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1、局部血液循环障碍,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,概 述,1,正常的血液循环和体液内环境是保证组织细胞健全的必要条件。,血液供应紊乱或体液平衡障碍都可导致组织器官的充血、出血以及血栓形成、栓塞、甚至梗死，是人类死亡的重要原因。,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,实验内容,1,2,3,4,实验目的与原理,实验材料,实验方法,注意事项,细心观察，认真分析，
2、科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,第一节 充血,一.动脉性充血,器官或组织因动脉输入血量的增多而发生的血管内血液含量增多的状态，简称充血（hyperemia）。,特点：主动过程、发生快、易于消退。,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,一、动脉性充血,原因及类型,1.生理性充血,为适应器官和组织生理需要和代谢增强需要而发生的充血。,2.病理性充血,减压后充血：长期受压的器官或组
3、织，当压力突然解除时，细动脉发生反射性扩张。,炎性充血：由于致炎因子或炎症介质引起的细动脉扩张。,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,一、动脉性充血,病理变化,肉眼,器官、组织体积稍增大，颜色鲜红，局部温度升高。,光镜,局部细动脉及毛细血管扩张充血。,后果,短暂反应，一般恢复正常。少数出现血管破裂。,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,一、动脉性充血,眼结膜
4、充血,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,第一节 充血,二.静脉性充血,器官或局部组织静脉回流受阻，血液淤积在小静脉和毛细血管内，简称淤血(conges-tion)。,特点：病理性、被动过程、发生缓慢、持续时间长。,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,二、静脉性充血,原因,1.生理状态下的淤血,妊娠子宫压迫髂静脉引起下肢及盆腔淤血，长久站立引起的下肢淤血。,
5、2.病理状态下的淤血,静脉受压,静脉管腔阻塞,静脉血液坠积,心力衰竭,二、静脉性充血,病理变化,肉眼,光镜,体积,颜色,温度,小动脉,毛细血管,小静脉,充血,淤血,增大,鲜红,升高,扩张充血,扩张充血,后果,淤血,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,二、静脉性充血,重要器官淤血,1.肺淤血,原因,左心衰竭,病变,肉眼,光镜,临床,缺氧、气促、发绀、粉红色泡沫痰,肺水肿和出血,肺泡壁毛细血管小静脉扩张,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,ser
6、iously analysis and scientific summary.,二、静脉性充血,肺淤血,粉红色泡沫痰,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,二、静脉性充血,肺淤血,正常肺组织,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,二、静脉性充血,慢性肺淤血,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis
7、 and scientific summary.,二、静脉性充血,2.肝淤血,原因,右心衰竭,病变,肉眼,光镜,临床,肝肿大、压痛,中央静脉、肝窦扩张,肝细胞脂变、萎缩、消失,二、静脉性充血,肝淤血,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,Diagram,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,Cycle Diagram,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful
8、 observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,Diagram,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,Diagram,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,Diagram,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scient
9、ific summary.,Diagram,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,Diagram,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,Text,Text,细心观察，认真分析，
10、科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,Marketing Diagram,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,Diagram,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,Diagram,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,serious
11、ly analysis and scientific summary.,Diagram,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,Diagram,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,Block Diagram,TEXT,TEXT,TEXT,TEXT,TEXT,TEXT,TEXT,TEXT,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,Table,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,3-D Pie Chart,细心观察，认真分析，科学总结。Careful observation,seriously analysis and scientific summary.,Block Diagram,Thank You!,
