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1、Object Clauses,宾语从句,（简单句）,1.,I,主语,know,him,.,谓语,宾语,（复合句）,2.,I,主语,主,know,谓语,句,who,he,is,.,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,宾,语,从,句,什么是,宾语,？,?,?,?,?,I know him.,Do you have the time?,I think(that)she is beautiful.,Why dont you pay attention to me?,宾语,位于谓语动词或者介词后,宾语从句（,Object Clause,）,S,P,OC,1.I dont know,when,we shall me
2、et again.,我不知道我们什么时间会见面。,S,OC,P,2.This reminded me of,what,he had once,promised me.,这使我想起他曾对我的许诺。,一、宾语从句的概念,从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，,通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后,。,eg.,We know,Mr Green teaches English.,She asked,if these answers were right,.,二、宾语从句三要素,引导词（连接词）,语,序,时,态,（一）引导词,1,由从属连词,that,引导的宾语从句,由从属连词,whether,if,
3、引导的宾语从句,由连接代词,Who,whom,whose,which,what,和连接副词,where,how,why,when,引导的宾语从句,2,3,由从属连词,that,引导的宾语从句,注,：,that,在句中无词汇意义，在从句中,不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略,e.g.,he will be back in an hour,1.I hear(that)_.,he missed us very much,2.He said(that)_.,the earth moves,3.The teacher told us(that)_,around the sun,_.,that,不能省略,的
4、两种情况,（,1,）当,that,作介词,except,in,，,about,宾语时,?,They believe,in that,she must still,be single.,?,I know nothing about him,except,that,he is living in Beijing.,（,2,）,用,it,做,形式宾语,的宾语从句时（,it,常可以放在动词,think,find,consider,believe,feel,make,等后作为形式宾语，,而真正的宾语,that,从句则放在句,尾）,?,I think it necessary that you shoul
5、d,read English aloud.,?,We heard it that she would get,married next month.,由从属连词,whether,if,引导的宾语从句,if/whether“,是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清,楚。常用在,ask,know,，,wonder,can(could)you tell,me,等后。,Are you,a student?Please tell me.,=Please tell me,if/whether,you are,a student.,Do you go to,school by bike every day?C
6、ould,you tell me?,=Could you tell me,if/whether,you go to,school by bike every day?,1.I want to know.,2.,Will he go to the park with us?,I want to know if/whether he will go to,=_,the park with us,.,_,1.I ask him.,2.Can he come?,_,1.Could you tell me?,2.Does,Mr.Li lives here?,_,只能用,whether,不能用,if,的情
7、况,1.,在,介词,后面：,?,Im thinking,of,whether we should go fishing.,?,We are worried,about,whether it will rain tomorrow.,2.,在,动词不定式,前,(,whether to do sth,.),：,?,They asked me whether,to,go skating,.,3.,当与,or not,连用，或,提出两种选择,时,:,?,I dont know,whether,hes free,or not,.,?,Mary asked,whether,I was doing my ho
8、mework,or not,.,?,Tell me,whether,youd like to go shopping,or,tidy,the room.,4.,宾语从句,提前,时：,?,Whether,this is true or not,I cant say.,Practice time,if,/whether,if,/whether,1.I asked her _ she had a bike.,whether,2.We,re worried about _ he is safe.,3.I wonder _ he is well.,whether/if,whether,4.I don,t
9、 know _ or not he is well.,whether,5.I don,t know _ to go.,3),特殊疑问句用作宾语从句时，用,原句,中的疑问词,引导。,注意：,要将,疑问句语,序,改为,陈述句语序（即,S+V+,),Who,are you,waiting for?Can you tell me?,=Can you tell me,who,you are,waiting for?,What,did he do,yesterday?I dont know.,V,助,V,实“做”,=I dont know,what,he did,yesterday.,V,实“做”,由,疑
10、问代词,Who,whom,whose,which,what,和,疑问副词,where,how,why,when,引导的宾从,代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任,句子成分，具有一定的意义，,不可省略,。,who could answer the question,1.He asked _.,whom they are waiting for,2.Do you know_?,3.He asked_.,whose bike was the best in the class,4.Do you know _?,when well have a meeting,5.Please tell me _
11、.,where he is,how I can get to the station,6.Can you tell me _?,why the train is late,7.Could you tell me _?,二、语序,宾语从句的语序用,陈述语序,：,连接词,+,主语,+,谓语,+,其他成分,主句,+,连接词,+,从句（主,+,谓,+,其他成分）,1.,When,will,he,go,to,the,library?,His,brother,asks,when,he,will,go,to,the,library,.,His,brother,asks,when,will,he,go,to,
12、the,library,.,2.,What,did,he,want,to,buy,?,I,dont,know,what,did,he,want,to,buy,.,I,dont,know,what,he,wanted,to,buy,.,注,：当从句的原句为以下句子,以及,what,who,作主语时，,语序不变,：,Whats wrong?Whats the matter?,What,s happening?,What happened?,eg:,I dont know whats the matter,.,做主语,Can you tell me,who is over there,?,Can y
