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1、Five Elements/Phases五行(wu xing),WoodFireEarthMetalWater,木（mu）火（huo）土（tu）金（jin）水（shui）,All phenomena in the universe are the products of the movement and mutation of five qualities:wood,fire,earth,metal and water.Five Elements are not just the materials that the names refer to,but rather metaphors an
2、d symbols for describing how things interact and relate to each other.,Statements,Statements,Five elements actually refer to the movement and transformation of these five elements as well as their relationships.In TCM,five-phase theory has had considerable influence in physiology,pathology,diagnosis
3、,treatment and pharmacology.,Yin-Yang Theory and Five-Phase theory,The Yin-Yang model symbolizes the creation process through the interaction of bipolar forces.Five-Phase Theory further differentiates this dynamic into the relationship between five fundamental powers,partitioning the continuum of mo
4、vement into identifiable stages.Yin-Yang can be used to describe the alternation between sun and shade,heat and cold,dry and wet,so the Five Phases represent the seasons of the earth,the stages of human life,the waxing and waning(interaction)of Yin and Yang.,Any process that can be described in term
5、s of Yin-Yang can be further differentiated into Five-Phase.Any of the Five Phases can be further differentiated into Yin-Yang.Yin-yang and Five-phase conceptualization are just different characteristics of the same subject:external world and human body.,Categorization,Criteria:Intrinsic Characteris
6、tics of the five elementsGuide:Correspondence between man and universe/Adaptation of human body to natural environment 天人相应（tian ren xiang ying）Method:Extrinsic Abstraction,extension,analogizing,inference and Deduction,Characteristics of the five elements Wood 木,Wood is the bending and straightening
7、,having the characteristics of growth,upbearing and effusion(upward and outward movement).Wood in nature:Spring,wind,east,dawn,generating,blue-green,sourWood in human body:liver,gallbladder,tendon,eye,anger,shout,tear,Characteristics of the five elements Fire 火,Fire is the flaming upward,having the
8、quality of heat and upward motion.Fire in nature:Summer,south,summer heat,midday,growing,red,bitterFire in human body:heart,small intestine,vessels,tongue,joy,laugh,sweat(perspiration),Characteristics of the five elements Earth 土,Earth is the sowing and reaping,representing the planting and harvesti
9、ng of crops and the bringing forth of phenomena.Earth in nature:later summer,center,dampness,late afternoon,transform,yellow,sweet.Earth in human body:spleen,stomach,muscle,mouth,thinking/contemplation,sing,saliva,Late summer 长夏（chang xia）,June(lunar calendar)18 days out of each season added togethe
10、rThe last month of each season(4 months),Characteristics of the five elements Metal 金,Metal is the working of change,having the qualities of purification,elimination and reform.Metal in nature:Autumn,west,dryness,dusk,reap,white,pungent.Metal in human body:lung,large intestine,skin&hair,nose,grief/m
11、elancholy,cry,snivel,Characteristics of the five elements Water 水,Water is the moistening and descending to low places,having the qualities of moistening,downward movement,and coldness.Water in nature:winter,north,coldness,midnight,store,black,salty.Water in human body:kidney,urinary bladder,bone,ea
12、r,fear,spittle.,The Structural System of the Five Elements.doc,Interaction between five elements Four cycles(sheng/ke/cheng/wu),mutual generation/inter-promotion 相生(xiang sheng)inter-restraint/inter-restriction/controlling 相克(xiang ke)over restrict/over restrain 相乘(xiang cheng)Counter-restriction/re
13、verse restraint cycle:reverse restrain/overwhelming/insulting 相侮(xiang wu),Sheng/ke-normal cycles,Engendering cycle:mutual generation/inter-promotion 相生（xiang sheng）:(mother-child)Wood-Fire-Earth-Metal-Water-WoodRestraining cycle:inter-restraint/inter-restriction/controlling 相克（xiang ke）Wood-Earth-W
14、ater-Fire-Metal-Wood,wood generating firefire generating earth earth generating metal metal generating water water generating wood,Mother-Each Element-childmother qi and child qi illness of mother viscera affecting the child one 母病及子illness of child viscera affecting the mother one 子病及母,wood restric
15、ting earth fire restricting metal earth restricting water water restricting fire metal restricting wood,Restraining-Each Element being restrainedbeing restrained 所胜（suo sheng）Restraining 所不胜(suo bu sheng),The dynamic of Creation cannot be without engendering or restraining;without engendering there
16、is no way by which things may arise,and without restraining,things may become unduly powerful and cause harm.造化之机不可无生，亦不可无制。无生则发育无由，无制则亢而为害。类经图翼,Cheng/wu-Abnormal Cycles,Over-restricting cycle:over restrict/over restrain 相乘（xiang cheng）Wood-Earth-Water-Fire-Metal-WoodCounter-restriction/reverse rest
