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1、动词不定式,动词不定式的结构,肯定：,to,+,V,.,原,或者,(to)+,V,.,原,否定：,not/never,+,(to),+,V,.,原,1),He,likes,to,read,novels.,2),I,saw,him,come.,3),We,decided,not,to,buy,that,house.,4),It,is,interesting,to,fly,a,kite.,5)Please let him not go there.,作主语,To hear your voice is so nice.,It is so nice to hear your voice.,To stu
2、dy hard is very important.,It is very important to study hard.,注意,:,不定式作主语时，通常用,it,作形式主语，,把真正的主语放在后面。,1,、,It is+adj.,for/of,sb.to do sth.,作主语,It+be+adj.,+,for/of,sb.to do sth.,for,:,adj.,多,为,描,述,不,定,式,行,为,的,特,征,（,important/,necessary,/,interesting,等,.,）,of,:adj.,多为,描述主语的品质特征,（,kind/nice/friendly/wis
3、e/foolish,等,.,）,It is easy _ her to learn English well.,for,of,It is clever _ you to solve the problem.,作主语,2,、,It takes sb.some time,to do sth.,我每天花去三个小时完成家庭作业。,It,takes,me three hours,to finish,the homework every,day.,I,spend,three hours,finishing,the homework every day.,作主语,3,、,It is+n.(for sb)to
4、 do sth.,It is my pleasure to help you with your English.,作主语,4,、用在谚语中,To,To say,see,is,to,believe.,is easy,but,to do,is hard.,练习,for,1,、,It is necessary _us to learn to wait.,(of/for),2,、,It was careless _me to break the cup.,of,（,of/for),to buy,3,、,It took them 1,000 yuan _this,table.(buy),to carr
5、y,4,、,It is my pleasure _ the box for you.,(carry),练习,5,、轮到我们打扫教室了。,It is our turn_,to clean the classroom.,6,、,To waste time is to shorten life.,（翻译成中文）,浪费时间就是缩短生命。,作宾语,1,、动词,+to do sth.,常用动词有：,want/wish/like/would like/hope/plan,/try/decide/learn/need/agree/begin/,start/forget/remember/manage/seem
6、/,fail/manage/promise,等,1,、,I,hope,to,finish,it,tomorrow,.,2,、,She plans,to go and teach,in the country.,作宾语,2,、动词疑问词,+to do,1,、我不知道接下来该做什么,。,I,dont,know_,next.,what to do,2,、她不能决定买哪本书,。,which book to buy,She cant decide_.,=,She cant decide,which book she should buy,.,练习,to turn off the light,1,、,Do
7、nt,forget,_.(,关灯,),to go out,2,、,I happened _when he called me.,（出去）,to depend on others,依赖别人）,3,、,I dont want_.(,how to drive a car,怎样开车）,4,、,Sam is learning_.(,to protect,5,、,We promise _ the environment.(,保护,),作宾补,-,对宾语进行补充说明,1,、,动词,+,宾语（,sb./sth.)+to do sth.,1,、,The teacher asked her to answer t
8、he question.,2,、,The doctor told me to have a good rest.,常用动词有：,ask,tell,allow,want,等,2,、动词,+,宾语,+,不带,to,的不定式,动词多为感官动词、使动词。,一感：,feel,二听：,hear,listen to,三使：,make,let,have,四看：,see,notice,watch,look at,Johns mother,makes him play,the piano every day.,被动,：,John _ play the piano every day.,is made to,练习,
9、finish,1,、,Let him _ the work at once.,(finish/to finish),2,、,Do you like listening to other people_?,talk,(talk/talking/to talk),3,、,Jim was seen _the room.,to enter,(enter/to enter),to come,4,、,Please tell her _here on time.,(come/to come),(to)solve,5,、,Ill help you _this problem.,(to solve/solve)
10、,6,、,I wish you will stay with us.(,改成简单句）,I wish you to stay with us.,7,、,Her story made us laugh.(,改成被动句）,We were made to laugh by her story.,作表语,1,、主语,+be+to do sth,主语多为,duty/wish/hope/idea/plan/,ambition/dream/work/job,等,名词,我的梦想是成为一名歌手。,他的工作是每天清扫教室。,1,、,My ambition is to be a singer.,2,、,His wor
11、k is to clean the classroom every day.,2,、谚语中,1,、,To know everything is,2,、,To see is,to believe,.,to know nothing.,作定语,位置,：,放在被修饰词的后面,I have a lot of work,to do,.,I want to find something,to drink,.,不定式为不及物动词时后面应有必要的,介词,。,Im looking for a hotel _.,D,A.stay B.stay at C.to stay D.to stay at,He,hasnt,
12、got,a,house,to,live_.,in,with,I have no pens to write _.,作状语,1,、原因状语,:,主语,+be+,adj.(,表情感,),+to do sth.,(happy/glad angry/sorry/sad/afraid,Im sorry to hear that.,Im glad to see you.,等,),2,、目的状语,The soldier ran into the room to save the girl,_ _ the soldier run into the room?,Why did,Many parents send