13、ou tell me,who he is,?,做宾语,否定的转移,若主句谓语动词为,think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine,等，,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转,移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式,。,I,dont,think this dress fits you well.,我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。,I,dont,think you are right.,我认为你是错的。,我认为你今天无法完成工作。,I dont believe you will finish the work today.,时态,：,1.,主
14、句是,一般现在时,，宾语从句,时态不变,。,1)It,is,going to rain,.I,think,.=,I,think,(that),it,is going to rain,.,2)He,is a,worker.He,tells,me.=,1),He,tells,me,(that),he,is,a worker.,3)They,will have,a trip.He,tells,me.=,1),He,tells,me,(that),they,will have,a trip.,4),Have,you,finished,reading the book?I,wonder,.=I,wond
15、er,if/whether,you,have,finished,reading the book.,5),Did,you,do,your homework last night?I,ask,.=I,ask,if/whether,you,did,your,homework last night.,6)He,was watching,TV at 10 oclock last night.He,tells,me.=He,tells,me,that,he,was watching,TV at,10 oclock last night.,7)They,had gone,when I,came,.I,te
16、ll,him.,=,I,tell,him,that,They,had gone,when I,came.,2.,时态,：,如果,主句,是,过去的时态,（一般过去时，,过去进行时），,从句,的时态一定要用,相对应的过,去的某种时态,（,一般过去时，过去进行时，过去,将来时，过去完成时,）,1)He,can,go with,me.He,said,.,=He,said,he,could,go with,me.,1)It,is,going to rain,.I,thought,.=,I,thought,it,was,going to rain,.,2)He,is,a,worker.He,told,me
17、.=,1),He,told,me,that,he,was,a worker.,3)They,will,have,a trip.He,told,me.=,1),He,told,me,that,they,would,have,a trip.,4),Have,you,finished,reading the book?I,wondered,.=I,wondered,if/whether,you,had,finished,reading the book.,5),Did,you,do,your homework last night?I,asked,.=I,asked,if/whether,you,d
18、id,your,homework last night.,6)He,was watching,TV at 10 oclock last night.He,told,me.=He,told,me,that,he,was watching,TV at,10 oclock last night.,7)They,had gone,when I,came,.I,told,him.,=,I,told,him,that,They,had gone,when I,came.,3.,注意,：如果从句表示的是,客观真理或不变,的事实,，从句仍然用一般现在时。,Our teacher,told,us,that,th
19、e moon,goes,/travels,around the Earth.,The teacher,told,us,that,light,travels/,goes,faster than sound.,He,said,that,Liu Xiang,is,a famous sports,star.,4.,从句中有,具体时间状语,，即使,从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍,用,一般过去时,。,?,The teacher told me she,was,born in 1960.,?,I heard that he,went,to,Paris last night.,根据主句，在宾语从句中填入,正确的
20、动词时态：,joined,1.I know(that)he _(join)the Party,in 2000,.,2.Could you tell me where he,_(mend)his bike,at that time,?,was mending,are playing,3.I see that they _(play)football,over there.,4.Tell me where he _(live).,lives,have had/kept,5.I want to know,how long,you _(have),this bike.,will come,6.I he
21、ar that he _(come),tomorrow,.,7.I,knew,that he _(join)the,joined,League in 2000.,got,8.I,wanted,to know how you _,(get)on with your classmates.,9.He,told,me that he_(have),had had,this bike,for three years,.,10.I,wondered,if he _(come),would come,tomorrow,.,11.Our teacher told us that light,goes,_(g
22、o)faster than sound.,12.We all knew that the moon,_(move)round the sun.,moves,13.It was true that there _(be),are,twelve months in a year.,will be,14.The radio,says,it _ cloudy tomorrow.,(be),goes,15.The headmaster,hopes,everything _ well.,(go),had,returned,16.I,heard,they _(return)it,already.,had b
23、een,17.He,said,that they _ members of the,Party since 1948.(be),rises,18.Our teacher,told,us in class the sun _,in the east.(rise),以,wh-,疑问词或,how,引导的宾语从句与,动,词不定式,可相互转换,:,疑问代词,who,what,which,及疑问副词,when,where,why,等和动词不定式连用，构成动词,不定式短语。,I didnt know,what to do,.=I didnt know,what,I,should do.,The police
24、man showed us,where to go,.=The,policeman showed us,where we should go,.,Can you tell me,how to make,a kite?=Can you tell,me,how I can make,a kite?,主句和从句的主语为,同一人,，宾语从句,可转换为动词不定式结构。如下所示：,I,dont know,what,I,can say next.=,I,dont know,what to say,next.,He,doesnt know,where,he,can make a phone,call.=,He
25、,doesnt know,where to make,a phone call.,Summary,(,小结）,宾语从句,三要素,引导词（连接词）,语,序,时,态,将下列句子合并为一句,:,1.Where do they stop on the way?I asked.,I asked where they stopped on the way.,2.What will you speak at the meeting?,Could you tell me?,Could you tell me,what you will speak at the meeting?,3.Do they like to go skiing?He asked.,He asked if they liked to go skiing.,4.He is doing his homework.He said.,He said that he was doing his homework.,5.He will come back.Tom said.,Tom said that he would come back.,
