定义和项目策划是合适的。Reviews and exchanges are regularly conducted with relevant stakeholders to ensure that coordination issues receive appropriate attention and everyone involved with the project is appropriately aware of status, pla
16、ns, and activities. (See the definition of “relevant stakeholder” in the glossary.) In defining the projects defined process, formal interfaces are created as necessary to ensure that appropriate coordination and collaboration occurs.与相关干系人定期进行审查与交流，以确保协调问题能得到适当的关注，且参与项目的每个人能了解项目的状态、计划和活动。（参考词汇表中“相关
17、干系人”的定义）。在定义项目已定义过程时，需要建立正式的界面，以确保能够开展适当的协调与合作。This process area applies in any organizational structure, including projects that are structured as line organizations, matrix organizations, or teams. The terminology should be appropriately interpreted for the organizational structure in place.本过程域适用
18、于任何组织结构，包括采用如线性组织结构、矩阵式组织结构或团队型组织结构的项目结构。在合适之处对“组织结构”进行说明。Related Process Areas 相关过程域Refer to the Verification process area for more information about performing peer reviews.关于同行评审的更多信息，请参考验证过程域。Refer to the Measurement and Analysis process area for more information about aligning measurement and a
19、nalysis activities and providing measurement results.关于统一度量与分析活动，并提供度量结果的更多信息，请参考度量与分析过程域。Refer to the Organizational Process Definition process area for more information about establishing and maintaining a usable set of organizational process assets, work environment standards, and rules and guide
20、lines for teams.关于建立团队和维护一系列可用的组织过程资产、工作环境标准的准则和指南的更多信息，请参考组织级过程定义过程域。Refer to the Project Monitoring and Control process area for more information about monitoring the project against the plan.关于根据计划监督项目的更多信息，请参考项目监控过程域。Refer to the Project Planning process area for more information about developin
21、g a project plan.关于项目策划的更多信息，请参考项目策划过程域。Specific Goal and Practice Summary 特定目标及实践摘要SG1 Use the Projects Defined Process 使用项目已定义过程SP1.1 Establish the Projects Defined Process 建立项目的已定义过程SP1.2 Use Organizational Process Assets for Planning Project Activities 使用组织过程资产来策划项目活动SP1.3 Establish the Projects
22、 Work Environment 建立项目的工作环境SP 1.4 Integrate Plans 集成计划SP1.5 Manage the Project Using Integrated Plans 使用集成计划管理项目SP1.6 Establish Teams 组建团队SP1.7 Contribute to Organizational Process Assets 向组织过程资产做贡献SG2 Coordinate and Collaborate with Relevant Stakeholders 与相关干系人协调与合作SP2.1 Manage Stakeholder Involvem
23、ent 管理相关干系人的参与活动SP2.2 Manage Dependencies 管理依赖关系SP2.3 Resolve Coordination Issues 解决协调问题Specific Practices by Goal 各特定目标的特定实践SG1 Use the Projects Defined Process 使用项目已定义过程The project is conducted using a defined process tailored from the Organizations set of standard processes.使用从组织标准过程集中剪裁得到的已定义过程来
24、管理项目。The projects defined process includes those processes from the organizations set of standard processes that address all processes necessary to acquire, develop, maintain, or deliver the product.项目已定义过程包含了来自组织的标准过程，这些标准过程给出了产品采购，开发，维护或交付的所有必要的过程。The product related lifecycle processes, such as m
25、anufacturing and support processes, are developed concurrently with the product.与产品相关的生命周期过程是与产品同步开发的，如制造和支持过程。SP1.1 Establish the Projects Defined Process 建立项目已定义过程Establish and maintain the projects defined process from project startup through the life of the project.从项目启动贯穿整个项目生存周期内，建立和维护项目的已定义过程
26、。Refer to the Organizational Process Definition process area for more information about establishing organizational process assets and establishing the organizations measurement repository.关于建立组织过程资产和建立组织度量库的更多信息，请参考组织过程定义过程域。Refer to the Organizational Process Focus process area for more informatio
27、n about deploying organizational process assets and deploying standard processes.关于部署过程资产和标准过程的更多信息，请参考组织级过程关注焦点过程域。The projects defined process consists of defined processes that form an integrated, coherent lifecycle for the project.项目已定义过程由一系列定义的过程组成，这些过程形成集成的、连贯的项目生命周期过程。The projects defined pro
28、cess should satisfy the projects contractual requirements, operational needs, opportunities, and constraints. It is designed to provide a best fit for project needs.项目已定义过程需要满足项目的合同需要、实施需要、时机和系统约束。其策划应能最好的满足项目的需要。A projects defined process is based on the following factors: 项目已定义过程基于以下要素 Stakeholder
29、 requirements 干系人需求 Commitments 承诺 Organizational process needs and objectives 组织过程需要和目标 The organizations set of standard processes and tailoring guidelines 组织标准过程集和裁剪指南 The operational environment 实施环境 The business environment 商业环境Establishing the projects defined process at project startup helps
30、to ensure that project staff and relevant stakeholders implement a set of activities needed to efficiently establish an initial set of requirements and plans for the project. As the project progresses, the description of the projects defined process is elaborated and revised to better meet project r
31、equirements and the organizations process needs and objectives. Also, as the organizations set of standard processes changes, the projects defined process may need to be revised.在项目启动时建立项目的已定义过程，有助于确保项目成员和相关干系人执行一整套有效建立项目初步需求和计划所需要的活动。随着项目的进展，会对项目已定义过程进行更详细的描述与修订，使其能更好的符合项目需要、组织过程的需要和目标。同样，当组织标准过程变更
