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1、中国地质大学长城学院本科毕业论文外文资料翻译系 别: 信息工程系 专 业: 电气工程及其自动化 姓 名: 学 号: 04309312 2013年 3 月 18 日外文资料翻译译文PLC应用于电梯的发展趋势(PLC)是以计算机技术为核心的通用自动控制装置,在各行各业中得到了广泛的应用。在电梯行业中,PLC的作用得到了充分的体现。本文介绍了PLC控制的五层电梯模型的构成、主要功能、PLC的I/O接口分配、PLC的编程方法及对电梯系统的程序设计等。通过对电梯控制系统的程序设计,实现了电梯的开关门控制以及在电梯运行方式下电梯的呼叫显示、上下行、起动、延时关门、平层、停靠开门、信号排队、顺向截梯和报警等
2、控制功能。通过对软件程序的编译、硬件的连接以及电梯模型与PLC控制系统的联调,使得控制系统在电梯模型运行过程中直观的体现出来,实现了对电梯功能的控制。 21世纪将会发展多用途、全功能的塔式建筑,超高速电梯继续成为研究方向。曳引式超高速电梯的研究继续在采用超大容量电动机、高性能的微处理器、减振技术、新式滚轮导靴和安全钳、永磁同步电动机、轿厢气压缓解和噪声抑制系统等方面推进。采用直线电机驱动的电梯也有较大研究空间。未来超高速电梯舒适感会有明显提高。电梯是标志现代物质文明的垂直运输工具、是机电一体化的复杂运输设备。它涉及电子技术、机械工程、电力电子技术、微机技术、电力拖动系统和土建工程等多个科学领域
3、。目前电梯的生产情况和使用数量已成为一个国家现代化程度的标志之一。本次设计主要将可编程序控制器(PLC)和计算机应用到电梯的控制系统中去,以五层电梯为例来完成单台电梯PLC控制系统的总体设计方案、组成及模块化程序设计。通过三菱FX2N与计算机通信来实现对电梯系统运行的控制。首先确定电梯类型为客货两用梯,电梯载重量为1000千克,梯速为1.5米/秒,曳引电动机的转速为1000转/秒;再根据串联阻抗前后电动机的机械特性,选择合适的电梯速度控制曲线,实现电梯的交流调速;其次是电梯运行控制部分设计,包括轿厢门控制电路、平层控制电路、显示电路、集选控制电路、电梯消防运行回路;输入口计算点为58,输出口计
4、算点数为35,选用三菱FX2-80MRPLC型的PLC,并进行了外围接线设计;最后进行软件编程。随着经济发展,高层建筑的日益增多,电梯已经成为人们日常生活中不可缺少垂直交通工具。更好的满足用户的要求,开发出高安全性、高可靠性、高效、低能耗、乘坐舒适的电梯,是国内外各电梯生产企业和研究机构的主要目标。其中电梯控制系统的开发是达到以上目标的最重要途径。 工业自动化技术的飞速发展为电梯控制系统的技术更新提供了物质基础。不断的将工业控制领域最先进的技术和产品引入到电梯控制中,是电梯行业技术开发最重要和最有效的手段。本文将可编程计算机控制器PCC,这一集计算机技术、通讯技术、自动控制技术为一体的工业控制
5、领域的新型工业控制装置,应用于电梯控制中。 在对我国电梯行业的技术现状和发展趋势的详细分析的基础上,本文采用B&R 2005 PCC作为电梯的主控制系统,完成了一个12层站集选控制客梯的硬件系统和软件控制程序的设计,利用PCC自身所具备的逻辑运算和数据处理功能,通过适当增加输入输出点和编制PCC控制程序,使本系统具有对电梯运行进行故障监测和诊断的功能,并进一步介绍了PCC控制系统在电梯的远程监控中的应用。PLC(可编程控制器)作为一种工业控制微型计算机,它以其编程方便、操作简单尤其是它的高可控性等优点,在工业生产过程中得到了广泛的应用。它应用大规模集成电路,微型机技术和通讯技术的发展成果,逐步
6、形成了具有多种优点和微型,中型,大型,超大型等各种规格的系列产品,应用于从继电器控制系统到监控计算机之间的许多控制领域。随着社会的不断发展,楼房越来越高,而电梯成为了高层楼房的必须设备。电梯从手柄开关操纵电梯、按钮控制电梯发展到了现在的群控电梯,为高层运输做出了不可磨灭的贡献。PLC在电梯升降控制上的应用主要体现在它的逻辑开关控制功能。由于PLC具有逻辑运算,计数和定时以及数据输入输出的功能。在电梯升降过程中,各种逻辑开关控制与PLC很好的结合,很好的实现了对的控制。可编程控制器是60年代末在美国首先出现的,当时叫可编程逻辑控制器PLC(ProgrammableLogicController)
7、,目的是用来取代继电器。以执行逻辑判断、计时、计数等顺序控制功能。提出PLC概念的是美国通用汽车公司。PLC的基本设计思想是把计算机功能完善、灵活、通用等优点和继电器控制系统的简单易懂、操作方便、价格便宜等优点结合起来,控制器的硬件是标准的、通用的。根据实际应用对象,将控制内容编成软件写入控制器的用户程序存储器内,使控制器和被控对象连接方便。 70年代中期以后,PLC已广泛地使用微处理器作为中央处理器,输入输出模块和外围电路也都采用了中、大规模甚至超大规模的集成电路,这时的PLC已不再是仅有逻辑(Logic)判断功能,还同时具有数据处理、PID调节和数据通信功能。国际电工委员会(IEC)颁布的
8、可编程控制器标准草案中对可编程控制器作了如下的定义:可编程控制器是一种数字运算操作的电子系统,专为在工业环境下应用而设计。它采用了可编程序的存储器,用来在其内部存储执行逻辑运算,顺序控制、定时、计数和算术运算等操作的指令,并通过数字式和模拟式的输入和输出,控制各种类型的机械或生产过程。可编程控制器及其有关外围设备,易于与工业控制系统联成一个整体,易于扩充其功能的设计。可编程控制器对用户来说,是一种无触点设备,改变程序即可改变生产工艺。目前,可编程控制器已成为工厂自动化的强有力工具,得到了广泛的普及推广应用。可编程控制器是面向用户的专用工业控制计算机,具有许多明显的特点。可靠性高,抗干扰能力强;
9、编程直观、简单;适应性好;功能完善,接口功能强。PLC的最大特点在于:电气工程帅已不在电气的硬件上花费太多的心计,只要将按钮开关或感应器的输入点连接到PLC的输入点上就能解决问题,通过输出点连接接触或继电器来控制人功率的启动设备,而小功率的输出设备直接连接就可以。PLC的内部包含了具有中央处理器的CPU,并带有外部IO口扩展的IO接口地址和存储器三大块组成,CPU的核心是由一个或多个累加器组成,它们具有逻辑的数学运算能力,并能读取程序存储器的内容通过计算后去驰动相府的存储器和IO接口;IO口将内部累加器和外部的输入和输出系统连接起来,并将利关的数据存入程序存储器或者数据存储器中:存储器可以将I
10、O口输入的数据存入存储器中,并在工作时训调转到累加器和IO接口上,存储器分程序存储器ROM和数据存储器RAM,ROM可以将数据永久的存入存储器巾,而RAM只能作为CPU计算时临时计算使用的缓冲空间。PLC抗干扰是极其优秀的,我们根本不用去关心它的使用寿命和工作场合的恶劣,这些所自的问题已不再成为我们失败的主题,而留给我们的是关心如何来利用PLC的内部资源为我们加强设备的控制能力,使我们的设备更加的柔性。PLC的语言并不是我们所想象的汇编语言或C语言来进行编程,而是采用原有的继电器控制的梯形图,使得电气工程师在编写程序时很容易就理解了PLC的语言,而且很多的非电气专业人士也对PLC很快认识并深入
