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1、初中英语被动语态专项讲解一、语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态 二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。(被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成。)各种时态的被动语态构成：1.一般现在时：amisare及物动词的过去分词Eg：Im asked to take care of myself. Football is played all over the world2.一般过去时：waswere及物动词的过去分词Eg：This house was
2、 built in 1958. His leg was broken in an accident.3.一般将来时：willshall be及物动词的过去分词Eg：More factories will be built in our city. He will be taken to hospital tomorrow. 4.现在进行时：amisare being及物动词的过去分词.Eg：A road is being built around the mountain. Many new houses are being built in this cit5.过去进行时：was/were
3、being及物动词的过去分词 Eg：The meeting was being held when I was there. We were being trained this time last year.6.现在完成时：havehas been及物动词的过去分词Eg：His book has been translated into many foreign languages. The prices of many goods have been cut again . 7.过去完成时：had been + 及物动词的过去分词Eg：A new school had been set u
4、p by the end of last year. 8.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词Eg：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.4.含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动语态变成被动语态时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。Eg： We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once. It sho
5、uld be done at once.The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.六可与被动语态连用的介词在被动语态的句子中，常用介词by引出动作的发出者，实际上同被动语态连用的介词除by以外还有很多。1.表示谓语动词的动作是为谁或为何目的而发生的要用介词for。(be used for sth /doing sth 被用于被用于做)Eg:1.This new bike was bought for you . 2.Stamps are used for sending letters .2.表示动作发出者所使用的工具或强调状态时应用
6、介词withEg：1.The trees were cut down with a knife . 2.The bottle is filled with orange .3.表示“被作为(发生)”应用介词as （be used as 被作为使用）Eg：English is used as a first language in Canada.4.在be well-known 后应用介词to，表示“被所熟知”Eg：The Great Wall is well-known to everyone in the world .5.在be made 后可用多个介词表示不同的意义1).be made
7、in 表示“在某地制造”Eg：This Tv set is made in shanghai .2).be made of 和be made from 都可以表示“由制成的”，但be made of 强调从制成品上可以看出原材料， be made from则表示从制成品上看不出原材料。Eg：1.This table is made of wood . 2.This kind of paper is made from wood.3).be made by 由（人）制造的Eg：The cake is made by my mother .4).be made into 表示“被制成.” make
8、 into 把制成（主动形式）Eg：Glass is often made into glasses .玻璃常被制成玻璃杯。5）.be made after 表示“仿照.制成”Eg：This machine is made after theirs .这台机器是仿照他们的机器制成的。6).be made up of 表示“由.组成”Eg：Our class is made up of fifty students .七不可用于被动语态的情况1.当谓语动词是表示静态的及物动词（短语）时（eg：have ,cost ,hold ,know ,fit ,belong to）不可用于被动语态。Eg:H
9、ow long did the meeting last ?2.当谓语动词是look ,become ,get ,turn等连系动词，其后的成分多为形容词或名词词组作表语时。 Eg：he looks fine .在英语中，主动意义用主动语态表示，被动意义用被动语态表示。但在以下几种情况下，被动意义却用主动语态来表示：一少数动词，既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。当它们作不及物动词且用来表示主语内在品质或性能时，可用一般时态的主动形式表示被动意义，其主语大多为事物。常见的有：sell(“销售好)”read(好读”)，write(“好写”)，wash(“耐洗”)，wear(“耐穿)，last，te
10、ar,lock ,count ,open ,teach ,drive ,take 等、eg:1). The tickets cost too much and sold badly.这些票太贵了，销路不好。2). Can you lend Hie your pen?Your pen writes better你能把你的钢笔借给我吗?你的钢笔更好写。3).The pen writes well.这笔好写。4).The door wont open.门开不下来。5).The clothes wash easily. 这衣服很好洗。6). The door wont open. 这门打不开。注意：这
11、类动词的主动形式表示被动意义有三个明显特征1).与not，hardly等否定意义的词连用.2).常与副词well,easily,badly ,poorly ,nicely ,fast ,smoothly ,等连用表示效果或程度。3）句中的主语是谓语动词的承受者。二 某些表示感觉，状态，特征的系动词eg：feel, look, sound, smell, taste 等系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，主语是物。 Eg:1.The cloth feels soft. 这布料摸起来很软。 2.His cake tastes good. 他的蛋糕味道很好。 3.Good medicine tastes
12、 bitter.良药苦口三 动词need, want, require等表示“需要”或“应该”的意义时， 后用动词 ing的主动式或动词不定式被动形式表示变动意义.。Eg：1).The floor needs sweeping.地板须拖一下。2).The old bike needs repairing (or: to be repaired). 那辆旧自行车需要修理。 3).Your hair needs cutting你的头发需要理了。 4).The wall requires painting这墙壁需要粉刷了。四 “主语+be worth doing”句式中ving形式表达被动含义 Eg
13、：1.This book is well worth reading. 2.The film is well worth seeing 五表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。Eg：How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？六非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。1.在need，w
14、ant，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义， 其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Eg:The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房子需要修理。2.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。Eg:The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一 名词或代词构成主谓
15、关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。Eg:I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)试比较：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)九教材中与被动语态相关的一些词组:get dressed(穿衣) get hurt(受伤) get lost(迷路) get washed(洗脸) get married(结婚)be covered with
16、(被覆盖) be made of （由制成）（看得出原材料） be made by （由某人制造） be made from （由制成）（看不出原材料） be made in （由某地制造） be used for （被用于） be used as （被当作使用） be used to do （被用于做.）it is said that（据说） it is hoped that（希望）It is well known that.(总所周知.)初中英语被动语态专项练习1( ) 1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. fou
17、nd B. was founded C. is founded D. was found( ) 2 English _ in Canada. A.speaks B.are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( ) 3 This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D.