13、 their children abroad,_.(,to further their studies,深造学习,),.,3,、结果状语,too+adj./adv.+to do sth,.,adj./adv.,enough,to,do,sth.,You are too young to do this job.,He ran fast enough to catch the bus.,动词不定式可以充当的句子成分,1,、作主语,2,、作宾语,3,、作宾语补足语,4,、作表语,5,、作定语,6,、作状语,7,、与特殊疑问词连用,8,、特殊用法和固定表达,下列不定式作何种成分？,All I did
14、 was,to give him some advice,（表语）,.,Lucy,needs,a,friend,to,play,with,（定语）,.,He,was,the,last,guest,to,arrive,.,（定语）,（表语）,His dream is,to travel all over the world.,Its interesting,to read a science fiction,.,（主语）,下列不定式作何种成分？,He was glad,to see you.,（状语）,My father offered,to buy a computer,for me.,（宾语
15、）,He,interviewed,detective,Ken,to,get,some,information,.,（状语）,The doctor asked him,to have more fruit,and vegetables,.,（宾语补足语）,介词,to,与,不定式,to,的区别,1,、习惯于,be,used,to,_,doing,被用于,be,used,to,_,do,Water,is,used,to,_,put,(put),out,fires.,I,am,used,to,_,taking,(take),a,walk,after,supper.,2,、,prefer,to,比起,来
16、更喜欢,比起游泳来，我更喜欢跑步。,I,prefer,_,to,_.,running swimming,3,、,look,forward,to,期待，盼望,Im,looking,forward,to,_,visiting,(visit),Beijing,again.,1.,作主语,2.,作宾语,3.,作宾语补足语,4.,作定语,5.,作状语,6.,作表语,7.,作独立成分,8.,与疑问词等连用,三,.,用法,/,功能,(1).,主语,To see,is to believe.,It,s important,to learn,.,不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用,it,作形式主语,.,(2)
17、.,表语,is,My job to help the patient.,Your task to clean the,is,classroom.,I want to go home.,The workers demanded to get better pay.,I found it necessary to talk to him again.,think/consider/find it+adj.+to do,(3),宾语,常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：,hope,refuse,learn,set out,choose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.,w
18、arn,tell,allow,help,ask,force,等,(4).,宾补,The teacher told me to clean the blackboard,I expect you to give me some help.,listen to,一听,二看,hear,watch,see,look at,三使,let,make,have,四注意,:,notice,五感觉,:,feel,2.,用作宾语补足语：,(,v.,+sb.+to do),She,asked,me,to help,her.,The teacher,told,him,to come,on time.,Edisons
19、mother,taught,him,to read and,write,.,want,sb.to do,wish,sb.to do,get,sb.to do,order,sb.to do,find,sb.to be,like,sb.to do,would like,sb.to do,help,sb.to do,(5).,定语,I have something to say.,He has a lot of homework to do,.,He is looking for a room to live,in,.,There is nothing to worry,about,.,(,如果不定
20、式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词,.),?,不定式作定语时，应放在,被修饰词的后面,，而,且放在其他后置定语之后。,1.,不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有,三种,关系：,(1),动宾关系,I have a lot of work to do,.,我有很多工作要做。,(2),主谓关系,He is always the first to come,.,他总是第一个来。,(3),同位关系,We all have a chance to go to college,.,我们都有上大学的机会。,2.,不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动,作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定,式后面仍须有,相应的介
21、词,。,请给我一支写字的笔,.,Please give me a pen to write with.,3.,不定式所修饰的名词如果是,time,place,或,way,，,不定式后面的,介词习惯上要省去,。,He had no money and no place to live.,他没钱没地方住。,4.something,anything,nothing,everything,等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。,注意比较：,1.,Do you have anything,to send,?,你有什么东西,要寄吗？（不定式,to send,的动作执行者是,you,）,2.Do you ha
22、ve anything,to be sent,?,你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？,（不定式,to be sent,的动作执行者是已被省略,的,me,或,someone else,）,(6),状语,I came here to see you.,He got up early to catch the train.,in order to,so as to,enough to,only to,too.to.,?,不定式与疑问词,who,which,when,how,what,等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主,语、表语、宾语等。,He didnt know,what to say,.,他不知
23、道说什么。,(,宾语,),How to solve,the problem is very important,.,如,何解决这个问题很重要。,(,主语,),My question is,when to start,.,我的问题是什么时,候开始。,(,表语,),注意：,?,在与,why,连用时，只用于,why,或,why not,开头,的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带,to,。,Why not have a rest?,?,固定句型,:,1.,had better/had best+(not)do sth.,最好（不）做某事,2.,Why(not)do sth.?,3.,prefer to do/prefer doing,4.,prefer+n./doing A+to+n./doing B,5.,prefer+to do A rather than(to)do B,6.,would rather(not)do sth.,7.,would rather do A than(do)B,8.,would rather+,句子（过去式）,（虚拟语气）,要做,