11、。PLC在智能建筑电梯控制系统中的应用在20世纪80年代,第一座智能大厦在美国竣工,之后智能建筑引起了全世界的关注。随着社会的发展,智能建筑有着不同的含义。早期智能建筑被认为是等同于智能大厦,但是现在智能建筑不仅涉及智能大厦,而且还涉及智能住宅小区。本文主要讨论了智能建筑系统的一个子系统:电梯控制系统。智能住宅区内企业的信息管理系统主要是负责涉及到日常生活的事物,例如监管住宅区内的设备,车辆,处理紧急情况等等,电梯的监管可控制系统对智能住宅区来说也是必须的。如何使人们感到安全,稳定和舒适,以及如何节约能源资源和保护环境等是电梯控制系统的基本要求。Plc可编程控制器是一种常见的工业控制设备,是一
12、种特殊的工业控制计算机,具有完善的功能和简单的框架。PLC具有强抗干扰能力等优点,使得电梯工业一次又一次将PLC应用与电梯控制系统,以取代传统的使用继电器控制电梯系统。PLC在电梯控制系统应用,减低了故障率,并有效地提高了电梯运行的可靠性与安全性。本文主要论述了电梯控制系统的工作原理,系统的软件和硬件实现方法等。电梯控制系统工作原理说明如下:首先将使用者现场的输入信息发送到plc中,然后plc控制装置通过系统要求发出信号以驱动外围设备,然后电梯根据控制要求执行相应的动作,系统中的速度反馈装置,采用的是测速装置测出电梯运行速度反馈控制装置,通常安装在曳引电动机的后面,所以该系统是一个反馈控制系统
13、,可提高系统的控制精度。电梯的PLC控制系统的接口电路不需要设计,我们要做的是将信号,包括梯内外召唤信号,平层监测信号,开门和关门信号等发送个plc的数字输入端口。Plc中的直流电源,提供给指示灯。Plc的输出点直接控制传感器,以达到电动机正传和反转,停机的目的。此为,电梯控制系统中除了plc和主要控制装置外还包括其它的输入和输出装置。控制柜是整个控制系统的核心部分,可以发送各种控制命令,通常安装在电梯室内。电气设备和信号装置。例如,接触器,继电器,电容,电阻,整流器和变压器等,也都安装在控制柜内。控制柜中的电源是由电梯室内的主电源提供。电梯室内的主电源还通过由软电缆做成的导线连接到各个控制按
14、钮。电动机也是由它供电。控制线和信号线分别接至各个楼层。设计包括两个部分:硬件和软件。硬件设计是软件设计的基础。考虑到控制的要求相对复杂,我们按照控制功能将程序分块。此外电梯还必须遵循以下调度原则:当电梯上行时,任何反方向即下降的按钮呼梯均无效;当电梯下行途中,任何上升的按钮呼梯均无效。顺序功能图SFC在设计过程中被采用,它广泛应用于工业顺序控制。顺序功能图SFC能够详细、直观的描述系统的工作过程。当所有的顺序功能图都设计完,I/O地址分配好,我们可以将顺序功能图SFC转化成符号梯形图(LD),考虑到严格的定时时间和互锁,我们采用步来代表工作步骤。我们应当写出各步的控制程序,通过限制条件来控制
15、下一步的运行,结束上一步,这样就可以将各个步连接在一起。因此,实际输出是这些步的逻辑组合。该控制程序目前已完全调试。模拟实验阐述了该方案的设计方法是切实可行的,plc在电梯控制系统中的应用是一个有效的方法。它可以使工业管理中心的工作人员在远距离的控制中心就可以实现对电梯的监测和控制,通过以太网个人专用网络,如Lon Works,将电梯和控制中心连接起来,这样一来电梯的工作状况可以得到及时的监视。这不但实现了电梯的科学集中管理,而且降低电梯维修费用。电梯控制系统电梯的控制主要是指对电梯在运行过程中的运行方向、轿内指令、层站召唤、负载信号、楼层显示、安全保护等指令信息进行管理,操纵电梯实行每个控制
16、环节的方式和手段。电梯的用途不同,可以有不同的载荷,不同的速度及不同的驱动方式和控制方式。即使相同用途的电梯,也可采用不同的操纵控制方式。但电梯不论使用何种控制方式,所要达到的目标是相同的,即根据轿厢内指令信号、层站召唤信号而自动进行逻辑判定,决定出哪一台电梯接受信号,自动定出电梯的运行方向,并按照指令要求通过电气自动控制系统完成预定的控制目的。电梯控制系统分类从控制系统的实现方法来看,电梯的控制系统经历了继电器电梯控制、可编程序控制器(PC机)、单片微机控制、多微机控制多种形式,这些控制方式代表了不同时期电梯控制系统的主流,并且随着大规模集成电路和计算机技术的发展而逐步推陈出新,这些控制系统
17、在目前的在用电梯中都有存在。PLC控制系统:PLC是可编程序控制器的简称,它是一种数字运算操作的电子系统。它采用可编程序的存储器存储执行逻辑运算、顺序控制、定时、计数和算术运算等操作指令,并可通过数字式或模拟式输入和输出。用PLC控制电梯的方法是,将电梯中发出的指令信号诸如基站的电源钥匙、轿内选层指令、层站召唤、各类安全开关、位置信号等都作为PLC的输入,而将其它的执行元件如接触器、继电器、轿内和层站指示灯、通讯设施等作为PLC的输出部分。根据电梯的操纵控制方式,确定程序的编制原则。程序设计可以按照继电器逻辑控制电路的特点来完成,也可以完全脱离继电器控制电路重新按电梯的控制功能进行分段设计。前
18、者程序设计简单,有现成的控制线路作依据,易掌握;后者可以使相同功能的程序集中在一起,程序占用量少。PLC用于电梯的控制系统具有可靠性高,稳定性好;编程简单,使用方便;维护检修方便等优点。现在PLC产品,品种齐全,已成系列化,输入输出点数从30点一直到8千多点乃至更多。完全可以满足不同层高的电梯控制要求。外文原文PLC application in the development trend of the elevatorProgrammable Logic Controller (PLC) is a common control device which use computer techno
19、logy as a core, PLC gets a wide range of applications in all walks of life. In the elevator industry, PLCs role has been fully expressed. This paper introduces the PLC-controlled model of a five-story elevator,include its composition, main function, the I/O interface distribution of the PLC, the PLC
20、s programming methods and procedures design of the elevator system. With procedures design of the elevator control system can achieve the elevator doors opening and closing control, and the elevaters indication under the call, moving from top to bottom, starting-up, delay closed, Ping layer, opening