18、 is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used( ) 6 Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( )7 -Id like to buy that coat -Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold( ) 8 A new house _ at
19、the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 9 The key _ on the table when I leave. A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 10 Doctors _ in every part of the world. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( ) 11His new book_ nex
20、t month. A. will be published B. is publishingC. is being published D. has been published( ) 12 Japanese _ in every country. A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 13 These papers_yet. A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been writte
21、n( ) 14 The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt( ) 15 My shoes are worn out _ A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it. C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended?( ) 16 _ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are( )
22、 17 _ these desks be needed? A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do( ) 18 Why _ to talk about it yesterday? A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting held C. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held( ) 19 Who was the book_? A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by( ) 20 Where _ these boxes made? A. was
23、B. were C. is D. am( ) 21 The flowers_often. A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( ) 22 The books may_ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( )23 The teacher made him_ his homework. A. to do B. do C. did D. done( ) 24 The boy_ streets without pay in
24、the old days. A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean( )25 These children_dance. A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to( ) 26 Thesestones_well. A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted( )27 The bike _ 500 yuan. A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is coste
25、d( ) 28 The important meeting _ on a cold morning last year. A. was had B. was held C. held D. had( ) 29 Great changes_ in the past ten years in China. A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place( )30 You cant use the computer, it_. A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is
26、bad D. has broken down( ) 31 Great changes_in our country during the past 20 years. A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened( )32 The watch has often _ down. A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell( ) 33 Please pass me another cup. This one_. A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke
27、D. broken( )34 The story books_ by the writer in the 1960s. A. are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing( )35What time _ the door _ every day? A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close( )36 Can he_himself? A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of( ) 3
28、7 He fell from his bike and _. A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt( )38Lookout, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will_ A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. get burn( )39 The apple_very sweet. A. is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tasting( )40You_ more beautiful in the light blue s
29、hirt. A. see B. watch C. look D. look at( ) 41 What you said _. like a good idea. A. heard B. listened C. sound D. sounded( )42 -What do you think of the TV play? -Wonderful. It is worth_ a second time. A. watching B. watched C. seen D. seeing( )43.How dirty the tables are! They need_. A. to clean B
30、. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned( )44.The book is worth _.A. seeing B. reading C. seen D. read( )45 The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith. A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended( )46 The old bridge in my hometown_ next month. A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be
31、rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt( )47 The play _ at the theatre next Sunday. A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown( )48 The old stone bridge _ next week. A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild( )49 Now these magazines_ in the l
32、ibrary for a long time. A.have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept( )50 The pot _ for _ hot water. A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep( )51 Tea _ in the south of China.A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow( )55 The bridges_ two
33、 years ago. A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built( ) 56 Wet clothes are often _ up near a fire in rainy weather. A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung( ) 57The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty things into it. A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. s
34、top from throwing( )58 The teapot _ water. A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled( )59 Old people must be looked after well and _ politely. A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to( )60Old people must _. A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked
35、after well( ) 61 Newly-born babies_in hospital. A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care( ) 62 They were_ at the sudden noise.A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens( ) 63 These walls_stone. A. are made of B. made of C. are made into D. ma
36、de into( ) 64 Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday. A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said( ) 65 The papers _ to them. A. were shown B. show C. shown D. have shown( )66The coat_her sister.A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to( )67 I _ five minutes to decide wheth
37、er I should go or not. A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given( ) 68 Good care_such things. A. should take of B. should be taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of被动语态专项练习 请写出被动语态的基本结构：_ A.一般现在时的被动语态结构： is /am/are +及物动词的过去分词+其它+by sb. 1Football （play） all over the world。 2Many trees （
38、plant） in North China. 3Rice （grow） in South China. 4A camera （use） for taking photos 5I often （ask）to do this work. B.一般过去时的被动语态结构：was /were+及物动词的过去分词其它+by sb. 1.The house （build） in 1978. 2. All the students _ (ask) to bring a kite with them last Sunday 3. The car (clean) by Dad yesterday. 4. I （t
39、ell）to wait for him right here. 5. When the present （give）to him by his mother？ C.含有情态动词的被动语态结构： 情态动词can / may / must / should + be + 及物动词的过去分词+其它+by sb. 1. Chocolate may (send) to him as a present. 2. Computers should （look）after well. 3. Can this kind of machine （mend）by Uncle Wang? 4. No stars ca
40、n （see） in the day-time by us. 5. Must the old people _ (speak) to politely? D.你能试着做一做含有其它时态的被动语态吗？ 1. The letter (write) by Lin Tao now. 2. The bridge (finish) next month. 3. The CD-ROMs (sell) already. 4. The blackboard (clean) when I came in. 练习2 一 选择题 ()1.The strange thing was used _ wine（酒） by ancient（古代的） people. A.for drinkB.to drinkC.drinkingD.drinked ()2.Today,too many trees are still _ in the world.A.cutting down B.cut downC.being cut down D.cutted down ()3.English _ in many countries, but Chinese _ their own languages. A.is spoken,speaks B.speaks,is spoken
