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1、The diencephalon,间 脑,I.Position,Lies between midbrian and cerebrum大脑almost entirely surrounded by cerebral hemisphere 大脑半球,II.Subdivision,1.Dorsal thalamus 背侧丘脑 2.Epithalamus 上丘脑 3.Hypothalamus 下丘脑 4.Metathalamus 后丘脑 5.Subthalamus 底丘脑:,Metathalamus 后丘脑,Medial geniculate body 内侧膝状体,lateral geniculate
2、 body外侧膝状体,transition zone between the thalamus and tegmentum of midbrain,contain subthalamic nucleus 底丘脑核,Subthalamus 底丘脑:,Epithalamus 上丘脑:includes,thalamic medullary stria 丘脑髓纹,habenular trigone 缰三角,habenular Commissure 缰连合,pineal body 松果体 posterior commissure 后连合,Dorsal thalamus,A large egg-shape
3、d nucleus mass.anterior thalamic tubercle 丘脑前结节,pulvinar 丘脑枕,division,anterior nuclei medial nuclei lateral nuclei,by internal medullary lamina 内髓板,Med.nuclear group,Ant.nuclear group 丘脑前核,internal medullary lamina 内髓板,Ventral anteriornucleus 腹前核,Ventral lateral nucleus 腹外侧核,Pulvinar 枕,Functional su
4、bdivision,According to the function,the thalamus may be divided into the three groups Nonspecific relay nuclei 非特异性中继核 Association nuclei 联络性核群 Special relay nuclei 特异性中继核,Nonspecific relay nuclei 非特异性中继核 a)Midline nucleus group 中线核群 b)Intralaminar nuclear group 板内核群 c)Thalamic reticular nucleus丘脑网状
5、核,Receive afferent fibers from rhinencephalon 嗅脑and reticular formation of brain stem,project mainly to cerebral cortex大脑皮质.,Functional subdivision,Association nuclei 联络性核群 a)Anterior nuclear group 丘脑前核 b)Medial nuclear group 内侧核群 c)Dorsal nuclei of lateral nuclear group 外侧核的背侧组,Med.nuclear group,An
6、t.nuclear group 丘脑前核,Dorsal nuclei,Special relay nuclei 特异性中继核,Ventral anterior nucleus 腹前核Ventral lateral nucleus 腹外侧核,Ventral anteriornucleus 腹前核,Ventral lateral nucleus腹外侧核,motor cortex 运动区,receiving the fibers from：,dentate nucleus（齿状核）globus pallidus（苍白球）substantia nigra（黑质）,Ventral Posterior n
7、ucleus 腹后核 may be divided into Ventral Posteromedial nucleus 腹后内侧核:Ventral posterolateral nucleus 腹后外侧核,Cerebral cortex,send out fibers to the somatosensory area 躯体感觉中枢.,Metathalamus 后丘脑,Lateral geniculate body(LGN)外侧膝状体,Receive fibers from optic tract 视束.Projects to visual area via optic radiation
8、视辐射.,Hypothalamus 下丘脑,Boundaries1.Superiorly:hypothalamic sulcus2.Inferiorly:optic chiasma,tuber cinereum灰结节,infundibulum 漏斗 mamillary body 乳头体3.Anterior:lamina terminalis 终板 4.Posterior:continues with midbrain tegmentum,Position:lies ventral to thalamus,Hypothalamus 下丘脑,Preoptic region 视前区Supraopti
9、c region 视上区 a)Supraoptic nucleus 视上核:produce antidiuretic hormone 抗利尿激素(ADH,or vasopression 加压素)b)Paraventricular nucleus室旁核:produce oxytocin催产素。Tuberal region 结节区 Infundibular nucleus 漏斗核 Mamillary region 乳头体区 Mamillary nucleus 乳头体核,Subdivisions and important nuclei,Paraventricular nucleus,Paraven
10、triculohypophyseal tract 室旁垂体束,Supraopticohypophyseal tract 视上垂体束,posterior lobe of hypophysis,Connects with hypophysis 垂体,(oxytocin 催产素),Tuberoinfundibular tract 结节漏斗束,Portal v.,Hypophyseal v.,anterior lobe,FunctionRegulates the function of neuroendocrine systemand autonomic nervous System.,（其分泌物调节
11、垂体前叶的分泌）,Connects with hypophysis 垂体,Third ventricle 第三脑室,CommunicationBy the Interventricular foramen lateral ventricle 侧脑室by mesencephalic aqueduct fourth ventricle,Position:a narrow cleft lies within diencephalon.,Interventricular foramen室间孔,mesencephalic aqueduct 中脑水管,Lateral geniculate body,Med
12、ial geniculate body,Metathalamus,Paraventriculohypophyseal tract 室旁垂体束,Supraopticohypophyseal trac 视上垂体束,infundibulum,posterior lobe of hypophysis,tuberoinfundibular tract 结节漏斗束,habenular Commissure 缰连合,habenular trigone 缰三角,Pineal body松果体,Hypothalamus-connection,Connects with limbic system 边缘系统Conn
13、ects with brainstem and spinal cordConnects with dorsal thalamus Connects with hypophysis 垂体a)Supraoptic nucleus(vasopressin加压素)supraopticohypophyseal trac posterior lobe of hypophysisb)Paraventicular nucleus(oxytocin催产素)paraventriculohypophyseal tractposterior lobe of hypophysisc)Parvicellular neur
14、ons in the arcuate nucleus and nearby region of the walls of the third ventricle secrete releasing and inhibiting hormones tuberoinfundibular tract portal vein of hypophsis anterior lobe of hypophsis,Third ventricle 第三脑室,BoundariesRoof:choroids plexus 脉络丛Floor:from ant.To post.optic chiasma 视交叉,tube
15、r cinereum灰结节,infundibulum漏斗 mamillary body乳头体。Anterior:lamina terminalis 终板Posterior:continuous with mesencephalic aqueductLateral wall:dorsal thalamus and hypothalamus,Position:a narrow cleft lies within diencephalon.,Interventricular foramen,Communication a.Interventricular foramen lateral ventricle b.Third ventricle mesencephalic aqueduct fourth ventricle,Tectum of midbrain,Tegmentum of midbrain,Crus cerebri,Substantia nigra,Cerebral peduncle,
