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1、600T粉煤灰蒸压砖全自动生产线可行性报告 1.概述经双向液压成型，并经过蒸养生产的标砖，多孔砖等产品，能达到强度高，质量好，产量高，生产周期短，能满足日益增长建筑市场的需求。并能取代粘土砖，符合国家政策，节省土地资源，保护环境，变废为宝，是一项利国利民发展前景十分广阔的项目。1.1政治导向：国家已明文规定，2003年11月以后在170多个大中城市，禁止使用粘土砖。根据国办发（2005）33号文件规定：“到2010年底，所有的城市禁止使用实心粘土砖，全国实心粘土砖年产量控制在4000亿块以下”。因而，给发展新型墙体材料带来了契机。几年来，砌块发展很快，但远远满足不了市场的需求，特别是近几年来，
2、蒸压粉煤灰砖和灰沙砖的生产，倍受人们的青睐，是一项发展潜力十分广阔的产业。1.2市场预测和发展前景：我们国家人口众多，是发展中的国家。国民经济GDP每年递增8%左右。随着国民经济的飞速发展，必然带来建筑行业的兴旺发达。特别是大规模的房屋建筑，对占建材70%的墙体材料而言，无疑是加速发展的大好时机。加之有国家一系列优惠政策的支持与鼓励，并有廉价的粉煤灰为主要原料的蒸压砖，成本低，质量好，强度高。更容易销售，发展前景十分广阔。2.产品方案2.1 QZS600T双向液压砖机及成套设备，主要是生产24011553标砖，每板生产26块，生产周期1822秒，还可生产多孔砖和盲孔砖，路面砖等。2.2.产品质
3、量标准： 产品执行建材行业标准JC239-2001粉煤灰砖。2.2.1强度与抗冻性：强度级别平均强度指标抗冻性指标抗压强度（Mpa）抗折强度（Mpa）抗压强度（Mpa）砖的干质量损失（%）MU20204162MU15153.21222.2.2干燥收缩 干燥收缩值：优等品和一等品0.65mm/m；合格率0.75mm/m。2.3 产量 蒸压灰砂砖单机生产标砖：3000万块； 蒸压灰砂砖双机生产标砖：6000万块。3. 建议条件：3.1原材料：3.1.1生石灰：生石灰应符合JC/T621-1996硅酸盐建筑合用生石灰标准Cao+Mgo75%；Mgo5%；CO25%。3.1.2石膏： 应符合JC/T6
4、22-1996石膏标准。CaSo4.2H2O70%。3.1.3砂应符合JC/T622-1996硅酸盐建筑制品用砂标准。要求中细砂，无杂物。3.2供电： 单机生产线先装机容量为250KW，年耗电90万度。3.3供水：单机生产线每年用水量约12000吨。3.4供汽：单机生产线每年耗汽8000吨。3.5工作制度：3.5.1每年工作300天，每天三班，每班工作7.5小时。各工段班次如下：序号工段班/日1234破碎粉磨配料与搅拌消化压制与蒸压12333.5.2劳动定员：单机生产线三班计36人，其中管理人员6人;双机生产线三班计48人，其中管理人员8人;4.技术方案：4.1 年产3000万蒸压灰砂标砖：4
5、.1.1原料配比，主要原料消耗及贮存期，原料配比：生石灰：砂 =11：89主要材料消耗及物料平衡： 以标砖3kg/块，废品率3%计算物料名称单位原材料用量备注年日班时标砖万块3000103.330.44标砖质量t9270030910313.73100%砂t8250327591.6712.2289%生石灰t1019733.9911.331.5111%成型水t700023.337.781.11主要原料，成品贮存期序号名称贮存方式贮存天数1砂堆场302生石灰堆棚383成品砖堆场104.1.2生产流程：（1）工艺平面布置图：（图4-1）（2）工艺流程简述（见图4-1.2） 由厂外运进的块状生石灰和石膏
6、卸入堆棚内贮存，由人工装入受料斗，经PE250400颚式破碎机、DT250斗提机分别卸入贮库内，库下经电机振动给料按比例，由1号胶带机送入1.24.5m球磨机进行粉磨，物料细度达到35004000cm/g时，由2号DT250斗提机送入配料仓待配料；由厂外运来的砂放入堆场中贮存，并用前装机将砂装入受料斗，经2号胶带机送入配料仓内待配料。 配料仓下，生石灰用螺旋秤称量，砂用电子秤秤量，按比例经3号送入JS1500双轴强制性搅拌机进行搅拌，然后经DT250斗提机送入消化仓进行消化，再经螺旋输送机送入双卧轴强制式搅拌机进行搅拌，再经5号胶带机送入QZS600双液压砖机，压制成型，再由码垛机装入台车，经
7、摆渡车推入蒸压房内蒸养，蒸好的砖经摆渡车，移垛车送入成品堆场堆放，待销。（3）工艺特点：采用双轴强制性搅拌机，间歇搅拌，可使物料混合均匀；物料采用连续式消化，可满足连续式生产的要求，消化时间23小时。消化后的混合料再经双卧轴强制式搅拌机搅拌，使混合料密实度增加，性能改善，从而可提高产品质量；采用QZS600双向液压机，每次成型26块标砖，成型周期18-22秒，产品强度20Mpa,与同类机型比，产量高，质量好，投资省；压砖机夹砖，送砖，码垛机都采用数码定位和控制，能达到精准，成品率高。蒸压釜养护周期短，需7小时左右，釜内压力为1.4Mpa,温度195 C左右，蒸压釜保温性能好，耗汽量少，热工效率
8、高，更重要的是坯体在174C湿热条件下，可以加速水化和水热合成反应，促使制品中水化产物纤维状水化硅酸钙CSH(B)，托勃莫莱石（CAS5H5）,硬硅酸钙（CSH0.33）等多种水化产物含量增多，晶体增加，无定形水化产物减少，从而保证了产品的强度合耐久性。（4）主要工艺设备表待添加的隐藏文字内容1序号主要设备名称数量备注1PE250400颚式破碎机12DT250斗式提升机33石灰库50m14B=500胶带输送机351.24.5球磨机16JS1500强制型搅拌机17胶结料仓50m18螺旋输送机29消化仓70m110SJ-450高速双卧轴强制搅拌机111QZS600双向压砖机112CZD600出砖胶
9、带机113SM600码垛机114台车8515摆渡推车机216221m蒸压釜2172T锅炉118钢绳推车机119转盘3（5）主要技术经济指标序号项目单位指标备注1生产能力万块3000标砖2主要原材料用量2.1砂t/a825032.2生石灰t/a101973用水m/a120004蒸汽t/a80005装机容量KW2506耗电K.W/a901047厂区占地面积m102927.1建筑面积m9008办公区占地面积m28229劳动定员人36其中管理人员6人10劳动生产率10.1全员万块/人.a10010.2生产人员万块/人.a83.311投资估算11.1建设投资万元457.5611.2流动资金万元5012经
