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1、附 录 the earliest presumable innocence principle The 1764 Italy jurist Beccaria: the judge before, a person can not be a criminal. As long as it can not be concluded that he had violated his contract to public protection, society can not cancel his public protection. The ancient Rome law adopts crime
2、 suspects, defendants and return principle, starting from the angle of for the defendant, make a lenient or from free judgment. Presumable innocence principle is put forward as a principle in the bourgeois enlightenment. After the principle of constitution, constitutional documents in many western c
3、ountries, the international treaties. German criminal proceedings by REO principle. The Anglo-American law system countries not suspected as innocent argument, but there is a suspected crime formulation.Two legal awareness of the presumable innocence principle the Anglo-American law system: the Unit
4、ed States criminal law twenty-ninth stipulation: prior to submission to the jury trial. The government party evidence investigation completed or completed all the evidence investigation, evidence is not enough to sustain the conviction, the court should be the defendants proposal should make a verdi
5、ct of not guilty. The court also can measure to maintain the conviction if there is sufficient evidence. The court at the end of the government investigation of evidence dismissed acquit proposal, can also provide evidence of the accused to provide evidence in the case of rights without reservation.
6、 the continental law system: the German criminal procedure law established the crime suspect dimensional light principle. Suspected crime refers to the principle of dimensional light when in doubt, should be conducive to the defendants decision. In Chinas criminal procedure law in 1997 twelfth third
7、 clearly stipulates: the appointment of court proceedings to the peoples Procuratorate criminal case after the trial, the evidence is insufficient, the defendant cannot be found guilty, not guilty verdict should make the lack of evidence, the crime accused cannot be established. This provision indic
8、ates that our country from the legislation established the principle of no punishment in doubt case. After the amendment of criminal procedure law, the formal establishment of the presumable innocence rules. The new criminal procedure law the 140th regulation: in cases where supplementary investigat
9、ion, the peoples Procuratorate still believes that the evidence is insufficient, does not meet the conditions for prosecution, can make the decision not to initiate a prosecution, 162nd paragraph third: the evidence is insufficient, can not determine that the defendant guilty, should make the eviden
10、ce is insufficient, the failure of the charged crime the verdict of acquittal. These Regulations are established, marked presumable innocence rule in China, it is not only an important derivation rules of the principle of presumption of innocence, but also the important principle of admissibility of
11、 evidence rules, the rules that convicted shall be liable for the prosecution to bear, the prosecution must collect sufficient evidence to prove that the crime is, if not confirm the crime or on the collected evidence exists objection, should be explained and treatment of criminal suspects, misdemea
12、nor heavy crime cannot be determined, should be a misdemeanor, guilt or innocence can not be determined, should determine the suspect, the defendant not guilty. 疑罪从无原则的国外现状一、最早疑罪从无原则的提出1764年意大利法学家贝卡利亚：在法官判决之前，一个人不能被成为罪犯。只要还不能断定他已经侵犯了给与他公共保护的契约，社会就不能取消对他的公共保护。古罗马法中采用“罪案有疑，利归被告”的原则，从有利于被告的角度出发，做出从宽或从免
13、的判决。疑罪从无原则在资产阶级启蒙运动中被作为一项思想原则提出来。后该原则被许多西方国家的宪法、宪法性文件，或国际条约所采用。德国刑事诉讼中采用罪疑唯轻的原则。英美法系等国没有疑罪从无的说法，但有疑罪的提法。 待添加的隐藏文字内容3二、两大法系对疑罪从无原则的认识（1）英美法系：美国刑事诉讼法第29条规定：提交给陪审团审判之前。政府方证据调查进行完毕或者所有证据调查完毕之后，证据不足以维持定罪的，法院应被告人的提议应当做出无罪判决。法院也可以自行衡量维持定罪的证据是否充足。法院在政府方证据调查结束时驳回判决无罪的提议的，被告人在没有保留提供证据的权利的情况下也可以提供证据。 （2）大陆法系：德
14、国刑事诉讼法确立了罪疑维轻原则。罪疑维轻原则是指在有疑问时，应做有利于被告的决定。 （3）我国在1997年刑事诉讼法第12条第三项中明确规定：任命法院对人民检察院提起公诉的刑事案件经过审理，对“证据不足，不能认定被告人有罪的，应当作出证据不足、指控的犯罪不能成立的无罪判决。”这一规定标志着我国从立法上确立起了“疑罪从无原则”。 刑事诉讼法修改后，正式确立了疑罪从无规则。新刑事诉讼法第一百四十条规定：“对于补充侦查的案件，人民检察院仍然认为证据不足，不符合起诉条件的，可以做出不起诉的决定”，第一百六十二条第三款规定：“证据不足，不能认定被告人有罪的，应当做出证据不足、指控的犯罪不能成立的无罪判决”。这些规定，是我国确立疑罪从无规则的显著标志，它不仅是无罪推定原则的重要派生规则，而且也是证据采信规则的重要法则，该规则强调证明有罪的责任应由控诉机关来承担，控诉机关必须收集到确实充分的证据以证明犯罪，如果不能证实犯罪或者依据收集到的证据定罪存在异议，则应作有利于犯罪嫌疑人的解释和处理，罪轻罪重不能确定时，应定轻罪，有罪无罪不能确定时，应判定犯罪嫌疑人、被告人无罪。