21、 the door, making signals in the queue, close to the escalator and alarming control under the mode of the elevators operation mode. Through the process of compiling software, hardware connection and the conjunction of elevator model and the PLC control system, which makes the elevator control system
22、 model intuitive reflected in the course of operation and realized the elevaters functional control. The 21st century will develop multipurpose, full-featured tower building, ultra-high speed elevator continue to become the research direction. Traction type super-fast elevator research continues to
23、super capacity motor, high performance by the microprocessor, damping technology, new roller guide boots and security clamp, permanent magnet synchronous motor, elevator car air pressure relief and noise suppression systems propulsion. Using the linear motor drive there is also a greater research sp
24、ace elevator. Future super-fast elevator intimacy will have increased significantly. Elevator iWith economic development, the increasing number of high-rise buildings, elevators have become indispensable in daily life the vertical transport. Better meet user requirements, development of high securit
25、y, high reliability, high efficiency, low energy consumption, ride comfort of the elevator, the elevator is the domestic and foreign enterprises and research institutions the main objective.Elevator control system which was developed to achieve these objectives, the most important ways. The rapid de
26、velopment of industrial automation technology for the elevator control system technology update provides the material base. Continue to be the most advanced areas of industrial control technology and products introduced to the elevator control, elevator industry, technology development is the most i
27、mportant and effective means.This article programmable computer controller - PCC, the computer technology, communication technology, automatic control technology for the integration of new areas of industrial control industrial control device, used in the lift control.In China's elevator industr
28、y, technology status and development trend of the detailed analysis, based on this paper, B & R 2005 PCC as the elevator's main control system, completed a 12-storey station set selective control passenger elevators in the hardware and software control program design , the use of PCC its own
29、 has the logic operation and data processing functions, through appropriate increase in input / output point and the preparation of PCC control procedures, so that the system has run for the elevator fault monitoring and diagnosis functions, and further information on the PCC control system Elevator
