形容词英语语法课件.ppt
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1、形容词和副词,形容词和副词的比较级及最高级,是对动,词和名词进行两者或是三者以上比较时而,进行的一种语法对比形式。在专业四级考,试中,经常会出现一些需要考生特别注意,的形容词和副词的特殊结构。,一、形容词,1,形容词常用来修饰,描述名词或代词,,多用作定语、表语或补语。,e.g.,the former(late)husband,an intimate friend,He made his father angry.,2,-ly,后缀和形容词,后缀,-ly,常在形容词之后构成副词,但有些以,-ly,后缀结尾的词却是形容词,看似副词,容,易混用。,这类派生词有两类:,1),名词,+ly=,形容词,
2、e.g.,brotherly,earthly,friendly,lovely,等。,2,)形容词,+ly=,形容词,e.g.,lively,lonely,deadly,,,likely,等。,【注】有些形容词本身就带,ly,如:,silly,ugly,daily,chilly,等,容易误用为副词。,?,所以不是凡是以,-ly,结尾的词就是副词,少部分形容词也,以,-ly,结尾,?,lively,活泼的,friendly,友好的,?,manly,男子气的,fatherly,慈父般的,?,lovely,可爱的,ugly,丑陋的,?,lonely,孤独的,deadly,致命的,?,deathly,死
3、一般的,monthly,每月一次的,?,earthly,世俗的,costly,昂贵的,?,lowly,卑贱的,likely,很可能的,?,kindly,和蔼的,timely,及时的,?,silly,愚蠢的,3,只作表语的形容词,英语中有些形容词不能放在名词前面作定,语,只能用作表语(或后置定语)一般称,作表语形容词。这类形容词有两类:,第一类是表示健康状况的词,如,well,,,ill,。,第二类是由前缀,a-,构成的形容词,如:,afraid,alert,alike,alive,alone,aloof,ashamed,asleep,awake,aware,等。,例如:,He is well/
4、a healthy man.(,),He is a well man.(,),She is ill/sick.(,),She is a sick person.(,),She is an ill person.(,),He is the only alive man in the village,after the earthquake.(,),He is the only man alive in the village,after the earthquake.(,),【注】,1),上述只作表语用的的形容词中,除,well,ill,外,大多不能同,very,连用,而必须用,very muc
5、h.,e.g.,I am very much afraid of that-too high a,reputation would be a burden for me.,2,)第二类形容词词都不能作前置定语,,但当它们本身带有副词修饰时,又可作前,置定语。,e.g.,a really alive student,a somewhat afraid boy,4,只能作后置定语的形容词,1),形容词修饰由,some-,,,any-,,,every-,,,no-,等和,-body/one/thing,等组合的复合不,定代词时,须后置。,e.g.,something new,anybody pres
6、ent,2),某些以,-able,和,-ible,结尾的形容词作定语,时常常后置。,e.g.,imaginable/possible/available,等。,这些词作后置定语修饰名词时,名词前常,可以有形容词最高级或,only,等限定词作为,前置定语。,e.g.,We had the greatest difficulty imaginable.,Children need the best education,possible.,Ill send you all the periodicals available.,3),由前缀,a-,构成的形容词,即上文提到的表语形,容词,(afloat
7、/alike/alive/alone,等,),,须后置修饰名,词。,e.g.,The house ablaze was next door to him.The,boat afloat was not seen by the enemy.,4,)在一些头衔或固定词组里,形容词需跟在名,词之后。这类词组有:,Attorney General,首席检察官,司法部长,body politic,全体公民,Poet Laureate,桂冠诗人,time immemorial,史前时期,the president elect,当选而尚未就任的总统,5,只能作前置定语的形容词,1,)词尾为,-most,的形
8、容词,如,topmost,,,foremost,endmost,e.g.,Every profession produces its own,topmost master.,He is considered the foremost British,artist of this century.,2,)词尾为,-en,的过去分词形容词,如,drunken,,,spoken,written,e.g.,Drunken days have all their tomorrows.,They built a robot capable of,understanding spoken commands.
9、,3,)以物质名词,+en,构成的形容词,如,earthen,,,golden,,,wooden,woolen,e.g.,earthen banks a wooden spoon,a golden crown,4,)一些以,er,结尾的形容词,如,former,latter,inner,outer,minor,upper,utter,elder,等,e.g.,Heart disease dogged his latter years.,【注,】,形容词,enough,修饰名词时既可放在名词,前,也可位于名词后。,e.g.,There was just enough room for two,c
10、ars.,There will be time enough to tell you,when we meet.,但,enough,作副词修饰形容词或副词时,,应当后置。,e.g.,We should wait patiently before he was,old enough to shave.,6,分词转化来的形容词,一些形容词是由现在分词和过去分词转,化而来的。它们既可充当名词修饰语,,又可充当主语补语(表语)和宾语补语;,可以被,very,或,too,所修饰,也可以有比较,级和最高级。这类形容词化了的现在分,词和过去分词用作名词修饰语时,仍保,留一定的动词含义。一般说来,由及物,动词
11、的现在分词转化来的形容词往往带,有主动含义;而由及物动词的过去分词,转化来的形容词往往带有被动含义。,e.g.,He found him to be a very promising,young man.,During the wedding,the emcee told us,an absorbing account of their marriage.,Im rather alarmed that youre planning,to leave the company.,Elephants are distinguished from other,animals by their long
12、 noses.,7,形容词的顺序,单个形容词一般位于所修饰的名词之前,,形容词词组一般位于所修饰语之后。特,定种类的形容词或特定情况下的形容词,作定语时要后置。,1),前置修饰语的排列顺序,英语中当不同种类的形容词用来修饰同,一名词时,其排列顺序大致如下:,a.,可以置于冠词前的形容词,(,all/both/such,),b.,冠词、指示形容词、所有格形容词、,不定形容词,(a/an/the/this/those/your/,his/our/any/some),c.,基数词,(one/two/three);,序数词,(first/second/third),d.,表示性质、状态、质量的形容词,
13、(good/ugly/sweet/useful),e.,表示大小、长短、形状的形容词,(big/long/small/square/round),f.,表示年龄、新旧、温度的形容词,(young/new/old/cold/hot),g.,表示颜色的形容词,(red/white/black),h.,表示国籍、产地、区域的形容词,(Chinese/American/British),i.,表示材料、用作形容词的名词,(iron/silk/stone/fuel),j.,动名词、分词,(floating/hand-made),OPSHACOM,限冠形龄色国材(县官下令杀国材),这些高大年轻的美国警察,
14、these tall young American policemen,美丽的古老欧洲大教堂城市,the beautiful old European cathedral,cities,所有十个年轻力壮的中国男学生,all the ten strong young Chinese boy,students,头三幢既漂亮又宽敞的陈旧英式红石头,农场房子,the first three fine big old red English,stone plantation houses,?,李白是中国古代的一位著名诗人。,?,Li Bai was a famous ancient Chinese po
15、et.,?,这张红色的,中国式的旧木桌是我的奶奶,的,它又大又漂亮。,?,This beautiful big old red Chinese wooden,desk was my grandmothers.,形容词比较级修饰语,?,常用的副词修饰语,?,many,much,far,a little,a bit,slightly,a great deal,a lot,somewhat,rather,completely,etc.,?,This essay is not good,but that,one is hardly better.,?,?much more happy,?,当数词用在比
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