10、济指标12.1年销售收入万元69012.2年总成本费用万元51012.3年利润总额万元18012.4投资回收期年3.2包括半年基建期4.1.3估算及技术经济（1）估算： 总投资 ： 437.56万元 100% 其中：设备购置费： 280万元 63.99% 设备安装费： 26.26万元 6% 建筑工程费： 90万元 20.57% 其他 ： 41.3万元 9.44% 注：土地租赁费未计算在内。（2）成本估算： 每块标砖按3kg计算项目配比（%）单价年耗量单位成本（元/块）砂8920元/t0.0534生石灰11100元/t0.033电费0.7元/度85万度0.0198水费2元/t12000t0.00
11、08蒸汽60元/t8000t0.016工资50.4万元0.0168模具维修费0.0045折旧51万元0.017管理经营费0.0082计0.17 （3）效益分析：每块标砖按0.23元计算。年利润总额=（0.23-0.17）3000=180万元。按优惠政策，增值税全免，五年内不征所得税，总利润中应扣除办公费和经营费后为1800.9=162万元。故投资回收期a= 437.56/162=2.7年，加上半年建设期为3.2年。5.结论（1）600t双液压压砖机生产线，生产的灰砂蒸压砖强度高、质量好、生产周期短、投资少的好项目。应尽量推广。4.2年产6000万吨灰砂砖生产线4.2.1主要工艺设备表序号主要设
12、备名称数量备注1PE250400颚式破碎机12DT250斗式提升机23石灰库50m14B=500胶带输送机351.24.5球磨机16JS3000强制型搅拌机17DT350斗式提升机18胶结料仓50m19螺旋输送机310消化仓70m211SJ-450高速双卧轴强制搅拌机212QZS600双向压砖机213CZD600出砖胶带机214SM600码垛机215台车16016摆渡推车机217221m蒸压釜4184T锅炉118钢绳推车机119转盘34.2.2主要技术经济指标序号项目单位指标备注1生产能力万块6000标砖2主要原材料用量 2.1砂t/a1650062.2生石灰t/a20393用水m/a2400
13、04蒸汽t/a160005装机容量KW4506耗电K.W/a1601047厂区占地面积m142567.1建筑面积m15008办公区占地面积m32649劳动定员人48其中管理人员8人10劳动生产率10.1全员万块/人.a12510.2生产人员万块/人.a15011投资估算11.1建设投资万元839.211.2流动资金万元8012经济指标12.1年销售收入万元138012.2年总成本费用万元91212.3年利润总额万元46812.4投资回收期年2.3包括半年基建期4.1.3估算及技术经济（1）估算： 总投资 ： 739.2万元 100% 其中：设备购置费： 480万元 64.94% 设备安装费：
14、39.2万元 5.30% 建筑工程费： 150万元 20.29% 其他 ： 70万元 9.5% 注：土地租赁费未计算在内。（2）成本估算： 每块标砖按3kg计算项目配比（%）单价年耗量单位成本（元/块）砂8920元/t0.0534生石灰11100元/t0.033电费0.7元/度160万度0.0187水费2元/t24000t0.0008蒸汽60元/t8000t0.008工资67.2万元0.0112 模具维修费0.008折旧66.7万元0.011管理经营费0.0082计0.152（3）效益分析：每块标砖按0.23元计算。年利润总额=（0.23-0.152）6000=468万元。按优惠政策，增值税全
15、免，五年内不征所得税，总利润中应扣除办公费和经营费后为4680.9=421.2万元。故投资回收期a= 739.2/421.2=1.8年，加上半年建设期为2.3年。5.结论（1）600t双液压压砖机生产线，生产的灰砂蒸压砖强度高、质量好、生产周期短、投资少的好项目。应尽量推广。（2）从以上比较看，双机效益优于单机效益，应尽量采用双机方案。图4-1工艺流程图砂受料斗颚式破碎机斗式提升机砂配料仓电子秤电机振动给矿机生石灰库皮带机球磨机斗式提升机胶结料仓螺旋输送机皮带机SJ450双卧轴强制式搅拌机-消化仓斗式提升机强 制 式 搅 拌 机皮带机水全自动液压砖机码垛机蒸压釜成品堆场检验出厂蒸压小车汽锅炉生
16、石灰块螺旋秤Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and throu
17、gh the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sk
18、y, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot
19、 tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of
20、 space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical strai
21、ght line we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have th
22、at same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cl
23、eaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission cont
24、rol as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limite
25、d cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial a
26、irliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll
27、 back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like di
28、ving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the
29、more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) mai
30、n chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumga
31、rtner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.
