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1、Swine Disease Control Principles猪 病 控 制 的 基 本 原 理,作者：Larry Firkins,DVM,MS,MBAUniversity of IllinoisCollege of Veterinary Medicine美国伊利诺斯大学兽医学院,Economic Cost of Disease疾病的经济损失Death Loss死亡损失Obviously Sick Pigs明显的病猪Treatment Costs治疗开支Lost Production生产损失Lost Access to Markets 市场的丧失,Disease疾病,Alteration o
2、f the state of the body,or in some of its organs,which interrupts or disturbs the proper performance of thebodily functions.机体或者其部分器官的状态发生改变，引起机体正常功能的紊乱,Infection 感染,A microorganism enters a pig and causes a disturbance of function.微生物侵入猪体，引起功能紊乱Diseases that are a result of infection are Infectious
3、 Diseases.感染引起的的疾病为传染性疾病Non-infectious diseases can be the result of Genetic factors,Nutritional causes,Toxic factors,Management,etc.非传染性疾病可能由遗传、营养、毒素、管理等因素引起Most diseases of swine are Multi-Factorial.猪的多数疾病由多种因素引起,Infection 感染,Organisms such as bacteria,viruses,etc.,that can cause disease are calle
4、d Pathogens.细菌，病毒等引起疾病的微生物称为病原Not all microorganisms are pathogenic.并非所有微生物都有致病性Some are opportunists.有些是条件性病原体Some are non-pathogenic,some are helpful.有些为非致病性的，有些则有益,Sources of Infection感染源,Direct contact with a diseased pig与病猪直接接触Contact through Fomites.与污染物接触 boots,trucks,dirty equipment,people 鞋
5、，车，脏污的设备，人员Contact with Disease Carriers.与疾病携带者接触 Air Borne Infections.空气传播感染,Body Defenses机体防御,Primary Defenses-which serve to hinder or prevent the passage of disease organisms into the body第一道防线阻挡或防止病原侵入机体Secondary Defenses-that deal with bugs that have managed to get past the primary defenses an
6、d enter the tissues.第二道防线抵御通过了第一防御并进入机体组织的病原,Primary Defenses 第一道防线,Skin皮肤Mucus粘膜Air-filtering system空气过滤系统Cilia纤毛Acid酸Enzymes酶,Secondary Defenses第二道防线,Non Specific Chemical Defenses such as enzymes,interferon,etc.非特异性化学物质防御，如酶，干扰素等Cellular defenses-Natural killer cells,T-cells,Macrophages,etc.细胞防御天
7、然杀手细胞，T细胞，巨噬细胞等Specific Antibodies against disease agents.针对病原体的特异性抗体,Antibodies抗体,Antibodies are proteins formed in response to an infection.抗体是对感染发生反应而形成的蛋白质IgG,IgA,IgM,IgE Presence of Ab indicates exposure but notalways presence of disease有抗体说明接触过病原，但不一定发病Antibody level testing not correlated wel
8、l to disease resistance抗体水平与抗病力无很好相关,Ab level 抗体水平,Infection感染,0 7 14 21.,0 7 14 21.,Ab level 抗体水平,Infection感染,0 7 14 21.,Ab level 抗体水平,Infection感染,0 7 14 21.,Ab level 抗体水平,Infection感染,抗体水平,感染,0 7 14 21.,Active vs Passive Immunity主动与被动免疫,Active Immunity after exposure to a pathogen or vaccine Ab pro
9、duced 7 to 10 days after exposure to a antigen.主动免疫在病原或疫苗接触后产生，抗体产生于与病原接触后710天 Passive Immunity-transfer of antibodies from an another animal that has been actively immunized.被动免疫抗体由主动免疫过的动物转移而来Colostrum and Antiserum are passive immunity初乳和抗血清带来的免疫力是被动免疫,Colostrum初乳,The colostrum contains concentra
10、ted antibody(mostly IgG and IgM).初乳含有高浓度抗体（多数是IgG和IgM）Pinocytosis can occur effectively only within the first 18 hours of life.初乳的有效吸收仅发生在出生后18小时内,免疫模型,Ab response after single vaccination一次免疫接种后的抗体应答,免疫模型,Booster Effect强化效果,免疫模型,理想免疫模式为在被动免疫消失前激活主动免疫,Combined Maternal and Active Immunity,免疫和感染Immun
11、ity and Infection,感染压力Infection exposure,免疫水平Immune level,生病,健康,Health,Sickness,免疫和感染,Light exposure感染压力小,Immunized 免疫良好,生病,健康,免疫和感染Immunity and Infection,Health and prosperity,免疫和感染,感染压力大,免疫不足,发病，经济损失,健康,Disease and Economic Loss,Heavy Exposure,Immunity not Enough,Variability of Immunity免疫力的变异性,Sea
12、sonal Factors季节因素Environmental Factors环境因素Stressors应激因素Nutritional Deficiencies营养缺陷,Segregation,Isolation,Sanitation,Immunization分离，隔离，卫生，免疫,Separate sick pigs from healthy将病猪与健康猪隔离Use logical and effective sanitation进行合理有效的卫生消毒strong chemicals强效药剂Better Environments 环境管理Use controlled exposure+vaccines 有控制地接触病原免疫接种 Diagnosis诊断Periodic review of the program方案的阶段性总结,