30、 Remote Monitoring.s in close connection with the machinery of large-scale electrical machinery and electronic products. Mainly by the room, Wells Road, Car, door systems and electrical control system. Accompanied by the development of the construction industry, to provide for the construction of th
31、e elevator up and down traffic and transport industries are developing rapidly. Elevator is not only an important link in the production of equipment, but also a life of work and the necessary equipment, can be expected that, with the development of society, elevator products in peoples material and
32、 cultural life and the car will be has become one of the important transportation equipment.The design mainly PLC (PLC) and computer application to the elevator control system, and to five-story elevator as an example to complete a single lift PLC program control system design, composition and modul
33、ar program design . Mitsubishi FX2N through computer communications and to achieve operation of the elevator control systemPLC (programmable controller) takes one industrial control microcomputer, it is convenient by its programming, simplicity of operator its merits and so on high controllability,
34、obtained the widespread application particularly in the industrial production process. It applies the large scale integrated circuit, the miniature machine technology and the mechanics of communication development achievement, formed gradually had many kinds of merits and miniature, medium, large-sc
35、ale, the ultra-large type and so on each kind of specifications serial products, applied to monitors between computers many control domain from the black-white control system. Along with societys unceasing development, the building is getting higher and higher, but the elevator became the high-level
36、 building to the equipment. The elevator from the handle switch operation elevator, the push-button control elevator develops to presents group control elevator, has made the indelible contribution for the high-level transportation. PLC mainly manifests in the elevator cuing controls application in
37、its logical switch control function. Because PLC has the logic operation, counting and fixed time as well as data feeds output function. In the elevator rises and falls in the process, each logical switch control and the PLC very good union, very good have realized to the fluctuation the control. Th
38、is article main discussion studies uses Simens in the S7-200 PLC to carry on the control to elevators fluctuation, forms the lift control system.PLC Introduction Programmable controller is the first in the late 1960s in the United States, then called Plc programmable logic controller (ProgrammableLo
39、gicController) is used to replace relays. For the implementation of the logical judgement, timing, sequence number, and other control functions. The concept is presented Plc General Motors Corporation. Plc and the basic design is the computer functional improvements, flexible, generic and other adva