17、raint cycle:reverse restrain/overwhelm 相侮（xiang wu）WoodMetalFireWaterEarthWood,Application of Five-Phase Theory in TCM,Five-phase analysis of organ characteristicsThe four cycles of interorgan relationships applied in physiology pathology diagnosis treatment:principle,herbs and diet,acupuncture,pscy
18、cotherapy prognosis,Five-phase analysis of organ characteristics,The nature and function of the organs are seen to have correspondences to phenomena in nature and are classified with those phenomena according to the five phases.Liver-wood;Heart-fire;Spleen-earth;Lung-metal;Kidney-water,Tips,While st
19、udying TCM theory of internal organs,it is best to rid oneself of the western concept of internal organs entirely.TCM concept of internal organs are not just material-anatomical ones.Each organ in TCM is a complex system encompassing its anatomical entity and its correspondent entities(constituent,s
20、ensory organs,etc.).,Tips,TCM understands the internal organs through observing the physiological and pathological phenomena as well as therapeutic effect.The concepts of zang-fu organs in TCM are quite beyond the range of anatomical morphology,more or less synthetic functional units.The functions o
21、f the zang-fu organs in TCM extensive,covering certain functions of other related organs.,The four cycles of interorgan relationships applied in physiology,Engendering cycle:Liver and heartHeart and spleenSpleen and lungLung and kidneyKidney and liver,Restraining cycle:Liver and spleenSpleen and kid
22、neyKidney and heartHeart and lungLung and liver,The four cycles of interorgan relationships applied in pathology,Engendering cycle:illness of mother viscera affecting the child one 母病及子 excessive heat of liver and heartillness of child viscera affecting the mother one 子病及母 deficiency of liver and ki
23、dney,The four cycles of interorgan relationships applied in pathology,Over-Restraining cycle:Liver qi attacking spleen/stomachwater pathogen insulting heart Counter-restricting cycle:liver fire invading lung disharmony between heart and kidney,The four cycles of interorgan relationships applied in d
24、iagnosis,Diagnosis according to complexion,taste and pulse.yellowish complexion,preference to sweet food and moderate pulse-?Deciding the transmission of disease according to complexion,taste and pulse.spleen deficient syndrome with bluish complexion,sour taste in the mouth and taut pulse-?,The four
25、 cycles of interorgan relationships applied in treatment:,Principles:Controlling the transmission of disease liver-spleenDeciding therapeutic principles*Tonifying the mother-organ and purging the child-organ 补母泻子(bu mu xie zi)*Inhibiting the strong organ and supporting the weak organ 抑强扶弱(yi qiang f
26、u ruo),Tonifying the mother-organ 补母,According to engendering cycle,补母 is used for deficiency syndrome Boosting fire to engender earth 益火生土(yi huo sheng tu)Banking up earth to engender metal 培土生金(pei tu sheng jin)Metal and water engender each other 金水相济(jin shui xiang ji)Enriching water to moisten w
27、ood 滋水涵木(zi shui han mu),Purging the child-organ泻子,According to engendering cycle,泻子 is used for excess syndrome e.g.excessive heat of liver and heart liver-fire can be reduced by purging heart-fireSummary:tonifying the mother-organ in treating deficiency syndrome 虚则补其母(xu ze bu qi mu)purging the ch
28、ild-organ in treating excess syndrome 实则泻其子(shi ze xie qi zi),Inhibiting the strong organ and supporting the weak organ 抑强扶弱(yi qiang fu ruo),According to over-restricting and counter-restraining cycle,the principle of inhibiting the strong organ and supporting the weak organ means to correct viscer
29、al imbalance and restore visceral harmony in function.e.g.Inhibiting wood and supporting earth(inhibiting the liver and strengthening the spleen),Herbs,The sour tastes goes to the liver,the bitter taste goes to the heart,the sweet goes to the spleen,the pungent taste goes to the lungs,the salty tast
30、e goes to the kidneysif the liver is diseased one should not eat pungent foods;if the heart is diseased one should not eat salty foods;if the spleen is diseased one should not eat sour foods;if the kidney is diseased one should not eat sweet foods;if the lung is diseased one should not eat bitter fo
31、ods.,Acupuncture,Five shu points 五俞穴(wu shu xue)Points between the fingers and elbows and between the toes and knees in the order of the engendering cycle,starting with wood for the yin channels and metal for the yang channels.Tonifying mother/purging childExpelling pathogenic factor,Psychotherapy:e
32、motional disorders,Anger怒 Joy喜 anxiety/worry思 grief悲 fear恐 Angeranxiety:medical recordfear Joy,Prognosis,If the disease progresses in the order of the engendering cycle,the prospects for a good recovery are favorable and the disease can be considered minor.Liver-heartIf the disease progresses in the order of restraining cycle,the prospects are unfavorable and disease is serious.Liver-spleen,