32、时，项目已定义过程可能也需要变更。Example Work Products 工作产品样例1. The projects defined process 项目已定义过程Subpractices 子实践1. Select a lifecycle model from the ones available in organizational process assets.从组织过程资产中选择适用的生命周期模型。Examples of project characteristics that could affect the selection of lifecycle models include
33、 the following: 可能影响生命周期模型选择的项目特点举例如下： Size or complexity of the project 项目的规模或复杂性 Project strategy 项目策略 Experience and familiarity of staff with implementing the process 执行过程人员的经验和熟悉程度 Constraints such as cycle time and acceptable defect levels 系统要求，诸如，周期时间和可接受缺陷的级等 Availability of customers to ans
34、wer questions and provide feedback on increments 客户回复问题，以及提供增量反馈的可用性 Clarity of requirements 需求的清晰度 Customer expectations 客户期望2. Select standard processes from the organizations set of standard processes that best fit the needs of the project. 从组织的标准过程集中选择最适合项目需要的标准过程。3. Tailor the organizations set
35、 of standard processes and other organizational process assets according to tailoring guidelines to produce the projects defined process.根据裁剪指南，裁剪组织标准过程和其他组织过程资产，形成项目的已定义过程。Sometimes the available lifecycle models and standard processes are inadequate to meet project needs. In such circumstances, th
36、e project should seek approval to deviate from what is required by the organization. Waivers are provided for this purpose.有时候，可用的生命周期模型和标准过程不足以满足项目需求。在此情况下，项目需要征求批准，以偏离组织要求。“弃用”就是为了这个目的而提供的。Tailoring can include adapting the organizations common measures and specifying additional measures to meet t
37、he information needs of the project.裁剪可以包括采用组织的通用度量或增加的特定额外度量以满足项目的信息需要。4. Use other artifacts from the organizations process asset library as appropriate.适当时，使用组织过程资产库中的其他历史数据。Other artifacts can include the following: 其他历史数据包括以下事项 Lessons learned documents 文档化的经验教训 Templates 模板 Example documents 文
38、件样例 Estimating models 估计模型5. Document the projects defined process. 记录项目的已定义过程。The projects defined process covers all of the activities for the project and its interfaces to relevant stakeholders.项目的已定义过程涵盖项目所有的活动以及与相关干系人之间的界面。Examples of project activities include the following:项目活动样例包括如下 Project
39、planning 项目策划 Project monitoring 项目监控 Supplier management 供应商管理 Quality assurance 质量保证 Risk management 风险管理 Decision analysis and resolution 决策分析和决定 Requirements development 需求开发 Requirements management 需求管理 Configuration management 配置管理 Product development and support 产品开发和支持 Code review 代码审查 Solic
40、itation 招标6. Conduct peer reviews of the projects defined process. 对项目已定义过程进行同行评审。Refer to the Verification process area for more information about performing peer reviews.关于执行同行评审的更多信息，请参考验证过程域。7. Revise the projects defined process as necessary. 必要时修订项目的已定义过程。SP1.2 Use Organizational Process Asset
41、s for Planning Project Activities使用组织过程资产策划项目活动Use organizational process assets and the measurement repository for estimating and planning project activities.使用组织过程资产和度量库来估计并策划项目活动。Refer to the Organizational Process Definition process area for more information about establishing organizational pro
42、cess assets.关于建立组织过程资产的更多信息，请参考组织过程定义过程域。When available, use results of previous planning and execution activities as predictors of the relative scope and risk of the effort being estimated.可用时，使用先前的策划和执行活动的结果来预测相关范围和估计结果的风险。Example Work Products 工作产品样例1. Project estimates 项目估计2. Project plans 项目策划S
43、ubpractices 子实践1. Use the tasks and work products of the projects defined process as a basis for estimating and planning project activities.使用项目已定义过程确定的任务和工作产品作为估计和策划项目活动的基础。An understanding of the relationships among tasks and work products of the projects defined process, and of the roles to be pe
44、rformed by relevant stakeholders, is a basis for developing a realistic plan.理解项目已定义过程确定的的任务和工作产品之间的关系和相关干系人所扮演的角色是开发现实可行计划的基础。2. Use the organizations measurement repository in estimating the projects planning parameters.使用组织的度量库来估计项目的策划参数。This estimate typically includes the following: 估计通常包括以下内容
45、Appropriate historical data from this project or similar projects 使用来自于本项目或类似项目的历史数据 Similarities and differences between the current project and those projects whose historical data will be used 当前项目和将要使用的其他项目历史数据之间的相似性和差异 Validated historical data 确认的历史数据 Reasoning, assumptions, and rationale used
46、 to select the historical data 选择历史数据的考虑、假设和理由 Reasoning of a broad base of experienced project participants 使用有已取得的项目参数的考虑Examples of parameters that are considered for similarities and differences include the following:需要考虑的相似的和差异的参数包括： Work product and task attributes 工作产品和任务属性 Application domain
47、 应用领域 Experience of the people 人员经验 Design and development approaches 设计和开发方法 Operational environment 实施环境Examples of data contained in the organizations measurement repository include the following:在组织的度量库中包含的参数包括： Size of work products or other work product attributes 工作产品的规模或其他工作产品的属性 Effort 工作量 Cost 成本 Schedule 进度 Staffing 人员 Response time 响应时间 Service capacity 服务能力 Supplier performance 供应商性能 Defects 缺陷SP1.3 Establish the Projects Work Environment 建立项目的工作环境Establish and maintain the projects work environment