40、ntages and relay control system simple and easy to operate, such as the advantages of cheap prices combined controller hardware is standard and overall. According to the practical application of target software in order to control the content of the user procedures memory controller, the controller
41、and connecting the accused convenient target. In the mid-1970s, the Plc has been widely used as a central processing unit microprocessor, import export module and the external circuits are used, large-scale integrated circuits even when the Plc is no longer the only logical (IC) judgement functions
42、also have data processing, PID conditioning and data communications functions. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards promulgated programmable controller for programmable controller draft made the following definition : programmable controller is a digital electronic computers ope
43、rating system, specifically for applications in the industrial design environment. It used programmable memory, used to implement logic in their internal storage operations, sequence control, timing, counting and arithmetic operations, such as operating instructions, and through digital and analog i
44、nput and output, the control of various types of machinery or production processes. Programmable controller and related peripherals, and industrial control systems easily linked to form a whole, to expand its functional design. Programmable controller for the user, is a non-contact equipment, the pr
45、ocedures can be changed to change production processes. The programmable controller has become a powerful tool for factory automation, widely popular replication. Programmable controller is user-oriented industries dedicated control computer, with many distinctive features. First, high reliability,
46、anti-interference capability; Second programming visual, simple; Third, adaptability good; functional improvements, strong functional interfacePLC language is not we imagine of edit collected materials the language or language of Cs to cany on weaving the distance, but The PLC biggest characteristic
47、s lie in: The electrical engineering teacher already no longer electric hardware up too many calculationses of cost, as long as order the importation that the button switch or the importation of the sensors order to link the PLC up can solve problem, pass to output to order the conjunction contact m
48、achine or control the start equipments of the big power after the electric appliances,butthe exportation equipments direct conjuuctiou of the small power can. PLC internal containment have the CPU of the CPU, and take to have an I/O for expand of exterior to connect a peoples address and saving mach
49、ine three big pieces to constitute, CPU core is from an or many is tired to add the machine to constitute,mathematics that they have the logic operation ability, and can read the procedure save the contents of the machine to drive the homologous saving machine and I/Os toconnect after pass the calculation; The I/O add inner part is tired the input and output system of the